胶质瘤患者外周血 DNA 修复基因甲基化与蛋白表达的相关性

目的：探讨胶质瘤患者O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA-甲基转移酶（ O6-Methylguanine -DNA methyltransferase,MGMT）及人类错配修复基因 MSH2（Human mutS homolog2,hMSH2）蛋白表达与外周血相应基因启动子甲基化的相关性。方法分别采用免疫组化法及甲基化特异性PCR （ MSP ）检测275例胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织MGMT、hMSH2蛋白的表达及外周血中这两个基因启动子甲基化情况。结果脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤组织MGMT和hMSH2蛋白阴性表达率分别为47．2％和62．5％;基因启动子区甲基化阳性率分别为41．8％和22．4％。统计学分析显示外周血MGMT基因启动子甲基化与肿瘤组织蛋白阴性表达相关（P＜0．05）。 hMSH2基因启动子甲基化与肿瘤组织hMSH2蛋白表达不具有相关性（P＞0．05）。结论 MGMT基因甲基化是脑胶质瘤发生过程中常见的分子事件,可能与胶质瘤的发生有关;而hMSH2基因启动子甲基化可能并不是胶质瘤hMSH2蛋白失活的主要原因,可能存在其他重要因素影响其表达。     

胶质瘤MGMT启动子甲基化及其临床意义

目的 分析O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（MGMT）基因启动子甲基化状态及其与胶质瘤临床病理特征、预后的关系。方法 收集2012年1月至2013年6月间行手术治疗的70例胶质瘤组织和14例非肿瘤患者正常脑组织，采用甲基化特异性 PCR法（MSP）检测MGMT甲基化水平，分析其与胶质瘤临床病理特征的关系。比较不同MGMT甲基化状态的高、低级别胶质瘤患者的总生存（OS），Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响低级别胶质瘤患者的OS的因素。结果 70例胶质瘤患者中48例（68.6％）MGMT基因启动子甲基化，而正常脑组织标本中仅2例（14.3％）MGMT甲基化，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。MGMT甲基化与年龄、性别、肿瘤类型、KPS评分、p53和Ki-67表达无关（P＞0.05）；与病理分级有关（P＜0.05）。低级别脑胶质瘤患者中，MGMT甲基化患者中位OS为30个月，明显长于非甲基化者的11个月，差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。单因素分析显示WHO病理分级、烷化剂化疗、MGMT甲基化与低级别脑胶质瘤患者OS有关（P＜0.05）。多因素分析WHOⅡ级、未接受烷化剂化疗、MGMT非甲基化是影响低级别胶质瘤患者OS的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 MGMT甲基化与胶质瘤的发生、发展有关，在判断胶质瘤恶性度、评估预后及指导临床治疗方面具有一定的价值。     

GM-CSF在替莫唑胺抗高级别胶质瘤中的作用

目的 探讨粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GMCSF）在替莫唑胺（temozolomide, TMZ）抗高级别胶质瘤中的作用及机制。方法 选取6例高级别胶质瘤患者来源的肿瘤组织培养肿瘤细胞,待细胞状态稳定后采用MTT法进行细胞增殖毒性实验,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化和细胞凋亡情况,甲基化特异性PCR和免疫组织化学染色法分别检测六氧甲基鸟嘌呤DNA甲基转移酶（O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, MGMT）基因启动子甲基化状态和MGMT蛋白表达水平。 结果 MTT实验显示,GM-CSF处理组的细胞存活率与对照组相比均有不同程度的增加。MGMT基因启动子甲基化的3例细胞,GM-CSF+TMZ组的细胞存活率比TMZ组显著降低（P<0.05）,另3例MGMT启动子非甲基化细胞,GM-CSF+TMZ组与TMZ组相比,其存活率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。6例细胞GM-CSF组的G1期细胞比例均比对照组降低,而S期细胞比例GMCSF处理组较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）。流式细胞仪凋亡检测显示,MGMT启动子甲基化的3例细胞,GM-CSF+TMZ组凋亡率与单药TMZ组凋亡率相比均显著增加（P<0.05）,而MGMT非甲基化细胞GM-CSF+TMZ组与单药TMZ组凋亡率相比无统计学差异。结论 GM-CSF可通过诱导高级别胶质瘤细胞快速进入细胞周期,显著提高TMZ对MGMT基因启动子甲基化的高级别胶质瘤细胞的杀伤作用,而对MGMT基因启动子非甲基化高级别胶质瘤细胞的作用不明显。     

胶质瘤组织中DNA修复基因MGMT启动子区过甲基化研究

背景与目的：O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,MGMT）是肿瘤细胞产生亚硝脲药物抗药性的分子基础，启动子区过甲基化而导致MGMT基因的转灵失活，影响MGMT蛋白表达，本研究探索了胶质瘤组织中MGMT基因启动子区过甲基化状态及其与MGMT蛋白表达的关系。方法：采用甲基化特异性聚集合酶链反应分析胶质瘤组织中MGMT基因启动子区过甲基化状态，同时采用免疫组织化学法分析胶质瘤组织中MGMT蛋白表达情况。结果：在27例胶质瘤患者的肿瘤组织标本中，18例MGMT蛋白表达呈阳性的胶质瘤组织中7例MGMT基因启动甲基化，阳性率为38.9%；9例MGMT蛋白表达呈阴性的胶质瘤组织中7例MGMT基因启动子甲基化、阳性率为77.8%（P〈0.05）。结论：MGMT基因启动子区的甲基化状态与MGMT蛋白的表达相关，MGMT基因启动子过甲基化，MGMT蛋白表达较低；MGMT基因启动子去甲基化，MGMT蛋白表达较高。     

少突胶质细胞瘤中染色体1p/19q联合缺失与MGMT基因启动子甲基化的相关性

目的 研究少突胶质细胞瘤染色体1p/19q联合缺失与MGMT基因启动子甲基化的相关性。方法 选取少突胶质细胞瘤35例、间变型少突胶质细胞瘤32例标本作为实验组,星形细胞瘤20例及瘤旁正常脑组织标本20例作为对照组,荧光原位杂交方法检测染色体1p/19q联合缺失情况,巢式甲基化特异性PCR技术检测MGMT基因启动子甲基化情况。结果 少突胶质细胞瘤和间变型少突胶质细胞瘤1p/19q联合缺失率分别为85.71%、75.00%,均显著高于星形细胞瘤及正常脑组织（P<0.05）;少突胶质细胞瘤、间变型少突胶质细胞瘤、星形细胞瘤的MGMT基因启动子甲基化率均显著高于正常脑组织（P<0.05）,但三者组间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;少突胶质细胞瘤1p/19q联合缺失与MGMT基因启动子甲基化呈正相关性,并且均与患者3年生存率相关（P<0.05）。结论 少突胶质细胞瘤中1p/19q联合缺失与MGMT基因启动子甲基化状态密切相关,联合检测有助于提高临床病理诊断的精确性,更好地评估预后。     

MGMT基因启动子甲基化检测在脑胶质瘤化疗中的意义

背景与目的：如何预测和克服肿瘤细胞对化疗药物的耐药性,实施个体化治疗是肿瘤化疗急需解决的问题。与基因启动子甲基化密切相关的DNA损伤修复基因O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（O^6-methylguanine-DNA methyhransferase,MGMT）表观沉默与肿瘤对烷化剂药物化疗敏感性密切相关。本研究探讨检测MGMT基因启动子CpG岛甲基化在判断脑胶质瘤患者预后及预测肿瘤对烷化剂药物耐药性中的意义。方法：甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）法检测脑胶质瘤组织及肿瘤细胞株MGMT基因启动子甲基化状态,蛋白印迹和免疫组化法测定蛋白表达。MTF法检测肿瘤细胞株对烷化剂药物敏感性,将患者随访资料针对MGMT甲基化状态绘制Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,并进行log—rank检验分析。结果：39例脑胶质瘤患者组织MGMT基因启动子甲基化发生率为46．2％,蛋白表达阳性率为61．5％,且肿瘤组织中MGMT基因甲基化状态与蛋白表达显著相关（P〈0．05）：6例正常组织均未检测出基因甲基化。MGMT基因过甲基化的脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞株用5-Aza-CdR处理后完全脱甲基化．MGMT蛋白恢复了表达,同时细胞株对烷化剂药物敏感性也发生逆转．由敏感转变为耐受。在采用手术、放疗和烷化剂尼莫司汀化疗等综合治疗的39例脑胶质瘤患者中,MGMT基因甲基化的患者生存率显著高于MGMT基因未甲基化患者（P〈0．05）。结论：MGMT基因甲基化状态与蛋白表达及肿瘤细胞对烷化剂药物敏感性密切相关,有可能替代MGMT蛋白检测成为判断脑胶质瘤患者预后和预测肿瘤对烷化剂化疗耐药性的标志分子。     

人原发胶质母细胞瘤组织中NF-κB、TP53及MGMT甲基化与MGMT蛋白表达的相关性研究

背景与目的：胶质瘤化疗敏感性与一些分子表达相关。本研究检测和分析原发性胶质母细胞瘤（glioblastoma multifolille,GBM）患者肿瘤组织中核因子κB（NF-κB）、突变型P53（TP53）及O^6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶｜（O^6-methylguanine—DNA methyltransferase,MGMT）基因启动子区甲基化与MGMT蛋白表达的相关性．以探讨调控MGMT蛋白表达的作用机制。方法：采用甲基化特异性PCR方法（methylation specific PCR,MSP）检测我院收治的120例原发性GBM患者肿瘤组织标本MGMT基因启动子区甲基化：采用免疫组化方法检测NF—κB、TP53、MGMT蛋白表达情况。采用SPSS17．0软件及Spearman相关系数分析方法进行统计学分析。结果：免疫组化表明NF—κB、TP53表达与MGMT表达呈正相关（r=0．244,r=0．271,P均〈0．05）,NF—κB与TP53表达亦呈正相关r=-0．329,P〈0．05）。MSP结果显示MGMT基因启动子区甲基化率与MGMT蛋白表达强度无相关性。结论：转录因子NF—κB与TP53对原发性GBM肿瘤组织中MGMT蛋白表达可能存在正调控作用,而MGMT基因启动子区甲基化率与MGMT蛋白表达强度无相关性。     

NSCLC患者血浆p16和MGMT基因甲基化检测及临床意义

目的：检测非小细胞肺癌（non—small cell lung cancer，NSCLC）患者外周血血浆中p16基因、O^6-甲基乌嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（O^6-methylguanine—DNA methyhransferase，MGMT）基因启动子的甲基化状态，探讨p16、MGMT基因启动子的异常甲基化在NSCLC筛查及早期诊断中的意义。方法：利用巢式甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应法检测NSCLC患者外周血血浆p16、MGMT基因启动子的甲基化状态。结果：65例NSCLC血浆样品中分别发现19例（29．23％）p16基因启动子异常甲基化和16例（24．62％）MGMT基因启动子异常甲基化，45例正常对照血浆组未检测到p16、MGMT基因启动子的异常甲基化（P〈0．05），血浆中两基因甲基化检出率与NSCLC的分型及临床分期无明显相关性（P〉0．05）。结论：利用巢式甲基化特异性PCR法检测外周血血浆中p16、MGMT基因启动子的甲基化，可为NSCLC的筛查、早期诊断及预后判断提供有价值的信息。     

脑胶质瘤O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶启动区甲基化及其表达异质性的研究

目的研究脑胶质瘤组织不同部位O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（MGMT）启动区甲基化状态及其表达的差异性。方法在54例脑胶质瘤组织的中心和周边部位分别获取标本,共获得92份标本,采用巢式甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）进行MGMT启动区甲基化状态的检测,同时采用免疫组织化学方法进行MGMT蛋白表达的检测。结果 38例胶质瘤中获得了肿瘤两个不同部位MG-MT启动区甲基化的状态,其中24例胶质瘤MGMT启动区甲基化的状态是一致的,占总数的63.2%（24/38）。在29例胶质瘤患者中获得了肿瘤两个不同部位MGMT蛋白表达的情况,其中10例胶质瘤MGMT蛋白表达是一致的,占总数的34.5%（10/29）。两总体一致性概率间差值的95%置信区间为（5.6%和51.8%）,两者的差异有统计学意义。巢式MSP和免疫组化都获得检测结果的标本有77份,在61份MGMT启动区甲基化标本中,25份MGMT蛋白表达阴性,14份蛋白表达可疑阳性,18份蛋白表达阳性,4份蛋白表达强阳性。在16份MGMT启动区非甲基化标本中,2份MGMT蛋白表达阴性,2份蛋白表达可疑阳性,9份蛋白表达阳性,3份蛋白表达强阳性,MGMT启动区甲基化状态与蛋白表达呈负相关（r=-0.318,P=0.005）。结论脑胶质瘤MGMT蛋白表达在同一肿瘤的不同部位存在明显的异质性。虽然脑胶质瘤MGMT启动区甲基化的状态在同一肿瘤的不同部位存在一定的异质性,但是大多数脑胶质瘤MGMT启动区甲基化的状态在同一肿瘤的不同部位是一致的。脑胶质瘤MGMT启动区甲基化状态的一致性优于蛋白表达的一致性。脑胶质瘤MGMT启动区甲基化,MGMT蛋白表达较少,MGMT启动区非甲基化,MGMT蛋白表达较多。     

非小细胞肺癌组织MGMT基因启动子过甲基化与临床病理特征相关性的研究

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中DNA修复酶O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)过甲基化状况与临床病理特征的关系.方法:甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测120例病理确诊的非小细胞肺癌组织及癌旁正常肺组织和30例病理确诊为肺炎症组织中MGMT的甲基化状况.结果:120例NSCLC组织中MGMT基因启动子甲基化率(35%)显著高于癌旁正常组织甲基化率(5%,P<0.05),亦显著高于30例正常肺组织中甲基化率(0,P<0.05).NSCLC中MGMT基因启动子过甲基化状态与淋巴结转移、TNM分期、吸烟史、肿瘤分化程度有关(P值均<0.05),与患者年龄、性别、病理组织类型无关(P值均>0.05).结论:在NSCLC中,MGMT基因启动子甲基化可能与肺癌的发生、发展相关.     

MGMT promoter methylation in plasma of glioma patients receiving temozolomide

Promoter methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene plays a role in cellular response to alkylating agents. In the present study aimed to: (i) evaluate the concordance between MGMT promoter methylation status in tumor tissue and plasma; (ii) monitor MGMT promoter methylation status in plasma taken before and during temozolomide treatment; (iii) explore the value of MGMT promoter methylation status in plasma as a prognostic/predictive biomarker in glioma patients. We enrolled 58 patients with histologically confirmed glioma at different grades of malignancy. All patients underwent surgical resection and temozolomide treatment. Paraffin-embedded tumor tissue was available for 48 patients. Blood samples were collected from all patients before temozolomide treatment (baseline) and at each MRI examination for a 12-month period. MGMT promoter methylation status was assessed in both sample types by real time PCR with a specific probe. The frequency of MGMT promoter methylation was 60.4 % in tumor tissue and 41.38 % in plasma. MGMT promoter methylation status was concordant in the two sample types (Kappa = 0.75, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.57–0.93; p value <0.001). Overall and progression-free survival were longer in patients with methylated MGMT promoter. Mortality was higher in patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, whether in tumor tissue [hazard ratio (HR) 2.21; 95 % CI 0.99–4.95] or plasma (HR 2.19; 95 % CI 1.02–4.68). Progression-free survival was shorter in patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter, whether in tissue (HR 2.30; 95 % CI 1.19–4.45) or plasma (HR 1.77; 95 % CI 0.95–3.30). The cumulative incidence of unmethylated MGMT promoter in plasma at baseline was 58 %, and reached virtually 100 % at 12 months. In conclusion MGMT promoter methylation status in tumor tissue and plasma was highly concordant, and both were associated with longer survival, supporting the role of the detection of methylated MGMT promoter in predicting treatment response. However we suggest caution in using plasma as a surrogate of tumor tissue due to possible false-negative results.     

Quantitative detection of multiple gene promoter hypermethylation in tumor tissue, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid predicts prognosis of malignant gliomas

Aberrant promoter hypermethylation of several known or putative tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently during the malignant transformation in gliomas. We hypothesized that quantitative analysis of methylated genes will provide prognostic values in malignant glioma patients. We used an immunocapturing approach followed by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to detect altered patterns of promoter methylation in O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), p16INK4a, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3), and thrombospondin 1 (THBS1). The tumor tissue and paired serum as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 66 patients with malignant gliomas were studied. Serum and CSF from 20 age-matched noncancer individuals were used as control. Promoter hypermethylation in MGMT, p16INK4a, TIMP-3, and THBS1 was detected at high frequencies in tumor tissue, serum, and CSF. None of the control serum or CSF showed aberrant methylation. Hypermethylation in serum and CSF DNA was all accompanied with methylation in the corresponding tumor tissues with 100% specificity. Highly elevated MGMT, p16INK4a, and THBS1 methylation levels in gliomas serum were the sole independent factors predicting inferior overall survival in this cohort. For progression-free survival, hypermethylation of MGMT and THBS1 in CSF were the independent prognostic factors. Multiple gene promoter hypermethylation analysis appears to be promising as a prognostic factor in glioma and as a mini-invasive tumor marker in serum and/or CSF DNA. Evaluation of these changes may help in selecting glioma patients for optimal adjuvant treatments and modifying chemotherapy.     

Intratumoral homogeneity of MGMT promoter hypermethylation as demonstrated in serial stereotactic specimens from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas

Hypermethylation of the DNA repair gene O(6)-methyl-guanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been linked to prolonged survival in glioblastoma patients treated with alkylating agents. It was aimed to analyze prospectively whether the MGMT status of malignant gliomas could be determined from small-sized stereotactic biopsies (maximum volume: 1 mm(3)). Special attention was directed towards the intratumoral distribution of the MGMT promoter methylation, the MGMT protein expression and potential correlations between both. Twenty-five adult patients were included (20 patients with primary World Health Organisation (WHO) Grade III or IV malignant gliomas, 5 patients with secondary malignant gliomas). About 2-4 biopsy specimens per tumor were collected from different sites within the tumor. Promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was assessed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and sodium bisulfite sequencing in each of the collected specimens (overall number of specimens: 69). Both methods were validated for application in small-sized tissue samples (1 mm(3)). The MGMT protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The overall MGMT promoter methylation rate was 30% in the de novo group and 80% in the tumor progression group. The success rates of MSP and sequencing were 100% and 80%, respectively. Sequence analysis and MSP exhibited 100% concordant findings. No differences in MGMT promoter methylation were detected between the different samples of each individual tumor in 24 of 25 patients. One false negative result was obtained due to the contamination of the biopsy specimen by necrotic tissue. Tissue samples taken from different sites of each individual tumor (13 tumors investigated) exhibited equal or highly similar MGMT protein expression. No correlation between MGMT protein expression and MGMT promoter methylation was observed. The MGMT promoter methylation status of malignant gliomas can be reliably determined from small-sized stereotactic biopsies. The methylation profile, as defined by MSP and sodium bisulfite sequencing, constitutes a homogeneous marker throughout malignant gliomas. The lack of correlation between MGMT status and MGMT protein expression needs further evaluation.     

Relationship Between Hypermethylated MGMT Gene and Osteosarcoma Necrosis Rate After Chemotherapy

To investigate the relativity of MGMT(O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) gene methylation from patients with protein expression and osteosarcoma necrosis rate after chemotherapy. Fifty-one oteosarcoma tissues were collected, Methylation of MGMT gene promoter was detected by methylation-specific PCR method, and protein expression of MGMT was examined by immunohistochemistry procedure, the relationship between methylated MGMT gene expression and patients response to chemotherapy was analyzed. The positive ratio of methylation MGMT gene promoter in 51 patients was 23.5% (12 in 51). Negative percentage of protein expression of MGMT was 27.5% (14 in 51). It seemed that methylation of MGMT gene in osteosarcoma tissues had no evident relationship with the patient’s age, sexuality, and the size and type of neoplasms, etc. The necrosis rates of methylated MGMT of osteosarcoma (tumor grade from I to IV) were 0 (0/51), 3.9% (2/51), 5.9% (3/51), 13.7% (7/51), respectively. In contrast, the necrosis rates of unmethylated MGMT of osteosarcoma (tumor grade from I to IV) were 45.1% (23/51), 25.5% (13/51), 3.9% (2/51), 2.0% (1/51), respectively. It suggest that methylated and unmethylated MGMT gene of osteosarcoma have significant difference in protein expression. The unmethylated MGMT gene has higher positive protein expression (u = −4.92, P < 0.001). Methylation of MGMT gene has higher tumor necrosis rate in osteosarcoma patients. Methylation in MGMT promoter may be important for judging the effect of chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma patients.     

Prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase determined by promoter hypermethylation and immunohistochemical expression in anaplastic gliomas.

PURPOSE: Anaplastic gliomas constitute a heterogeneous group of tumors with different therapeutic responses to adjuvant chemotherapy with alkylating agents. O6-Methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), a DNA repair protein, is one of the implicated factors in glioma chemoresistance.The prognostic value of MGMT remains controversial due in part to the fact that previous published studies included heterogeneous groups of patients with different tumor grades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of MGMT in patients with anaplastic glioma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ninety-three patients with anaplastic glioma were analyzed for MGMT protein expression by immunohistochemistry. In addition, for those patients from whom a good yield of DNA was obtained (n = 40), MGMT promoter methylation profile was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR. MGMT prognostic significance was evaluated together with other well-known prognostic factors. RESULTS: Fifty-one tumors (54.8%) showed nuclear staining of MGMT. There was a trend towards longer overall survival for those patients with negative MGMT immunostaining (hazard ratio, 1.66; P = 0.066). In a secondary analysis including those patients who actually received chemotherapy (n = 72), the absence of MGMT expression was independently associated with better survival (hazard ratio, 2.12; P = 0.027). MGMT promoter methylation was observed in 50% of the analyzed tumors. No statistical correlation between MGMT expression and MGMT promoter hypermethylation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike previous studies, we did not find a correlation between MGMT promoter methylation and survival. However, we observed a correlation between MGMT protein expression and survival in those patients who received chemotherapy thus suggesting that the absence of MGMT expression is a positive predictive marker in patients with anaplastic glioma.     

Aberrantly Methylated MGMT, hMLH1 and hMSH2 in Tumor and Serum DNA of Gliomas Patients

OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the prevalence of promoter CpG island methylation of O6-methylguananine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mismatch repair genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) in both tumor and serum samples of gliomas.METHODS Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) was employed to detect promoter CpG island methylation of the MGMT, hMLH1 and hMSH2 genes in 39 samples taken from surgery and 32 samples of pretreatment serum all from the patients with gliomas.RESULTS Promoter CpG island methylation of MGMT, hMLH1 and hMSH2 was detected and the results were 46.2%, 10.3% and 20.5%, respectively in tumor DNA of the cases with gliomas,and 40.6%, 9.4% and 18.8%, respectively in serum DNA of the cases. The methylation pattern in primary tumor and serum was found to be concordant in matched tissue and serum samples of 21 patients. In the cases with positive result of methylation for MGMT, hMLH1 and hMSH2 in tumor tissues, the results of detection for those in the paired serum sample were 77.8% (7/9),66.7% (2/3) and 75.0 % (3/4), respectively. False positive results were not obtained in any of the patients who did not exhibit methylation. No association was found between the promoter methylation of MGMT, hMLH1, and hMSH2 genes in primary gliomas and gender, age, localization, grade of malignant or tumor stage.CONCLUSION Promoter CpG island methylation is a frequent event in gliomagenesis. Methylation analysis appears to be a promising predictive factor of the prognosis for the glioma patients treated with alkylating drugs and a noninvasive tumor marker in serum DNA.     

MGMT启动子甲基化对神经胶质瘤患者治疗及预后的临床意义

目前以替莫唑胺（temozolomide,TMZ）为基础的化疗已成为神经胶质瘤术后辅助治疗的标准方案,然而TMZ对部分患者疗效欠佳。DNA修复蛋白O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶（O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase,MGMT）启动子甲基化是胶质瘤患者的重要分子标志物,与胶质瘤预后及烷基化药物如TMZ的耐药有关。在新诊断的胶质母细胞瘤中,MGMT启动子甲基化已成为独立预后指标。MGMT启动子甲基化是抑制MGMT蛋白表达的关键机制,可抑制DNA修复,增加TMZ化疗敏感性。本文综述了MGMT启动子甲基化与神经胶质瘤患者预后、疗效的最新数据及临床试验,对MGMT启动子甲基化在临床中的应用进行总结,以期为神经胶质瘤患者的个体化治疗提供参考。