19例结直肠胃肠道间质瘤的外科治疗

目的:探讨结直肠的胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)外科治疗效果及其影响因素.方法:对我院1990年1月至2004年3月首次治疗的19例结直肠GIST临床资料和病理切片(含免疫组织化学检查)重新复核并加以随访,分析手术切除的效果以及影响手术疗效的因素.结果:手术者中位生存时间为60.0个月,术后1、3、5年生存率分别为100%、79.3%和69.4%.非扩大切除术者(即肿瘤局部切除和肿瘤及所在器官切除)与扩大切除术者比较,差异有显著性(P=0.001).完全切除术患者的生存率与肿瘤大小、病理类型、核分裂和复发转移有关;但多因素COX回归分析显示,术后生存率仅与肿瘤大小、核分裂和复发转移相关(P＜0.05).结论:结直肠GIST仍以外科治疗为主,原则上行局部完全切除即可.     

内镜下结直肠神经鞘瘤诊断与治疗

目的:旨在探讨内镜下结直肠神经鞘瘤的诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析2011年03月至2017年03月期间中国医科大学附属盛京医院11例结直肠神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料、肿瘤特征、治疗、病理、免疫组化和随访情况。结果:4例结直肠神经鞘瘤位于乙状结肠、3例位于直肠、4例位于横结肠。11例神经鞘瘤患者结肠镜下表现为黏膜下肿物或表面发黄的息肉样改变,其中8例黏膜下神经鞘瘤超声内镜下表现为起源于固有肌层的低回声肿物。11例患者均在内镜下完全切除肿物,其中3例行内镜下黏膜切除术,2例行内镜黏膜下剥离术,6例行内镜下全层切除术,术后均无并发症出现,随访期间均未发现复发或转移。结论:内镜及超声内镜对于诊断结直肠神经鞘瘤有一定的价值,内镜下治疗结直肠神经鞘瘤是安全有效的。     

内镜下切除结直肠癌后追加根治手术相关风险探究

[目的]探讨评估结直肠肿瘤行内镜下切除后患者需追加根治手术的相关风险因素。[方法]2005年1月至2012年6月宁波市第二医院肌肠外科行内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）和内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）治疗结直肠肿瘤患者其186例,其中追加根治性手术患者共63例,包括ESD41例。EMR22例。回顾性统计资料包括患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、数目、直径、形态、切除方式、浸润深度、组织分化、切缘特点等．随访术后恢复情况．探讨内镜下治疗临床早期结直肠癌需追加根治性手术的相关风险因素。[结果]根据有无追加根治性手术分为两组,即单纯内镜治疗组和内镜治疗＋追加手术组．两组患者性别、年龄方面无显著统计学差异。单因素危险分析结果显示,肿瘤部位、大小、肿瘤形态和切除方式是影响早期结直肠癌患行内镜治疗效果的危险因素。[结论]抬举征阳性、肿瘤位于结肠近侧、隆起型和分块切除是影响内镜下切除结直肠癌后根治性切除重要的因素,有必要积极追加手术。     

结肠镜下结直肠腺瘤切除术后再发风险预测模型的建立和验证

目的:分析结肠镜下结直肠腺瘤切除术后再发的危险因素,构建并验证预测结直肠腺瘤切除术后再发风险的列线图模型。方法:回顾性收集西安市中心医院消化科2012年01月至2021年12月于结肠镜下行结直肠腺瘤切除术且在术后有结肠镜随访结果的患者968例,其中496例组成建模组,472例组成验证组。应用logistic回归模型分析结直肠腺瘤切除术后再发的独立危险因素,并构建预测结直肠腺瘤切除术后再发风险的列线图模型,然后进行验证。结果:多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.027,95%CI:1.007～1.048)、腺瘤数目(OR=1.232,95%CI:1.123～1.353)、病理分型(OR=2.442,95%CI:1.342～4.441)为影响腺瘤术后再发的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。纳入上述指标构建列线图预测模型,并在建模组和验证组中进行验证。建模组与验证组ROC曲线下面积分别为0.670 (95%CI:0.622～0.718)和0.735(95%CI:0.691～0.780),模型区分度良好。两组校准曲线显示列线图模型的预测值和实际观察结果一致性良好。决策曲线显示...     

直肠类癌的局部切除

类癌瘤和类癌是一种神经内分泌肿瘤。临床上发生于直肠的类癌较少见，江苏省肿瘤医院普外科结直肠外科应用直肠局部切除术治疗早期直肠类癌9例，分析报道如下。     

胆囊疾病与结直肠腺瘤及结直肠癌关系的研究进展

在中国,结直肠癌（CRC）的发病率较高,疾病负担较为严重。胆囊疾病（包括胆囊结石、胆囊息肉、胆囊切除术后状态）在临床中较为常见,近几年来,大量研究认为胆囊疾病与CRC及结直肠腺瘤（CRA）有关,但也存在争议。胆囊结石及胆囊息肉与结直肠肿瘤之间的关系可能与它们存在共同的危险因素有关,例如肥胖、脂代谢异常、高龄等,有学者提出胆囊疾病可能通过影响胆汁酸代谢、微生物菌群改变及炎症反应等促进结直肠肿瘤的发生发展。本文就胆囊疾病与CRA和CRC关系的研究进展及可能存在的机制进行综述。     

结直肠肿瘤患者血清与组织胃泌素的放免检测

本文连续动态检测了42例结直肠癌、28例结直肠腺瘤患者术前、术后及术后半年以上血清胃泌素（GAS）水平，并对8树结直肠癌标本组织内胃泌素含量进行了检测。结果表明：结直肠癌和结直肠腺瘤患者具有明显的高胃泌素血症（血清GAS水平分别为192.4±103.1Pg／ml，134.95±103.95Pg／ml），明显高于对照组（77．14±39．9Pg／ml）（P＜0．01，P＜0．05），癌肿或腺瘤切除术后血清GAS水平则下降至接近正常水平，但术后半年以上又分别回升接近其术前水平。癌肿组织内GAS含量（10．74±4．9Pg／g）和癌肿边缘粘膜内含量（8．2±3．6Pg／g）差异无显著性，但两者均显著高于距癌肿5cm处粘膜内含量（4．4±0．8Pg／g）。表明肿瘤分泌GAS是高胃泌素血症的主要机制，GAS检测有助于结直肠肿瘤的诊断、手术效果判断和术后监测，癌肿切除至少应在距癌肿5cm之外，并提出了对结直肠肿瘤患者行抗胃泌素治疗的可行性。关键词##4胃泌素;;高胃泌素血症;;结直肠肿瘤;;放免检测     

手术室护理干预对腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者恢复的影响

目的探讨手术室护理干预对腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者恢复的影响。方法选取2013年10月至2014年10月间苏州大学附属第二医院收治的312例腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组156例。观察组患者实施手术室护理干预,对照组患者实施手术室常规护理,比较两组患者护理前后的心理状况、术后恢复情况、不良反应和护理满意度。结果护理后,两组患者汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者HAMA评分、HAMD评分、术后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、不良事件发生率均明显低于对照组,术后下床活动时间、术后肛门排气时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、肠蠕动恢复时间均明显早于对照组,术后住院时间明显少于对照组,护理满意度明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论手术室护理干预可明显缩短腹腔镜下结直肠肿瘤切除术患者的术后恢复时间,具有较高的安全性,更易为患者所接受。     

2019—2020年湖南省城市居民结直肠癌筛查参与率、病变检出率及其影响因素分析

摘 要：［目的］ 分析湖南省城市癌症早诊早治项目中部分结直肠癌高危人群的结肠镜检查参与率和病变检出情况及其相关影响因素。［方法］ 基于2019—2020年湖南省城市癌症早诊早治项目,纳入部分符合研究要求的45~74岁受试者。所有受试者均接受流行病学问卷调查并进行癌症风险评估,推荐评估结果为结直肠癌高风险的人群在项目医院进行结肠镜检查。采用χ2检验比较一般人群和结直肠癌高危人群的特征差异;采用Logistic回归模型分析与结肠镜检查参与率相关的影响因素以及与结肠肿瘤检出率相关风险因素。［结果］ 22 893名筛查目标人群中,1 926名被判定为结直肠癌高风险,高风险率为8.4%。523名高风险人群按照研究要求接受了结肠镜检查,参与率为27.2%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示年龄、吸烟史、运动习惯和肠道疾病家族史是结肠镜检查参与率的影响因素。523名接受结肠镜检查的受试者中检出各类结直肠肿瘤142例（27.2%）。 多因素Logistic回归分析结果提示年龄和吸烟史是结直肠肿瘤检出率的影响因素,与45~49岁人群相比,60~64岁（OR=2.90,95%CI：1.25~7.22）以及65~69岁（OR=2.93,95%CI：1.24~7.43）人群结肠镜肿瘤检出率显著升高;与不吸烟人群相比,吸烟或已戒烟的人群（OR=1.90,95%CI：1.10~3.36）结肠镜肿瘤检出率更高。［结论］ 湖南省城市地区高危人群的结直肠癌筛查参与率仍处于较低水平,但在高危人群开展结肠镜筛查可检出较高比例的结直肠肿瘤,取得了较好的筛查效果。在未来的人群结直肠癌筛查项目中,对特定高风险群体开展健康宣教,提高其防癌健康素养和筛查参与率是亟待解决的关键问题。     

腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤切除术的安全性评价

临床中,针对结直肠肿瘤多选择手术治疗,但开腹手术切口较大,对机体易产生较大损伤,而且术后易发生感染、疼痛等情况,影响机体康复速度[1-3]。近些年来,微创手术在临床应用率逐步升高,本文旨在观察腹腔镜结直肠肿瘤切除术的安全性与可行性。1资料与方法1.1一般资料收集2016年5月至2020年5月收治的结直肠肿瘤患者60例,通过平均分配的方法,划分为2组。     

结、直肠癌腹腔镜手术与开放手术的临床对比分析

目的比较结、直肠癌腹腔镜手术与开放手术的优缺点,探讨腹腔镜在结、直肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法结、直肠癌患者234例,其中腹腔镜手术组103例,开放手术组131例,两组进行对比分析。结果腹腔镜手术组平均手术时间长,术中失血量少,术后排气时间、进食时间、下地活动时间早,住院时间短（均P〈0．05）。两组切除肿瘤直径、切除肠系膜淋巴结数、Dixon术肿瘤距下切端长度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腹腔镜手术组患者肠系膜的完整性比开放手术组好（P〈0．001）。结论经腹腔镜行结、直肠癌手术安全可行,术中出血少,胃肠功能恢复快、住院时间短,近期效果满意。     

Performance of individual and joint risk stratification by an environmental risk score and a genetic risk score in a colorectal cancer screening setting

Early detection of colorectal neoplasms can reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer by timely intervention of individuals at high risk. Our aim was to evaluate a joint environmental-genetic risk score as a risk stratification tool for early detection of advanced colorectal neoplasm (ACRN). Known environmental risk factors and high-risk genetic loci were summarized into risk scores for ACRN in 1014 eligible participants of a screening study. The performances of single and joint environmental-genetic scores were evaluated with estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the absolute risk, relative risk and predictive ability using the area under the curve (AUC). Individuals with higher environmental risk scores showed increasing ACRN risk, with 3.1-fold for intermediate risk and 4.8-fold for very high risk, compared to the very low environmental risk group. Similarly, individuals with higher genetic risk scores showed increasing ACRN risk, with 2.2-fold for intermediate risk and 3.5-fold for very high risk, compared to the lowest genetic risk group. Moreover, the joint environmental–genetic score improved the ACRN risk stratification and showed higher predictive values (AUC = 0.64; 95%CI = 0.60–0.67) with substantial difference (p = 0.0002) compared to the single environmental score (0.58; 0.55–0.62). The integration of environmental and genetic factors looks promising for improving targeting individuals at high-risk of colorectal neoplasm. Applications in practical screening programs require optimization with additional genetic and other biomarkers involved in colorectal carcinogenesis.     

结直肠癌伴同时肝转移患者同期切除术后预后风险模型的创建及应用

目的:探讨结直肠癌伴同时肝转移（synchronous colorectal liver metastasis,sCRLM）患者接受原发肿瘤和肝转移灶同期切除术后的预后风险因素,并建立sCRLM术后的预后风险模型。方法:回顾性分析127例在我院接受原发肿瘤和肝转移灶同期切除的sCRLM患者的临床病理学因素,采用单因素和多因素Cox模型分析方法确定总生存期（overall survival,OS）和肝无复发生存时间（recurrence-free survival,RFS）的独立预后因素,根据Cox模型的风险比(hazard ratio,HR）对独立因素赋值,从而建立OS和肝RFS的新预后风险模型。根据新模型将患者分为低、中和高风险组,各组间生存差异采用Log-rank检验。ROC曲线下面积用于比较新风险模型和Fong临床风险评分的预后预测能力。结果:本研究中位随访期23.4个月,多因素Cox分析确定下列4个因素为OS较差的独立预后因素,并根据HR值对各危险因素赋值:原发肿瘤淋巴结转移≥4个（P=0.047,1分）,CEA≥200 ng/ml（P=0.023,2分）,TBS 3~8分（P=0.048,1分）和TBS≥9分（P=0.021,2分）。根据下列标准建立OS的预后风险模型:低风险组（0~1分）、中风险组（2~3分）和高风险组（≥4分）。新风险模型OS的预后预测能力优于Fong临床风险评分（AUC:0.726 vs 0.564)。多因素Cox分析确定下列2个因素为肝RFS较差的独立预后因素,根据HR值赋值如下:肝转移灶双叶分布（P=0.020,1分）和TBS≥9分（P=0.016,2分）。结论:本研究纳入接受同期手术切除的sCRLM患者创建了预后风险模型,用于评估sCRLM患者术后的OS和肝RFS。低风险组患者术后的生存情况（OS和肝RFS）优于高风险组,其预测能力尚需前瞻性临床模型进一步验证。     

Prognostic relevance of occult tumour cells in lymph nodes in colorectal cancer.

AIMS: Presently, in Europe the treatment of node-negative colorectal cancer (CRC) patients consists of surgical resection of the primary tumour without adjuvant systemic therapy. However, up to 30% of these patients will develop disease recurrence. These high-risk patients are possibly identified by occult tumour cell (OTC) assessment in lymph nodes. In this paper, studies on the clinical relevance of OTC in lymph nodes are reviewed. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in the National Library of Medicine by using the keywords colonic, rectal, colorectal, neoplasm, adenocarcinoma, cancer, lymph node, polymerase chain reaction, mRNA, immunohistochemistry, micrometastases and isolated tumour cells. Additional articles were identified by cross-referencing from papers retrieved in the initial search. RESULTS: The upstaging percentages through OTC assessment and the prognostic relevance of OTC in lymph nodes vary among studies, which is related to differences in techniques used to detect OTC. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that OTC examination techniques should be standardized to illuminate whether OTC in lymph nodes can reliably identify high-risk node-negative patients.     

应用COX比例风险模型对大肠癌切除术后预后影响因素的分析

目的探讨大肠癌手术切除后预后影响因素。方法对523例非手术死亡的大肠癌手术切除后患者进行研究。选择11个可能对大肠癌术后产生影响的特征性因素,通过计算机COX比例风险模型,利用累计生存率对大肠癌预后进行多因素分析。结果5年随访率为92.5%。全组3年生存率为57.2%,5年生存率为42.7%。结果表明,影响预后的主要因素是淋巴结转移、Duke’s分期、肿瘤侵袭深度、肿瘤长径和组织类型(P<0.0001)。结论大肠癌的淋巴结转移状况是手术切除术后影响预后的最重要因素,要提高生存率必须加强区域淋巴结的处理。     

Detection of stool DNA mutations before and after treatment of colorectal neoplasia

BACKGROUND: Whether stool DNA abnormalities arise solely from colorectal neoplastic lesions or are due to more pervasive field effects is not known. In the current study, the authors conducted a prospective multicenter study to evaluate the performance of stool-based DNA testing in a large cohort and to examine whether the findings before treatment persist after surgical resection and/or adjuvant therapy. METHODS: Patients with newly diagnosed colorectal carcinoma or advanced adenomas (AA) provided stool samples before therapy, 1-3 months after surgical resection, and 6-9 months postresection. Stool samples were analyzed using the multi-target DNA assay panel (MTAP) consisting of 23 markers: 21 mutations in the p53, K-ras, and APC genes, a microsatellite instability marker (BAT-26), and the DNA integrity assay (DIA), a marker of loss of apoptosis. RESULTS: Overall, 49 of 91 individuals (54%) tested positive with the MTAP test. The sensitivity of the MTAP test was 63% for invasive tumors compared with 26% for AA. Individuals whose lesions had a more advanced TNM stage or were located distal to the splenic flexure were significantly more likely to have a positive MTAP test. Of the 79 samples collected at 1-3 months after surgical resection of the neoplasm, 14 (18%) had a positive MTAP result, 12 of which were positive for DIA only. Of those collected at 6-9 months of follow-up, 5 of 72 (7%) tested positive on the MTAP panel. CONCLUSIONS: Although many samples collected 1-3 months after surgical resection of the colorectal neoplasm tested positive on the MTAP, most were negative by 6-9 months, indicating that stool DNA abnormalities disappear after treatment of the neoplastic lesions. Surgery and chemoradiation appear to induce transient DIA abnormalities that may be independent of the presence of neoplasia.     

Clinical impact of different detection methods for disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow of patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases: a prospective follow-up study

Background  

Large number of patients with colorectal liver metastasis show recurrent disease after curative surgical resection. Identification of these high-risk patients may guide therapeutic strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow from patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases can predict clinical outcome.     

Circulating tumor cells in high-risk nonmetastatic colorectal cancer

The identification of patients at higher risk of recurrence after primary colorectal cancer resection is currently one of the challenges facing medical oncologists. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) may represent a surrogate marker of an early spread of disease in patients without overt metastases. Thirty-seven high-risk stages II–III colorectal cancer patients were evaluated for the presence of CTC. Enumeration of CTCs in 7.5 ml of blood was carried out with the FDA-cleared CellSearch system. CTC count was performed after primary tumor resection and before the start of adjuvant therapy. CTC was detected in 22 % of patients with a significant correlation with regional lymph nodes involvement and stage of disease. No significant correlation was found among the presence of CTC and other clinicopathological parameters. These data suggest that CTCs detection might help in the selection of high-risk stage II colorectal cancer patient candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.     

Colorectal adenomas containing invasive carcinoma. Pathologic assessment of lymph node metastatic potential

Adenomas that contain early invasive carcinoma (ACIC) represent the earliest form of clinically relevant cancer of the colorectum in most patients. In order to assess the incidence of nodal metastases of ACIC, we studied 31 patients in whom the colon was resected after endoscopic polypectomy (EP) done from 1975 to 1987. We also reviewed the pathologic features reported in individual cases and in literature series of ACIC with lymph node metastases published from 1958 to 1986. The lymph node metastatic potential of ACIC is relatively high, ranging from an average value of 8.5% in the literature of to 16.1% in our own study, and is equivalent to the range of 10%-17% that occurs in colorectal carcinomas that invade the submucosa. When an ACIC is seen in an EP specimen in which the polypectomy margin is normal, the decision as to whether the patient should enter a follow-up protocol or have radical surgical resection is determined by the assessment of the probability of the occurrence of nodal metastases. According to several authors, certain histopathologic features make it possible to distinguish between an ACIC with a high-risk of nodal metastases versus those with a low-risk. The most relevant pathologic parameters include the state of the resection margins, the grade of the invasive carcinoma, and the presence or absence of vascular invasion. Of 351 cases of ACIC that were operated on, derived from 16 literature series, 45.6% were high-risk cases and 8.5% had lymph node metastases. In our group of high-risk ACIC that had surgical resection subsequently, the lymph node metastatic rate was 35.7%. Our results help to estimate the nodal metastatic potential of early colorectal carcinomas and stress the importance of adequate pathologic evaluation in order to assess metastatic risk in these patients accurately.     

3例家族性腺瘤性息肉病家系诊治分析

目的 分析一家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）家系的临床表型,对显性发病患者确定结肠镜随访间隔时间,探讨大数量切除结肠息肉的安全性与临床意义。 方法 在确定先证者后,对该家族成年成员进行结肠镜检查,对发现的显性发病患者进行结肠息肉的结肠镜下治疗以及随访。 结果 该家系成员共25人,其中女性14人,男性11人;显性发病3人,均属于传统型FAP,其中女性2人,男性1人且为其中1位女性之子;向上家系追溯,该家系有3位女性发病且故于结肠癌。自2007年10月至2012年11月,对3例显性发病患者共进行结肠镜随访与治疗27次,切除息肉1 801枚,除2枚（2.5 cm和3.0 cm）分别进行息肉剥脱+圈套切除术外,其余息肉均采用高频电圈套法、热活检钳摘除与灼除等方式。在集中处理高危息肉后,结肠镜随访间隔时间为每6月1次。手术过程安全,随访中未发现癌变腺瘤,但发现高危腺瘤（伴鱼鳞样黏膜）。结论 结肠镜下大数量切除结肠息肉具有较高的安全性,此种方式对不接受结肠手术的人群具有临床意义。从预防角度初步确定结肠镜随访间隔时间为6月,但需要进一步探讨,包括同时增加药物预防措施。