术中超声联合荧光素钠在高级别胶质瘤显微手术中的应用

目的 探讨术中超声联合荧光素钠实时显像方法在高级别胶质瘤显微手术切除中的应用价值。方法 选取28例(观察组)高级别胶质瘤患者,进行荧光素钠染色,根据肿瘤染色后的强弱结合术中超声确定肿瘤边界进行显微切除。选取(对照组)既往28例高级别胶质瘤按照传统方法行显微手术切除的患者,评估2组手术效果。结果 术后复查增强MRI对比术中超声定位准确,显微镜下可见肿瘤能够被荧光素钠染成深染区(黄绿色)、淡染区(淡黄色)及无染色区,恶性程度越高染色越深,患者术中、术后均无荧光素钠过敏及不适反应。观察组患者肿瘤全切率(92.86%)显著高于对照组(71.43%);手术时间及术后住院时间明显少于对照组。观察组患者术后肌力下降4例,明显低于对照组(10例);术后生存质量评分(KPS评分)优于对照组。术后随访6个月,肿瘤复发率观察组低于对照组。以上指标差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 术中超声联合荧光素纳应用于术中可以在术中准确确定肿瘤边界,达到最大限度切除肿瘤,保护正常脑组织,降低术后复发率,延迟术后复发时间,提高患者术后生存质量。     

儿童颅内胶质瘤的临床特点及疗效分析:附108例报告

背景与目的:儿童胶质瘤是小儿时期最常见的肿瘤之一,也是最常见的中枢神经系统肿瘤。本文探讨儿童颅内胶质瘤的临床特点、治疗及预后。方法:对经病理检查确诊为颅内胶质瘤的108例儿童患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:108例患者中病变位于幕上44例(40.7%),幕下64例(59.3%),其中幕上近中线处30例,幕下近中线处49例;全切79例(73.1%),次全切22例(20.4%),部分切除或活检7例(6.5%);病理结果为低级别胶质瘤93例(86.1%),高级别胶质瘤15例(13.9%);其中星形细胞瘤100例(92.6%)。99例患者得到随访,其中86例随访至今无复发,术后生存率87.8%。结论:儿童胶质瘤临床上有其特异性,肿瘤好发于幕下和近中线处,病理类型多为低级别星形细胞瘤,治疗应以全切肿瘤为主,预后相对较好。     

胶质瘤干细胞及其相关信号通路的研究进展

胶质瘤是颅内常见的原发肿瘤,高级别的胶质瘤治疗效果不佳,对放化疗抵抗.目前认为在胶质瘤组织中存在着胶质瘤干细胞,此种细胞具有自我更新和分化的能力,是高级别胶质瘤放化疗失败的主要原因,针对胶质瘤干细胞的靶向治疗可能相对于传统放化疗能更好地改善高级别胶质瘤的预后.一些新的治疗手段通过作用于胶质瘤干细胞信号通路可靶向治疗胶质瘤.     

彩色多普勒超声导航在深部神经胶质瘤显微手术中的应用价值

目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声导航技术在深部神经胶质瘤显微手术中的应用价值。方法选择确诊为深部神经胶质瘤且具有手术指征的30例,且这30例患者均应用了彩色超声多普勒导航技术,术前对患者进行了MRI和CT检查定位,进行开颅,暴露出硬脑膜后实时彩色多普勒超声确定深部神经胶质瘤的病变部位、范围、大小及周围血供情况,选择最佳的手术入路,彩色多普勒超声引导下放置明胶引导显微神经外科手术路径,并实时监控、评估病灶切除情况,术后行头颅MRI和CT检查,与术前的检查结果进行对比以评估疗效,同时选取同一时期未采用彩色多普勒超声导航的30例患者作为对照组,比较两组的手术时间及手术全切率。结果低级别与高级别胶质瘤的超声显像具有不同的特征,采用术中超声导航的30例患者的病变均能够准确定位,术中使用彩色多普勒超声导航,可以明显缩短深部神经胶质瘤的手术时间及提高全切率。结论彩色多普勒超声导航可以显著缩短深部神经胶质瘤显微手术的手术操作时间,并且可以做到实时监控,提高了肿瘤的全切率。     

PET/MRI在高级别脑胶质瘤放射治疗中的应用

脑胶质瘤是最常见的原发性神经系统肿瘤,其中高级别胶质瘤生长迅速,常呈浸润性生长,且治疗后易复发,死亡率和致残率都很高。手术切除仍是高级别胶质瘤的首选治疗方法,术后放射治疗则是其重要的辅助治疗手段之一。目前放射治疗多以MRI图像指导靶区的勾画,但MRI在肿瘤显像方面仍存在局限性。随着多种放射性示踪剂的研究及应用,PET能够通过肿瘤组织的代谢变化来反映肿瘤的浸润范围,还有助于鉴别放射性坏死与肿瘤复发。PET/MRI的联合应用在高级别脑胶质瘤的放射治疗中具有很好的应用前景。     

多形性胶质母细胞瘤放疗临床靶区范围及治疗的讨论

间变性星形细胞瘤为WHO Ⅲ级，多形性胶质母细胞瘤为WHO Ⅳ级，美国NCCN2007指引中建议，对于高级别胶质瘤应最大范围切除肿瘤，术后病理为间变性星形细胞瘤者，应予放疗±同期化疗±辅助化疗；而若证实为多形性胶质母细胞瘤者，则应予放疗＋同期化疗＋辅助化疗。关于高级别脑胶质瘤靶区的勾画尚无定论。我们收治一例右侧额叶混合性胶质瘤（部分为间变性星形细胞瘤，部分为多形性胶质母细胞瘤），于外院行肿瘤全切术，术后经多学科讨论后认为应予放疗加替莫唑胺同期化疗及辅助化疗。本文就此病例的放疗靶区勾画及治疗进行讨论。     

脑胶质瘤146例手术效果及预后因素分析

背景与目的:脑胶质瘤占所有颅内肿瘤的一半左右,且好发于中青年人,对家庭和社会影响较大。本文总结脑胶质瘤手术治疗效果并探讨影响预后的因素。方法:回顾性分析我院近5年来手术治疗的脑胶质瘤患者病例资料并随访,对手术效果及预后行单、多因素综合分析。结果:显微手术治疗146例患者,男性77例,女性69例;年龄7～80岁,平均38.6岁;低级别胶质瘤(LGG)74例,高级别胶质瘤(HGG)72例,全切和大部切除117例,部分切除和活检29例,无手术死亡。术前、术后平均KPS为63.1、81.5分,术后平均升高18.4分,术后复发51例;获得完整随访资料71例,男性42例,女性29例;全切、次全切、部分切除加活检例数分别为21、35、15,共死亡29例,死亡比例40岁以下9/38,40岁及以上20/33;LGG8/36,HGG21/35。结论:年龄、肿瘤级别、肿瘤切除程度、术前术后KPS及放化疗与胶质瘤患者预后密切相关;年龄、肿瘤级别是预后的最危险因素,术后KPS及肿瘤切除程度与患者预后正相关。     

术中实时超声指导对颅内胶质瘤手术的应用价值

目的探讨术中实时超声指导对颅内胶质瘤手术的应用价值。方法选取2013年5月至2015年10月间湖北省天门市第一人民医院收治的63例颅内胶质瘤患者,均通过术中实时超声指导实施肿瘤切除手术。术后三天,对患者采取强化MRI,复查肿瘤切除范围,评估手术准确性及全切率。结果 63例患者术中肿瘤发现率和定位准确率均为100.0%。有61例患者术中超声探查肿瘤范围和术后强化MRI复查结果一致,总体准确率为96.8%。53例接受肿瘤全切手术的患者中,52例达到全切效果,肿瘤全切率为98.1%。所有患者经手术治疗后病情均得到明显改善。结论术中实时超声指导,有助于提高颅内胶质瘤手术的全切率和准确率,值得临床推广。     

69例脑胶质瘤术后三维适形放射治疗临床分析

背景与目的:胶质瘤是成人最常见的颅内肿瘤,其治疗首选以手术为主的综合治疗方案,术后辅助放射治疗是提高疗效的关键。本文旨在探讨脑胶质瘤术后辅助三维适形放射治疗的疗效及其预后因素。方法:69例脑胶质瘤术后的患者,均接受三维适形放射治疗,低级别胶质瘤95%PTV1中位剂量为49.8Gy,95%PTV2中位剂量为56Gy;高级别胶质瘤95%PTV1中位剂量为49.95Gy,95%PTV2中位剂量为60Gy。其中15例患者同步口服替莫唑胺,40例患者口服司莫司汀。结果:全组患者失访3例,死亡32例。1、3、5年生存率分别为68.1%,47.8%和41.8%,中位生存时间17个月。WHOⅠ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级患者的3年生存率分别为100%、78.7%、45.0%和25.7%,肿瘤血供较为丰富和血供一般的患者的3年生存率分别为16.3%和81.2%,肉眼全切组和肿瘤残留组的3年生存率分别为64.1%和32.4%。结论:病理分级和肿瘤血供显著影响胶质瘤患者生存,肉眼全切肿瘤有助于提高疗效。     

小剂量荧光素钠引导下恶性胶质瘤切除的临床应用

目的:探讨小剂量荧光素钠引导下恶性胶质瘤切除的应用.方法:回顾性分析手术治疗11例恶性胶质瘤的临床资料,术中使用小剂量(3~5 mg/kg)荧光素钠,术中根据荧光标识肿瘤,提高肿瘤边界可视性,并对患者进行术后随访.结果:WHO分级Ⅲ级6例(间变性星形细胞瘤4例,间变性少突胶质细胞瘤2例),Ⅳ级胶质母细胞瘤5例.肿瘤全切4例,次全切7例,随访6~21个月,患者6个月生存率为90.9%、12个月生存率为53.0%、18个月生存率为26.5%,中位生存时间为(16.0±3.2)个月.结论:荧光素钠引导下恶性胶质瘤切除,术中能实时和可视下标识肿瘤,使用方便和安全,能提高肿瘤的切除程度.     

Presence of low-grade IPMN at the pancreatic transection margin does not have prognostic significance after resection of IPMN-associated pancreatic adenocarcinoma

IntroductionResection margin status is a well-established prognosticator in pancreatic cancer. The prognostic impact of IPMN dysplasia at the pancreatic transection margin in IPMN-associated carcinoma (IPMN-Ca) remains unclear, hence institutional practices on additional resections vary.MethodsPatients undergoing partial pancreatectomy or attempted partial pancreatectomy converted to total pancreatectomy for IPMN-Ca between 04/2002 and 12/2018 were identified. Final pathology of the definitive pancreatic transection margin was identified. The association between the presence of IPMN dysplasia at the margin and overall survival (OS) was assessed.ResultsOf 302 patients with IPMN-Ca, 181 (59.9%) patients received partial pancreatoduodenectomy, 61 (20.2%) distal pancreatectomy, and 60 (19.9%) were converted to total pancreatectomy. Median OS was 98.6 months in R0 (≥1 mm), 39.3 months in R1 (<1 mm), and 22.0 months in R1(direct) resected patients, respectively (p < 0.0001). No IPMN dysplasia at the definitive margin was present in 103 (34.1%), low-grade in 131 (43.4%), and high-grade/R1 in 8 (2.6%) patients. Low-grade dysplasia or total pancreatectomy were not associated with shorter OS compared to dysplasia-free margin across the entire cohort. Sensitivity analyses confirmed a lack of prognostic relevance of low-grade IPMN dysplasia at the pancreatic margin in R0 resected IPMN-Ca and in R0 resected UICC stage IA/IB IPMN-Ca.ConclusionsLow-grade IPMN at the transection margin is not associated with shorter overall survival after partial pancreatectomy for IPMN-Ca. Additional resections for low-grade dysplasia, up to total pancreatectomy do not result in a survival benefit and should be omitted. Due to limited sample size, high-grade dysplasia could not be analyzed.     

Microscopically positive surgical margins and local recurrence in thyroid cancer. A meta-analysis

BackgroundMicroscopically positive surgical margins are a prognostic factor of recurrence in advanced thyroid carcinoma. However, information on early and completely resected thyroid tumors is scarce. Some studies do not identify any association between positive margin and local recurrence. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to measure the association of microscopically positive surgical margins and local recurrence in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy.MethodsClinical trials assessing the association between microscopically positive surgical margin and local recurrence in patients with early-stage, well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma who underwent total thyroidectomy were evaluated. The outcome measured was local recurrence in the thyroid bed. A systematic review and meta-analysis was done using a random-effects model.ResultsSix studies with 7696 patients were identified. Methodological quality was good, and we did not identify statistical heterogeneity or publication bias. The risk difference for microscopically positive surgical margin and local recurrence was 0% (95% CI 0 to 1).ConclusionMeta-analysis did not find a statistically significant association between microscopically positive surgical margin and local recurrence in this population. A finding of microscopically positive surgical margin in the absence of other adverse factors is not an indication for adjuvant treatment.     

Current margin practice and effect on re-excision rates following the publication of the SSO-ASTRO consensus and ABS consensus guidelines: a national prospective study of 2858 women undergoing breast-conserving therapy in the UK and Ireland

IntroductionThere is variation in margin policy for breast conserving therapy (BCT) in the UK and Ireland. In response to the Society of Surgical Oncology and American Society for Radiation Oncology (SSO-ASTRO) margin consensus (‘no ink on tumour’ for invasive and 2 mm for ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) and the Association of Breast Surgery (ABS) consensus (1 mm for invasive and DCIS), we report on current margin practice and unit infrastructure in the UK and Ireland and describe how these factors impact on re-excision rates.MethodsA trainee collaborative-led multicentre prospective study was conducted in the UK and Ireland between 1st February and 31st May 2016. Data were collected on consecutive BCT patients and on local infrastructure and policies.ResultsA total of 79 sites participated in the data collection (75% screening units; average 372 cancers annually, range 70–900). For DCIS, 53.2% of units accept 1 mm and 38% accept 2-mm margins. For invasive disease 77.2% accept 1 mm and 13.9% accept ‘no ink on tumour’. A total of 2858 patients underwent BCT with a mean re-excision rate of 17.2% across units (range 0–41%). The re-excision rate would be reduced to 15% if all units applied SSO-ASTRO guidelines and to 14.8% if all units followed ABS guidelines. Of those who required re-operation, 65% had disease present at margin.ConclusionThere continues to be large variation in margin policy and re-excision rates across units. Altering margin policies to follow either SSO-ASTRO or ABS guidelines would result in a modest reduction in the national re-excision rate. Most re-excisions are for involved margins rather than close margins.     

Paraaortic dissection in “total mesopancreas excision” and “mesopancreas-first resection” pancreaticoduodenectomies for pancreatic cancer: Useless,optional, or necessary?A systematic review

The mesopancreas does not have well-defined boundaries but is continuous and connected through its components with the paraaortic area. The mesopancreatic resection margin has been indicated as the primary site for R1 resection after PD in pancreatic head cancer and total mesopancreas excision has been proposed to achieve adequate retropancreatic margin clearance and to minimize the likelihood of R1 resection. However, the anatomy of the mesopancreas requires extended dissection of the paraaortic area to maximize posterior clearance. The artery-first surgical approach has been developed to increase local radicality at the mesopancreatic resection margin. During PD, the artery-first approach begins with dissection of the connective tissues around the SMA. However, the concept of the mesopancreas as a boundless structure that includes circumferential tissues around the SMA, SMV, and paraaortic tissue highlights the need to shift from artery-first PD to mesopancreas-first PD to reduce the risk of R1 resection. From this perspective the “artery-first” approach, which allows for the avoidance of R2 resection risk, should be integrated into the “mesopancreas-first” approach to improve the R0 resection rate.In total mesopancreas excision and mesopancreas-first pancreaticoduodenectomies, the inclusion of the paraaortic area and circumferential area around the SMA in the resection field is necessary to control the tumour spread along the mesopancreatic resection margin rather than to control or stage the spread in the nodal basin.     

Cavity shaving for invasive breast cancer conservative surgery: Reduced specimen volume and margin positive rates

IntroductionThe cavity shaving (CS) technique was described in breast conserving surgery to reduce the rate of reoperation avoiding the need for intraoperative margin analysis. This study assesses differences in the rates of involvement of the surgical margin (requiring further surgery) and volume of surgical specimens, depending on the use or not of this technique.Material and methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with breast carcinoma who underwent breast conserving surgery between 2013 and 2019. They were divided into two groups depending on whether the cavity shaving technique was used or not. Primary outcomes of the study included presence of final margin involvement, requiring need for further surgery, and the volume of excised tissue comparing the study groups.ResultsA total of 202 cases were included: 92 in the control group and 110 in the cavity shaving group. Significant differences were found regarding involvement of the final margin (19.57% control group vs. 4.55% cavity shaving group; p = 0.010). The volume of additional surgical specimens were significantly greater in the traditional technique group than in the shaving technique (46.43 vs 13.32 cm³; p = 0.01) as was total specimen volume (143.40 vs 100.63 cm³; p = 0.022).ConclusionsCS can reduce the positive margin and re-excision rates without larger-volume resections and should therefore be considered a routine technique in BCS for early-stage breast cancer.     

65例T3声门型喉癌的治疗与预后分析

背景与目的:T3声门型喉癌目前临床治疗上仍有较多争议,本文旨在探讨T3声门型喉癌的不同治疗方案、颈淋巴结转移情况及切缘阳性对预后的影响。方法:回顾性研究1990年1月1日～1998年12月30日中山大学肿瘤防治中心诊治的T3声门型喉癌65例,比较不同治疗方法、切缘情况、颈淋巴结转移情况对预后的影响。结果:全组总的3、5年生存率为75.47%、65.07%。单纯手术、单纯放疗与手术 辅助放疗三组生存率无差异(P=0.914);部分喉切除术与全喉切除术生存率无差异(P=0.710);切缘阳性患者术后加放疗的生存率与切缘阴性患者无差异(P=0.176)。颈淋巴结转移率18.5%,隐性淋巴结转移率10.8%,淋巴结转移是影响预后的重要因素(P<0.001)。结论:对于T3声门型喉癌,单纯手术、单纯放疗与手术 辅助放疗患者生存率无差异;部分喉切除术患者生存率不比全喉切除术低;淋巴结转移影响预后,对cN0患者颈部主张观察;切缘阳性术后加放疗生存率不降低。     

Impact of Using Intra-Operative Ultrasound Guided Breast- Conserving Surgery on Positive Margin and Re-Excision Rates in Breast Cancer Cases with Current SSO/ASTRO Guidelines

Purpose: To review the impact of using intra-operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery with frozen sections on nal pathological margin outcome with the current guidelines set forth by the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) and the American Society of Surgical Oncology (ASTRO). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review including all cases of intra-operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery was performed at the National Cancer Institute Thailand between 2013 and 2016. Patient demographics, tumor variables, intraoperative frozen section and nal pathological margin outcomes were collected. Factors for positive or close margins were analyzed. Results: A total of 86 patients aged between 27 and 75 years with intra- operative ultrasound guided breast conserving surgery were included. Three cases (3.5%) of positive margin were detected by intra-operative frozen section and 4 cases (4.7%) by final pathology reports. There were 18 cases (20.9%) with a close margin (     

An academic health center cost analysis of screening mammography: creating a financially viable service

BACKGROUND: The current study sought to determine the institutional financial impact of a screening mammography (SM) program in the context of an integrated cancer center. METHODS: Using administrative databases, 10,048 women were identified as receiving screening mammograms in fiscal year 1999 and the first one-half of fiscal year 2000. The utilization of breast care resources was followed for an average of 1208 days. The University of Michigan cost accounting system was then used to determine overall margin (revenues-total costs) and contribution margin (revenues-actual costs) of the SM program, as well as other breast care services. RESULTS: The percentage of variable costs to total costs for the SM program was 24%. The overall facility losses in the breast care line were $1.7 million with a positive contribution margin of $2.0 million. The annual yield of nonscreening/diagnostic mammographic procedures was 0.9%. All types of radiologic activity failed to cover their total costs, but did provide a positive contribution margin. Overall margins for surgery procedures were approximately even, and adjuvant medical and radiotherapy services were net positive. Modeling helped to identify overhead limits necessary to achieve margin targets associated with increased activity. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that SM programs are unlikely to succeed financially without careful selection of those screened to increase the yield of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Based on favorable contribution margins, SM programs were viable when viewed as incremental business.     

食管鳞状细胞癌中金属硫蛋白不同亚型mRNA表达的差异

目的探讨金属硫蛋白（MT）亚型MT-1e,MT-2a和MT-3在食管癌组织中的表达规律。方法选取河北医科大学第四医院2008年5月至7月行手术治疗的食管癌患者25例,取其新鲜食管癌组织及相应的切缘＂正常＂黏膜组织,提取RNA,应用RT-PCR分析MT-1e、MT-2a和MT-3 mRNA的表达水平,及其与各临床病理参数之间的关系。结果 MT-3 mRNA在食管＂正常＂组织表达量大于肿瘤组织（P=0.017）。而MT-1e和MT-2a mRNA在食管癌组织及食管切缘＂正常＂组织表达情况无差异（P值分别为0.211和0.714）。食管癌及切缘＂正常＂组织中MT-1e和MT-2a mRNA的表达水平均高于MT-3 mRNA（P值均〈0.05）。三种MT亚型的mRNA水平与患者的性别、肿瘤部位、病理分期、组织分化程度及肿瘤侵犯深度均无关（P值均〉0.05）。结论食管癌及食管＂正常＂组织中不同MT亚型的mRNA表达规律不尽相同。     

Determination of planning target volume for whole stomach irradiation using daily megavoltage computed tomographic images

PurposeWhole stomach radiation therapy is often used in the management of gastric lymphoma. However, very limited data exist with regard to planning target volume requirements for the whole stomach. This study retrospectively analyzed daily megavoltage computed tomographic (CT) scans of gastric lymphoma patients in order to help determine the interfraction variation of the stomach position.Methods and MaterialsForty-one daily megavoltage CT images from 3 gastric lymphoma patients were used for stomach contouring. Each patient's megavoltage CT images were rigidly registered to their CT simulation data sets, and the margin in each direction that covered at least 95% of the daily stomach volumes was computed using a simple grid search. Patient setup variation was also calculated from the daily patient shifts. The organ motion margin was then added to the setup margin to render the total margin.ResultsA uniform margin of 2.2 cm is required to cover 95% of the stomach over the treatment course. However, direction-specific margins were observed from 1.72, 1.88, 0.92, 2.23, 1.90, and 0.86 cm for the right, left, posterior, anterior, superior, and inferior directions, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this study provide helpful 3-dimensional volumetric information to the limited existing data on margin requirements for whole stomach radiation therapy.