研究经络本质的新途径

目的:探索经络的物质本质的新途径.方法:回顾分析了国内外近20年经络实质研究概况,并详细介绍了缝隙连接(GJ)、半通道的结构特点及其与经络的某些相似之处.结果:针刺效应的产生与神经系统、内分泌系统、免疫系统以及结缔组织等密切相关;同一组织内和不同组织间相同和不同细胞间的GJ、半通道可能是机械性刺激信号(针刺)在体内转变为生物电信号或化学信号的结构基础.结论:针刺效应是在腧穴接受刺激的条件下,以高密度的GJ、半通道作为物质基础,以细胞间液、组织间液为缓冲系统的神经、血管、内分泌、免疫等多个系统的综合反应.     

穴区结缔组织在针刺效应启动中的作用机制研究进展

穴区作为针刺的初始应答部位,是针效的源头。针刺引起穴区微环境的变化是其发挥效应的关键启动环节,阐明针刺的启动机制可进一步推动针刺临床应用。通过对针刺穴区相关基础研究文献进行梳理,发现针刺后穴区微环境结缔组织的变化与针刺效应密切相关,结缔组织中成纤维细胞、肥大细胞和巨噬细胞在针刺效应启动过程中发挥了重要作用,但有关针刺穴位启动机制的基础研究零散、不系统,针刺穴位启动机制的研究可为针刺临床应用提供依据,未来仍有很大深入研究的空间。     

针刺穴位效应启动机制研究概述

目的:总结针刺穴位局部微环境变化的研究现状,为穴位局部针刺效应启动机制提供理论指导.方法:以针刺、穴位为关键词,检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方学术期刊全文数据库(Wanfang)、重庆维普(CQVIP)、PubMed等数据库,选取代表性文章进行综述.结果:针刺可引起穴位局部传入神经兴奋,细胞功能激活,促进神经肽、激素、细胞因子等化学物质释放,引起结缔组织机械变形,化学离子及离子通道状态改变.结论:穴位局部微环境变化对针刺疗效至关重要;可用针刺穴位局部'穴网络'的概念客观描绘针刺后穴位局部的变化.     

结缔组织在针刺力学信号转导中的作用和研究进展

非特异性结缔组织(筋膜结缔组织)在针刺力学信号转导中具有重要的作用。针刺产生的机械应力对于非特异性结缔组织中的成纤维细胞、细胞骨架等在形态学、组织化学、生物化学等方面均有一定的影响,包括成纤维细胞的变形、细胞骨架的重塑、生化物质的释放等。本文结合目前细胞生物学、影像学和生理学对于这种影响的最新研究进行归纳,认为明确牵拉应力在结缔组织的转导途径及对机体的影响对于揭示针灸疗效的机制具有重要的意义。     

用于针刺穴位研究的结缔组织片模型

目的:先前研究发现,穴区功能与穴区结缔组织结构有密切关系,本文旨在建立基于穴区原位组织上的膜片钳研究方法。方法:急性分离出SD大鼠"后三里"穴皮下结缔组织,并安置在含有孵育液的浴槽内。组织片内肥大细胞可用甲苯胺蓝或中性红进行标记。在膜片钳实验中,通过记录电极对组织片内原位肥大细胞施加-30、-60和-90 cmH2O的负压刺激,并记录细胞上机械激活性全细胞电流。结果:制备的皮下结缔组织片标本经甲苯胺蓝或中性红染色显示,肥大细胞散在分布于组织片中的基质中。肥大细胞脱颗粒现象也能通过染色清晰可见。膜片钳记录表明穴区组织片肥大细胞的全细胞电流随着机械负压的施加而增大。结论:大鼠穴区皮下结缔组织片原位肥大细胞全细胞电流能被机械刺激激活。结合显微技术和电生理技术,大鼠"后三里"穴区皮下结缔组织片可以做为研究针刺效应外周机制的一种模型,并提示穴位肥大细胞可能参与针刺过程中机械信号的转导。该模型也可为今后进一步在细胞水平上研究穴位中细胞、胶原纤维、蛋白多糖等各成分的特性及其之间的相互作用提供基础。     

关于针刺方法改革方向的思考

目的：探讨临床更有效的针刺方法。方法：对有关医学文献和临床实验资料进行分析研究及临床．验证。结论：应改直刺为平刺,以穴位点结缔组织胶原纤维分布情况决定针刺深度,以与疾病相关联的“敏感点”决定针刺部位等针刺方法改革的新思路。     

针刺镇痛领域国家自然科学基金资助情况报告与分析

基于国家自然科学基金近30年(1993年至2022年)在针刺镇痛领域的立项资料,系统回顾针刺镇痛研究的热点和特点。结果显示,获资助的针刺镇痛相关研究共179项,大多数的研究聚焦在神经系统机制上,集中在神经通路、递质-受体、神经元、胶质细胞等4个研究方向,从中枢到外周的效应机制及多维度的调节作用,不断拓宽和完善针刺镇痛的科学内涵。其次为结缔组织系统相关的研究,另外从免疫学、分子生物学、基因组学等不同方向的研究均有涉及。针刺镇痛研究的常见病种为慢性痛、神经痛、偏头痛、疼痛伴负性情绪和内脏痛等。针刺镇痛研究需更全面系统,加强横向比较,进行长期追踪,以推进针灸基础研究的不断发展。     

隔药饼灸为主治疗慢性盆腔结缔组织炎

目的:观察隔药饼灸为主治疗慢性盆腔结缔组织炎的疗效.方法:以隔药饼灸为主配合针刺治疗慢性盆腔结缔组织炎82例,并与妇科千金片治疗20例作对照,观察主要症状、体征及血液流变学指标.结果:治疗组临床总有效率为96.39%,对照组为80.12%,组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05);隔药饼灸为主配合针刺治疗能改善血粘度,治疗前后比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:隔药饼灸为主治疗慢性盆腔结缔组织炎具有较好疗效,其机理可能与改善血液循环、促进炎症吸收和调节机体免疫机能、减少复发有关.     

循经针刺对肥大细胞影响的研究

<正> 在过去关于“循经针刺对于甲皱微循环影响的活体观察”研究的基础上,我们以循经取穴针刺,应用荧光相差结合观察法,对皮下疏松结缔组织中肥大细胞的变化进行了观察。根据文献记载,肥大细胞颗粒中含有5—HT和组织胺(Histamine)等与针刺作用有关的化学物质。我们试图通过这项研究工作,探讨针刺与这些物质之间的关系,为进一步揭示针刺作用的机制,提供资料。     

针刺联合间充质干细胞移植的实验研究进展

间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs）是机体的起源细胞,是形成人体各种组织器官的始祖细胞。因其具有自我复制和多向分化的能力,可在特定条件下转变成为多种构成人体组织或器官的细胞。针刺联合MSCs移植的研究已取得了一定的进展,显示出潜在的应用前景。本文整理、总结了近10年来针刺联合MSCs移植疗法的实验研究文献,以治疗不同种类疾病为切入点,综述目前针刺联合MSCs移植疗法的基础实验研究进展。针刺联合MSCs移植的生物学机制可能与针刺能增加MSCs 的存活率、诱导MSCs定向分化有关。但是,针刺联合MSCs移植要作为一项常规技术应用于临床实践,其内在机制尚需进一步研究阐明。     

Human ultraweak photon emission and the yin yang concept of Chinese medicine

The relationship between connective tissue and meridian function is discussed in terms of energy transmission. The network of hydrogen-bonded water molecules interspersed within the collagen fibrillar matrix is especially significant for both the sensitivity of connective tissue to weak signals of mechanical pressure, heat, or electricity and the electrical intercommunication that may correlate with the meridian acupuncture system. Special electromagnetic properties of connective tissue have similar collective properties of ultraweak photon emission. A relationship between ultraweak photon emission and yin yang dynamics is based on three types of ultraweak photon emission studies, focusing on diurnal and annual dynamics, diseased states, and acupuncture points. A novel concept explains the functional (health) integrity of physiologic systems in relation to the left-right balance in ultraweak photon emission by pointing to, (1) balanced corticoneuromusculoskeletal activities and triboluminescent aspects of ultraweak photon emission by skeletal structures, and (2) local fine-tuning in oxygen supply and the formation of radical oxygen species. This approach offers testable hypotheses for further validation utilizing a combination of human photon recording techniques and specialized metabolomics for the estimation of organ-specific oxidative states.     

RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS ON ACUPUNCTURE PUBLISHED IN CHINESE JOURNALS:A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Objective: To systematically evaluate the number and quality of randomized clinical trials(RCTs) on acupuncture published in Chinese journals.Methods: We systematically searched the four main electronic Chinese databases(CNKI, VIP, CBM, Wanfang) from their inception in January 2013 to identify RCTs on acupuncture(including manual and electronic acupuncture), to bibliometrically analyze the RCTs, and to assess methodological quality of the RCTs.Results: A total of 7085 RCTs(involving 698540 participants) were published from 1982 to 2013 in Chinese literature.The top three disease systems identified in the included trials were nervous system(39.5%), musculoskeletal system and connective tissue(21.3%), and genitourinary system(6.2%) according to ICD-10.The 7085 acupuncture trials were compared with no treatment(51 trials, 0.7%), sham-acupuncture(62 trials, 0.9%), conventional treatment(728 trials, 10.3%), other traditionalChinese medicine(911 trials, 12.9%), as well as acupuncture plus conventional treatment versus conventional treatment(946 trials, 13.4%), acupuncture plus one treatment versus another treatment(1493 trials, 21.7%), acupuncture plus one treatment versus acupuncture alone(915 trials, 12.9%).In addition, 1135 trials(16.0%) were two-armed RCTs, in which acupuncture applied in both groups.A total of 844 trials(11.9%) were three or more-armed RCTs.Forty-two trials(0.6%) of 7085 RCTs clearly defined primary and secondary outcomes, 6803(96.0%) reported clinical relevant outcomes, 659(9.3%) reported surrogate outcomes, 497(7.0%) reported safety outcomes.For methodological quality, 2658(37.5%) RCTs reported randomization methods, 121(1.7%) reported allocation concealment methods, 141(2.0%) applied blinding, and only 28(0.4%) described sample size calculation.Conclusion: The number of RCTs on acupuncture was substantial and increasing in China, and acupuncture was most frequently applied to nervous, musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases.However, the methodological quality of the trials is still low.We recommend that the reports of future RCTs on acupuncture will be based on CONSORT and STRCTA.     

穴位的实验研究与进展

近年来，研究者提出了多种关于穴位的假说。笔者综述了近年来穴位的实验研究与最新进展，从穴位的结缔组织结构、信号传导和理化特性等方面进行阐述。     

A birdcage model for the Chinese meridian system: part III. Possible mechanism of magnetic therapy

Based on the electromagnetic model of the transmission line for the channel and the birdcage resonator for the meridian network, we interpret two effects, seemingly incomprehensible in terms of current Western physiology, the lasting effect and the remote effect. For the lasting effect, acupuncture enhances the amplitude of the Qi standing wave, and this increased amplitude is retained and thus is able to sustain a gradual remodeling of the extracellular matrix in interstitial connective tissues, resulting in a lasting therapeutic effect. For the remote effect (acupuncture effect far from the site of needle insertion), our model puts the mechanism of magnetic therapy on an equal footing with that of acupuncture. It may not be a coincidence that accounts of investigators in both acupuncture and magnetotherapy about the depth of the effective site--along cleavage planes between muscles, or between muscle and bone or tendon--are in accord with that of the Huang Di Nei Jing about the course of channels: "they are embedded and travel between interstitial muscles, deep and invisible." A possible magnetic field generated outside the birdcage may be manipulated to produce local areas of higher temperature or very strong fields.     

基于模糊综合评判技术的效能针灸等级病谱研究——肌肉骨骼系统与结缔组织病症

采用抽样调查的形式,在具有针灸专业背景的高级职称临床医师中,通过自填式问卷,实施具有描述性的学术专业横剖调查.对针灸临床专家的意见采用模糊综合评判技术进行统计处理,以界定肌肉骨骼系统与结缔组织的效能针灸等级病谱.结果表明通过对64种病症的104种亚型的统计分析,获得肌肉骨骼系统与结缔组织病症针灸Ⅰ级病语13种亚型,Ⅱ级病谱51种亚型,Ⅲ级病谱10种亚型,Ⅳ级病谱30种亚型.说明针灸治疗肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织病症有较为广泛的优势.     

A birdcage model for the Chinese meridian system: Part V: Applications to animals and plants

Since we all belong to the Kingdom Animalia, it is not surprising that animals in general benefit from the healing art of acupuncture that helps humans. Consequently, any proposed mechanism of Qi and acupuncture for humans based on animal physiology is probably applicable to animals as well, yet none is capable of explaining most of the complicated physiological effects observed. Not much attention was paid to the effects of Qi and acupuncture on plants (Kingdom Plantae) and on enoki mushrooms (Kingdom Fungi) by the TCM community, probably because they cannot be explained in terms of neurochemistry or connective tissue structures. However, our transmission and birdcage model is in principle applicable across Kingdom boundaries, because it is based on physical properties underlying the biological structure, thus its explanatory power is not restricted by categories of biology. We estimate several possible parameters of the birdcage model for animals and plants and give a possible interpretation for the sound fertilization phenomenon.     

Progress on clinical study of acupuncture treatment for chronic pelvic inflammation

Chronic pelvic inflammation is mostly caused by incomplete treatment of acute pelvic inflammation or by transference from pathologic condition due to poor body constitution, including chronic endometritis, chronic salpingo-oophoritis and chronic inflammation of connective tissue, and is a commonly and frequently encountered disease in the gynecology department. Due to long duration, intractable condition and high recurrent rate, it is also a commonly encountered reason to induce heterotopic pregnancy, sterility,