肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病的相关危险因素。 方法 收集青海大学附属医院肝胆胰外科 2017 年 10 月至 2019 年 4 月收治的肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病的患者(并发组)以及肝泡型棘球蚴病未并发肺泡型棘球蚴病患者(对照组)的一般资料、实验室和影像学检查资料,分析并发肺泡型棘球蚴病发生的影响因素。 结果 共收集肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病患者 49 例,肝泡型棘球蚴病未并发肺泡型棘球蚴病患者 55 例,两组间性别及年龄构成差异均无统计学意义( χ2 = 2. 164、2. 780, P均>0. 05)。 单因素分析结果提示,HBeAg 以及肝内病灶侵犯肝后下腔静脉、肝动脉、肝静脉和门静脉情况是肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病的影响因素。 二元多因素 Logistic 回归分析结果提示,肝内病灶侵犯肝后下腔静脉和肝内病灶侵犯肝静脉是肝泡型棘球蚴病并发肺泡型棘球蚴病的独立危险因素。 结论 对于肺部病灶界定不明确的肝泡型棘球蚴病患者,可以根据术前肝内病灶影像学特征并结合肺部病灶影像学结果作出判断,进而采取有针对性的干预措施,实现患者临床受益最大化。     

复杂性肝棘球蚴病外科治疗策略研究进展

肝棘球蚴病是一种由棘球属绦虫幼虫所致的人畜共患性疾病。我国主要致病绦虫类型为细粒棘球绦虫和多房棘球绦虫,分别引起细粒棘球蚴病和多房棘球蚴病。目前,棘球蚴病治疗已经取得重大进展,但对于部分就诊时已出现一种或多种并发症以及病灶侵及肝门、重要血管及胆管的复杂性棘球蚴病病例的治疗仍存在一定困难。本文根据近年来文献报道,结合临床经验,对复杂性肝棘球蚴病的外科治疗策略进行综述。［关键词］     

新疆伊犁河谷肝棘球蚴病临床资料分析

目的　探讨新疆伊犁河谷肝棘球蚴病流行病学特点及临床诊治方法。　方法　对 1993～ 2003年伊犁河谷多家医院经手术确诊并治疗的肝棘球蚴病病例进行回顾性分析。　结果　共 2049例肝棘球蚴病患者 ,其中细粒棘球蚴病 1965例占 96% ,泡球蚴病 84例占 4%。所有病例经棘球蚴皮内过敏试验、B超、彩超、X线检查、X线断层照相术 (CT)、磁共振成像术 (MRI)、血清学免疫试验均可确诊。确诊病例经手术治疗2 034例占 99.2 %。其中 ,行肝叶切除术、肝棘球蚴外囊膜内完整切除术、肝棘球蚴囊肿外囊外切除术共 3 0 2例占 14.7% ,无术后复发及并发症。术后服药 (吡喹酮、阿苯达唑、阿苯达唑脂质体 ) 754例占 36.7% ,均有一定疗效。肝棘球蚴病流行病学特点是沿伊犁河谷流行、散布。患者均生活在农牧区 ,均有与牛、羊、狗密切接触史 ,当地各民族人群均有发病 ,女性 1 125例占 5 4%。25～49岁发病率较高为 982例占 48%。 1993-2003年发病率呈逐年下降趋势。　结论　肝棘球蚴病是新疆伊犁地区高发病、多发病 ,沿伊犁河谷流行、散布。应进一步加强病畜管理、改良手术治疗方法 ,积累临床经验。     

手术治疗邻近肝门部肝细粒棘球蚴病效果观察

目的 探讨手术治疗邻近肝门部的肝细粒棘球蚴病的效果。方法 回顾性分析2015年 11月至 2019年1月行外囊完整剥除术、外囊次全切除术及内囊摘除术的 20例共36个邻近肝门部的肝棘球蚴囊肿的手术疗效。结果 4个肝棘球蚴囊肿成功行外囊完整剥除术,30个肝棘球蚴囊肿成功行外囊次全切除术,2个肝棘球蚴囊肿因外囊与肝门血管粘连过于紧密且已经破裂入胆道而行内囊摘除术。肝门部大血管均保存完整,除1例因术前肝棘球蚴囊肿破裂入胆道(行内囊摘除术)而出现术后胆漏以外,余均无残腔并发症发生。结论 对于邻近肝门部的肝细粒棘球蚴病的手术治疗,外囊次全切除术与外囊完整剥除术较传统的内囊摘除术,术后胆漏、残腔感染等并发症发生率相对较低,可优先选择。但是还应根据囊肿的部位、大小及手术中具体情况选择具体的手术方式。     

Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术在肝棘球蚴病精准切除术中的应用价值

目的　探究Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术在指导肝棘球蚴病精准切除术中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析青海省人民医院12例经手术治疗的多房棘球蚴病患者临床资料，所有患者术前均接受Revolution CT上腹平扫+增强检查，将DICOM格式的0.625 mm扫描数据导入人体三维可视化软件（MI?3DVS）进行三维重建、模拟切割、体积测量并制定手术规划。结果　12例患者均完成了三维可视化模型重建，棘球蚴病病灶大小、所在肝段及肝内血管系统均显示清晰，并准确测得全肝体积、棘球蚴病病灶体积、模拟切除体积和残肝比。11例手术患者平均全肝体积为（2 429.8 ± 335.9） mL，平均棘球蚴病病灶体积为（919.6 ± 262.8） mL，实际切除病灶体积与模拟切除病灶体积具有高度相关性（r = 0.979，P < 0.01）。结论　Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术能实现术前准确诊断并制定最佳手术规划，对指导难度较大的肝多房棘球蚴病精准切除术具有重要价值。     

Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术在肝棘球蚴病精准切除术中的应用价值

目的　探究Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术在指导肝棘球蚴病精准切除术中的应用价值。方法　回顾性分析青海省人民医院12例经手术治疗的多房棘球蚴病患者临床资料,所有患者术前均接受Revolution CT上腹平扫+增强检查,将DICOM格式的0.625 mm扫描数据导入人体三维可视化软件（MI?3DVS）进行三维重建、模拟切割、体积测量并制定手术规划。结果　12例患者均完成了三维可视化模型重建,棘球蚴病病灶大小、所在肝段及肝内血管系统均显示清晰,并准确测得全肝体积、棘球蚴病病灶体积、模拟切除体积和残肝比。11例手术患者平均全肝体积为（2 429.8 ± 335.9） mL,平均棘球蚴病病灶体积为（919.6 ± 262.8） mL,实际切除病灶体积与模拟切除病灶体积具有高度相关性（r = 0.979,P < 0.01）。结论　Revolution CT结合三维可视化技术能实现术前准确诊断并制定最佳手术规划,对指导难度较大的肝多房棘球蚴病精准切除术具有重要价值。     

肝细粒棘球蚴病超声影象的病理基础探讨

对98例原发性肝细粒棘球蚴病人,149个肝包虫囊肿进行了超声影象学分型和组织病理学观察。结果表明,超声分型基本上可反映肝细粒棘球蚴囊肿发展阶段的病理特征,可看出随着患者年龄增长,包虫囊肿有由Ⅰ型至Ⅴ型转化的趋势。组织学观察表明,这一转化过程伴随着细粒棘球蚴囊肿自身损伤的逐渐加重。反映了肝细粒棘球蚴囊肿发生、发展和衰亡的规律。结果还表明,在肝细粒棘球蚴病例中,活力基本正常、损伤和死亡的囊肿约各占1/3。上述结果可供肝细粒棘球蚴病化疗中评价疗效时参考。     

手术治疗钙化型肝细粒棘球蚴病的效果观察

目的探讨手术治疗钙化型肝细粒棘球蚴病的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2015年11月-2019年2月于石河子大学医学院第一附属医院行手术治疗(外囊完整剥除术、外囊次全切除术及内囊摘除术)的16例共20个钙化型肝细粒棘球蚴囊肿的临床特点及治疗效果。结果 1例患者行外囊完整剥除术,5例患者行内囊摘除术,10例患者行外囊次全切除术。除1例患者因术前囊肿已破入胆道且外囊壁已存在胆瘘而于术后发生胆漏之外,其余患者术后均未发现残腔积液、感染等残腔并发症及胆漏、黄疸。术后均无死亡、复发病例。结论对于非静止期的钙化型肝细粒棘球蚴病必须手术治疗,外囊完整剥除术并不适用,可优先选用外囊次全切除术,尤其是当出现钙化型肝细粒棘球蚴囊肿邻近肝门部、邻近肝内外大血管及外膜与外囊之间的潜在性腔隙不明显时。而当出现肝细粒棘球蚴囊肿破裂时,可酌情选择内囊摘除术。     

79例肝棘球蚴病患者影像学分析

目的 回顾性分析79例肝棘球蚴病患者的影像学表现,为该病诊断与鉴别诊断提供参考。方法 收集2014-2017年在青海省人民医院行影像学检查并经病理检查证实的79例肝棘球蚴病患者病历资料,对其影像学表现进行回顾性分析。结果 79例肝棘球蚴病患者中,细粒棘球蚴病57例,多房棘球蚴病22例;细粒棘球蚴病患者中,单囊型21例,多子囊型16例,内囊塌陷型9例,实变型4例,钙化型7例。79例患者中,62例为常见影像学征象。单囊型细粒棘球蚴病表现为肝内囊性水样病灶,囊壁薄厚均匀、无强化;多子囊型表现为“囊中囊”、“玫瑰花瓣”、“轮辐征”等;当内囊塌陷分离时表现为“飘带征”、“双环征”等征象;囊壁钙化时呈弧线状、蛋壳状,囊内容物呈现絮状或者整个病灶钙化。多房棘球蚴病表现为肝内实性肿块,密度及信号不均匀,边缘不规则;病灶强化不明显,病灶内散在或者群簇状分布的“小囊泡”,常伴有钙化,整个病灶呈“地图样”外观。另外17例患者表现为复杂少见的影像征象;其中6例细粒棘球蚴病囊内含脂肪,影像表现为囊内单发或多发脂肪密度结节灶,CT值为-28～-84 HU;4例病灶破入胆管,邻近胆管密度增高,胆管壁增厚,周围胆管扩张;4例合并原发性肝癌,影像表现为肝内细粒或多房棘球蚴病合并实性强化肿块,增强呈“快进快出”表现;3例合并感染,影像学表现为囊壁明显增厚且强化明显,其中2例囊内见气体影,1例囊肿合并感染并侵及腹壁。结论 肝棘球蚴病影像学表现复杂多样,在临床工作中需认真分析,做好鉴别诊断。     

肝细粒棘球蚴病合并结核性脓胸误诊为肝 肺细粒棘球蚴病1例

肝细粒棘球蚴病是由细粒棘球绦虫幼虫感染人或动物肝脏组织而引起的一种慢性寄生虫病。结核性脓胸是一种慢性活动性感染性疾病,主要侵犯胸膜间隙引起内脏、壁胸膜增厚。同时感染上述两种疾病的患者较为罕见。本文报道1例肝细粒棘球蚴病合并结核性脓胸误诊为肝、肺细粒棘球蚴病的病例,并结合相关文献进行分析讨论,旨在提高临床医师对该病的鉴别能力。     

Cavernous hemangioma of the liver with giant cyst formation: Degeneration by apoptosis?

Cavernous hemangioma of the liver with cyst formation is a very rare condition. A case of cavernous hemangioma of the liver with unilocular giant cyst formation undergoing surgical removal is reported. Notably, the patient also had Budd-Chiari syndrome with an obstructing lesion in the inferior vena cava. The cystic degeneration of the hemangioma implied a relationship with apoptosis. This is the first reported case of Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by advanced cystic degeneration of hepatic cavernous hemangioma.     

Syndrome de Budd-Chiari : complication rare du kyste hydatique du foie : �� propos de trois cas

Introduction

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infestation due to the development of Echinococcus granulosus in the organism. This disease is particularly frequent in Tunisia where echinococcosis is endemic. Liver is the most common organ to be affected by hydatidosis, and several complications have been described. Vascular complications secondary to hepatic echinococcosis such as Budd-Chiari syndrome have rarely been reported.

Case reports

We report three rare cases of hydatid cyst complicated by Budd-Chiari syndrome. The cyst occupied at least two segments of the hepatic dome in all patients, and its diameter was 12.5, 21 and 12.5 cm, respectively. According to the Gharbi classification, the cysts were type III in one case and type IV in the other two cases. The Budd-Chiari syndrome was chronic in one patient and asymptomatic in other cases. The diagnosis was established by abdominal ultrasound (US) in two cases, confirmed by Doppler US and CT angiogram in one patient and by CT angiogram in the other. The diagnosis was established only by CT angiogram in the third case. The Budd-Chiari syndrome was due to the compression of two hepatic veins in one case, compression of inferior vena cava in one case and compression of one hepatic vein and inferior vena cava in another case. Laparotomy was performed in all patients. The surgical procedure comprised the resection of the protruding hepatic tissue after puncture aspiration of the cyst in all the three cases. The postoperative period was complicated by abscess formation in residual cavity, requiring drainage, and by the development of ascites in one case.

Conclusion

Hydatid cyst should be suspected amongst the causes of Budd-Chiari syndrome in countries where the disease is endemic. Conversely, this vascular complication should be looked for routinely in patients with hydatid disease of the liver.     

CT动态增强扫描诊断肝窦阻塞综合征的临床价值及意义

目的探讨CT动态增强扫描对肝窦阻塞综合征(HSOS)的诊断价值。方法纳入经活组织检查及影像学确诊的HSOS、布-加综合征(BCS)及肝硬化患者51例,分别利用CT动态增强扫描结果、巴尔的摩标准再次诊断HSOS,对比两者诊断效果。结果 HSOS的典型CT表现包括CT平扫呈肝大、密度减低;增强扫描动脉期可见肝动脉血管增粗扭曲;门静脉期呈"地图状"改变、肝静脉不清、下腔静脉及门静脉呈"晕征"或"轨道征"、下腔静脉肝段扁平等;延迟期强化范围增大。CT对HSOS的诊断敏感性0.857,优于巴尔的摩标性0.500,CT对HSOS诊断特异性0.811,差于巴尔的摩标准0.946。CT与巴尔的摩标准对HSOS的诊断准确率接近,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论早期诊断HSOS时,CT动态增强扫描是巴尔的摩标准的有力补充。     

The clinical and surgical features of right-sided intracardiac masses due to echinococcosis

Right-sided cardiac echinococcosis shows special clinical and surgical features beyond the rareness of echinococcosis in this position, leading to serious and life-threatening complications. We examined our cardiac hydatid cyst patients, retrospectively, and report our experience of the surgical treatment of right-sided cardiac hydatid cysts. Between 1985 and 2000, seven patients were transferred to our department from the cardiology department with a diagnosis of cystic cardiac masses which were highly suspected of being hydatid cysts. Two were males and 5 were females. In 3 patients the hydatid cyst was located in the right ventricle, and one was in the right atrium. The mean age of the patients was 37 years (ranging from 12 to 60 years). One patient had preoperative pulmonary emboli. In all right-sided cardiac echinococcosis patients, cardiopulmonary bypass was used. All cysts were cleaned after quilting the cystic cavities, and daughter cysts were removed carefully. The cavities were closed with purse-string sutures. Postoperatively, one patient had pulmonary emboli. In all patients, mebendazole was administered postoperatively. When a right-sided cardiac hydatid cyst is diagnosed, early surgical treatment should be performed under open-heart surgery conditions. During the operation, a single cannula in the superior vena cava should be used until fibrillation, and after clamping, the cannula for the pulmonary artery inferior vena cava should be inserted.     

Retrohepatic vena cava replacement of hepatic malignancies without using total hepatic vascular exclusion or extracorporeal bypass.

Total hepatic vascular exclusion and venovenous bypass are frequently used surgical procedures when concomitant resection of the inferior vena cava is required during surgery of liver cancer involving the retrohepatic inferior vena cava close to the hepatic veins. However, the duration of total hepatic vascular exclusion is limited due to the risk of hepatic ischemia. Three patients presented with severely compressed inferior vena cava and/or hepatic veins due to liver cancer. The surgical procedure involved initial taping of the inferior vena cava just below the hepatic veins by extrahepatic division and taping of the hepatic veins. After taping the inferior vena cava, hepatectomy with caval resection was performed by simply clamping the retrohepatic inferior vena cava, without the need for total hepatic vascular exclusion or venovenous bypass. In all patients the retrohepatic inferior vena cava were safely replaced with a prosthetic graft under stable hemodynamics. Duration of the inferior vena cava clamping was 31, 66, 75 minutes, respectively. No graft-related complications occurred, but 2 of the 3 patients showed temporal renal dysfunction associated with renal congestion postoperatively. The surgical procedure described herein is effective for the treatment of retrohepatic inferior vena cava in some patients. However, when the case is complicated by chronic nephropathy or simultaneous nephrectomy is required, venovenous bypass should be performed.     

Reconstruction of cavopulmonary pathway for the patient with persistent arteriovenous malformations due to offset flow from hepatic vein

The hypoxemia caused by arteriovenous malformations after cavopulmonary shunt in patients with heterotaxy, an interrupted inferior vena cava and single ventricle physiology have been treated by incorporation of hepatic vein flow into the pulmonary circulation. However, some patients have persistent arteriovenous malformations because of offset hepatic venous flow to one pulmonary artery. Various approaches have been used to change offset flow to achieve balanced hepatic flow to the lungs in this patient population. This case report highlights the challenges that may be associated with anastomosis of the azygos vein to the inferior vena cava at the level of the diaphragm and illustrates an alternative technique to direct hepatic venous blood into an affected lung with arteriovenous malformations. The redirection of hepatic venous flow to the affected pulmonary artery resulted in resolution of symptoms within months of surgery.     

肝包虫病与肝囊肿CT表现比较*

目的 探讨使用256排CT检查在鉴别肝包虫病与肝囊肿方面的临床价值。方法 2017年4月～2020年11月我院诊治的肝囊肿患者77例和肝包虫病患者34例接受256排CT增强扫描检查,采用ELISA法检测血清抗囊液抗原抗体(EgCF)、抗头节抗原抗体(EgP)、抗囊液半纯化抗原抗体(EgB)和抗泡球蚴抗体(Em2)。结果 本组肝包虫病患者术前血液嗜酸性粒细胞计数为(0.3±0.1)×10⁹/L,显著高于肝囊肿患者【(0.1±0.1)×10⁹/L,P＜0.05】;肝包虫病患者血清抗EgCF抗体和抗EgB抗体阳性率分别为85.3%和61.8%,均显著高于肝囊肿患者【分别为31.2%和0.0%,P＜0.05】;增强CT扫描,肝包虫病患者肝内存在类圆形、圆形或分叶状囊性灶,囊壁钙化;在入组的111例患者中,CT检查将3例(2.7%)肝包虫病误诊为肝囊肿,1例(1.0%)肝包虫病被误诊为肝转移癌,2例(1.8%)肝囊肿被误诊为肝包虫病。结论 CT检查能很好地显示肝包虫病囊性病灶的影像学特征,对鉴别肝包虫病与肝囊肿有帮助,为临床治疗提供可靠的影像学依据。