尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常分析

目的 探讨尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常病例的FISH检测结果特点与最终活检病理结果的相关性,进一步完善FISH阳性诊断标准。方法 收集847例行尿脱落细胞FISH检测,选择其中不符合阳性标准、但存在大量单染色体拷贝的5例作为研究对象,分析它们的临床特征、FISH检测结果特点、脱落细胞学特征和活检组织病理学检测结果。结果 观察相应区域100个核异质上皮细胞,例1显示3号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数32个;例2显示17号染色体3倍体扩增,异常细胞数48个;例3显示17号染色体5倍体扩增,异常细胞数56个;例4显示17号染色体单倍体,异常细胞数67个;例5显示p16基因杂合子缺失,异常细胞数61个,其它染色体均无异常。5例活检病理结果均为低级别或高级别乳头状尿路上皮癌。结论 在临床实践中,尿脱落细胞FISH单染色体拷贝大量异常的病例应引起重视,将其归入可疑阳性比较合适,从而能提高尿FISH检测的敏感性,使患者获益。     

尿脱落细胞荧光原位杂交检测对尿路上皮癌的诊断价值及漏诊原因分析

目的 研究荧光原位杂交(FISH)检测尿脱落细胞9p21和3、7、17号染色体数目变化,协助尿路上皮癌诊断和术后监测的特异度和敏感度,并分析和研究造成漏诊的原因.方法 检测尿脱落细胞染色体数目变化,并做病理活检;以病理检查结果为金标准评价该检测的特异度和敏感度.漏诊病例的癌组织行FISH检测,并复查尿脱落细胞滴片,分析漏诊原因.结果 100例样本中,35例尿路上皮癌中28例FISH阳性,敏感度为80%;65例非肿瘤中65例FISH阴性,特异度为100%.28例高级别尿路上皮癌3例漏诊,敏感度为89.29%,其癌组织均存在与尿路上皮癌相关的非整倍体,其滴片中尿脱落细胞均少但均未见存在与尿路上皮癌相关的非整倍体.7例低级别尿路上皮癌4例漏诊,敏感度为42.86%,其中2例癌组织仅少量癌细胞存在与尿路上皮癌相关的非整倍体,2例未见上述异常;其滴片中尿脱落细胞2例细胞数少但均未见与尿路上皮癌相关的非整倍体.结论 用FISH检测尿脱落细胞上是否存在9p21和3、7、17号染色体与尿路上皮癌相关的非整倍体,具有较高的敏感性和特异性,可用于辅助尿路上皮癌诊断和术后监测.该检测对于高级别尿路上皮癌更敏感.自然尿中尿脱落细胞较少是导致该检测漏诊的主要原因;对于低级别尿路上皮癌,缺乏与尿路上皮癌相关的遗传学异常是导致该检测漏诊的主要原因.     

多点荧光原位杂交在尿路上皮癌中的异常表达北大核心CSCD

尿液脱落细胞检查对血尿患者而言是易获得且无创性的良好检查手段,低级别尿路上皮癌由于细胞学形态接近正常,同时因炎症或结石常会引起尿路上皮的细胞学不典型性,难与低级别癌区分,其敏感性偏低,而高级别尿路上皮癌细胞异型较大,敏感性相对较高。多点荧光原位杂交（FISH）被认为能增加尿液脱落细胞学的敏感性和特异性,但尿路上皮癌发生染色体和基因改变是细胞学检测异常呈阳性的基础,很少研究涉及各级别尿路上皮癌染色体和基因改变的发生率和特征,我们同时检测细胞学和石蜡标本的肿瘤组织第3、7、17号染色体和9p21基因异常的发生,探讨其在脱落细胞检查中的应用价值。     

Detection of chromosome number abnormalities by fluorescence in situ hybridization in sputum samples from patients with lung cancer

目的 应用染色体特异性探针对痰液脱落细胞进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)用以分析肺癌的染色体畸变,探讨FISH技术辅助诊断肺癌的可行性和有效性.方法 选用3、7、17号染色体着丝粒探针,p16、p53探针对40例疑似肺癌患者痰液的脱落细胞进行FISH研究.结果 肺癌患者痰液脱落细胞中3、7、17号染色体数目和p16、p53畸变阳性率分别为41.9%、45.2%、41.9%、54.9%、51.6%,其中p16、p53畸变率较高.FISH联合应用五种探针诊断肺癌的敏感性为80.6%,特异性为77.8%,诊断效率为80.0%.结论 肺癌的发生、发展与染色体的畸变有关,应用FISH技术检测肺癌患者痰液细胞染色体数目畸变,可作为肺癌诊断的一项辅助方法.     

荧光原位杂交技术检测肺癌患者痰液中部分染色体数量的改变

目的应用染色体特异性探针对痰液脱落细胞进行荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)用以分析肺癌的染色体畸变,探讨FISH技术辅助诊断肺癌的可行性和有效性。方法选用3、7、17号染色体着丝粒探针,p16、p53探针对40例疑似肺癌患者痰液的脱落细胞进行FISH研究。结果肺癌患者痰液脱落细胞中3、7、17号染色体数目和p16、p53畸变阳性率分别为41.9%、45.2%、41.9%、54.9%、51.6%,其中p16、p53畸变率较高。FISH联合应用五种探针诊断肺癌的敏感性为80.6%,特异性为77.8%,诊断效率为80.0%。结论肺癌的发生、发展与染色体的畸变有关,应用FISH技术检测肺癌患者痰液细胞染色体数目畸变,可作为肺癌诊断的一项辅助方法。     

荧光原位杂交技术在产前超声诊断异常患者中的应用

目的应用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术及细胞学对照,评价产前超声诊断异常患者胎儿的染色体异常。方法应用5种(21、13、18、X和Y)FISH探针,平行细胞染色体分析进行133名产前超声诊断异常孕妇胎儿的染色体核型。结果 133例产前超声诊断异常孕妇,共检出非整倍体异常核型34例,FISH检测与细胞染色体分析结果一致。胎儿颈项透明层(NT)增厚作为标记21-三体综合征的特异性指标,在同时合并高龄(年龄>35岁)的孕妇中,高度提示发生21-三体综合征的可能。结论荧光原位杂交,能有效检测绝大多数胎儿染色体非整倍体异常。对于NF合并高龄孕妇,应结合该技术确定胎儿染色体是否异常。     

用荧光原位杂交技术快速诊断100例早期自然流产胚胎染色体数目异常

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术用于诊断绒毛间期细胞染色体数目异常的临床应用价值。方法采用FISH技术对我院100例50-84天的流产绒毛进行7条染色体(13、16、18、21、22、X和Y)的快速检测。同时,将绒毛接种、培养,进行常规细胞染色体核型分析,作为FISH检测结果的对照。结果被检测的100例样本中,用FISH检测,均获得诊断结果,检测成功率为100%,而常规细胞染色体核型分析,则只有91例获得诊断结果,检测成功率为91%。FISH检测结果与常规细胞染色体核型分析结果均相符合。结论应用FISH技术检测未培养绒毛间期细胞染色体数目异常,具有快速,简便,使用样本量少等优势,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

荧光原位杂交技术在骨髓增生异常综合征患者5号和7号染色体异常检测中的应用

目的评价荧光原位杂交（FISH）术在骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者5号和7号染色体异常检测中的应用。方法 40例MDS患者,采用间期FISH,选取4种探针组合检测-5/5q-和-7/7q-。结果利用FISH技术,5号、7号染色体异常检出率分别为15.0%、20.0%。结论 FISH技术可以用于骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者5号和7号染色体异常的检测,采用组合探针的FISH更为敏感和特异。     

无创产前筛查后FISH在产前诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术在产前诊断胎儿染色体异常中的临床应用价值和现状。方法对99例孕17-23周、有产前诊断指征(25例经无创产前筛查为阳性)的孕妇,在B超引导下经腹抽取羊水后,应用特异性探针针对未经过培养的羊水间期细胞进行荧光原位杂交。同时进行常规羊水细胞培养和核型分析。结果 FISH和核型分析共检出染色体数目异常21例,异常率为21.2%,分别为15例21-三体、6例18-三体,结果一致;染色体核型分析检测出4例结构异常:46,XX,15ph+、46,XY,add(3)(p26.3)、46,XX,t(7;19)(p15;p13)、46,XX,inv(9)(p11q12)。结论在产前诊断中FISH检测适用于染色体(13,18,21,X,Y)数目异常的的快速诊断,缩短孕妇等待时间,减轻孕妇的焦虑。不能检测出结构异常,不能单独用于产前诊断。     

荧光原位杂交技术与染色体核型分析在产前诊断中的应用

目的应用染色体核型分析和荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对589例孕妇的羊水细胞进行检测,探讨两种方法用于产前诊断的临床意义。方法对589例有产前诊断指征的孕妇行羊膜腔穿刺术,获得羊水细胞分别进行染色体核型分析及FISH检测(13、18、21、X、Y号染色体)。结果在589例患者中染色体核型分析共发现56例染色体异常(包括43例非整倍体),染色体异常率为9.5%(56/589),非整倍体率为76.8%(43/56)。FISH共发现43例13,18,21,X和Y染色体异常;4例染色体易位,3例染色体到位,2例嵌合体,4例染色体多态性,共13例未被FISH检出。结论染色体核型分析可检出全部染色体数目及结构异常,FISH技术用于产前诊断的效率和成功率高,但单纯FISH诊断会出现小概率的漏诊,可与核型分析互补缺陷,使产前诊断效能最大化。     

雷公藤甲素抗肿瘤血管新生的研究进展（英文）

雷公藤甲素(triptolide,TPL)是从中草药雷公藤中提取的一种有效活性物质,已被用来治疗多种疾病,包括系统性红斑狼疮,类风湿性关节炎,肾病综合征等,TPL甚至有很强的抑制肿瘤的活性。近些年的研究显示,TPL具有抗血管新生的能力,TPL不仅可以抑制肿瘤的增殖,诱导细胞的凋亡,还可以抑制肿瘤的转移,可以增加其它化疗药物的抗肿瘤活性。本综述将讨论TPL在抗肿瘤血管新生方面的研究进展,以及初步探讨其潜在的作用机制。     

Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

Kinetics of decline of maternal measles virus-neutralizing antibodies in sera of infants in France in 2006

The optimal age for measles vaccination is an important health issue, since maternal antibodies may neutralize the vaccine antigen before a specific immune response develops, while delaying vaccination may increase the risk of complicated diseases in infants. However, measles vaccination impacts the duration of protection afforded by transplacental transfer of maternal antibodies: vaccination-induced maternal antibodies disappear faster than disease-induced antibodies. In order to maintain protection against measles in infants, it is important to monitor the dynamics of this phenomenon in vaccinated populations. To assess the current situation in France, a multicenter, prospective seroepidemiological study was conducted in seven French hospitals between October 2005 and January 2007. Maternal measles antibody concentrations from 348 infants 0 to 15 months old were measured using the plaque reduction neutralization assay. Geometric mean concentrations and the percentage of infants with maternal measles antibody concentrations above the protection threshold (≥120 mIU/ml) were assessed according to age. Results show that after more than 20 years of routine measles vaccination in France, maternal measles-neutralizing antibodies decrease dramatically in French infants by 6 months of age, from 1,740 mIU/ml for infants 0 to 1 month old to 223 mIU/ml for infants 5 to 6 months old, and that 90% of infants are not protected against measles after 6 months of age. Infant protection against measles could be optimized both by increasing herd immunity through an increased vaccine coverage and by lowering the age of routine vaccination from 12 to 9 months.     

Restoration of in vitro responses in platelets stored in plasma

Conventional platelet storage in a blood bank is up to 5 days at room temperature in plasma. We investigated the optimal medium for assessing the quality of stored platelets by comparing in vitro test responses after resuspension in autologous plasma prepared from platelet-rich plasma after 5 days of storage at room temperature, autologous plasma stored cell-free for 5 days at room temperature, or autologous plasma stored cell-free for 5 days at -20 degrees C. Five-day-old platelets were prepared from aliquots of the same unit and resuspended in I of the 3 plasma preparations. The platelet-plasma mixtures were monitored for changes in pH, mean platelet volume, hypotonic shock response, P-selection expression, and aggregation. There were statistically significant differences between platelets resuspended in original plasma and platelets resuspended in either plasma stored cell-free at room temperature or frozen, with regard to hypotonic shock response, agonist-induced aggregation, and P-selectin expression. Plasma stored with platelets for 5 days yielded inferior platelet function test responses when compared with plasma stored cell-free at room temperature or frozen. Therefore, for direct comparison of platelet responses following novel storage methods, the resuspending plasma should be stored under the same conditions as the control platelet unit.