边缘系创伤反应性髓鞘碱性蛋白表达与超微结构观察

目的：探讨创伤反应性中枢神经系统（ＣＮＳ）间接受损的可能机制。方法：借助犬双后肢低、高速投射物致伤模型,观察了边缘系下丘脑、海马及颞顶区脑组织髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）表达及超微结构改变。结果：伤后８ｈ低速组下丘脑ＭＢＰ－ｍＲＮＡ表达增强（Ｐ〈０．０１）;高速组下丘脑、海马ＭＢＰ含量明显增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＭＢＰ－ｍＲＮＡ表达增强（Ｐ〈０．０１）;超微结构改变以高速组下丘脑、海马为著,多集中于神经元     

脊髓压迫性损伤神经纤维溃变和髓鞘碱性蛋白的表达变化

目的　观察脊髓压迫性损伤中白质神经纤维溃变及MBP的表达变化。 方法　采用自行设计的压迫装置制作脊髓压迫性损伤模型,运用luxol fast blue（LFB）、免疫荧光和western blot等方法来检测脊髓受压1、3、7 d后的白质纤维变化及MBP表达变化。 结果　脊髓受压后,白质髓鞘化神经纤维出现水肿,排列疏松、髓鞘缺失等退行性溃变;髓鞘化纤维数目逐渐减少。蛋白MBP表达随着压迫时间进行性下降。 结论　脊髓压迫性损伤可导致神经纤维溃变,MBP表达下调是神经纤维溃变的原因之一。     

髓鞘碱性蛋白Ⅱ的纯化与鉴定

为研究实验性变态反应性神经炎（Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌａｌｌｅｒｇｉｃｎｅｕｒｉｔｉｓ，ＥＮＡ）和格林－巴利综合征（ＧＢＳ）的发病机理，寻找ＧＢＳ的有效诊断，治疗方法，本实验采用反复超速离心，稀盐酸等电点沉淀，ＣＭ－２２弱酸性阳离子交换层析等方法，从牛硬脊膜内马尾神经根中提取到的高纯度髓鞘碱性蛋白Ⅱ（ＭｙｅｌｉｎＢａｓｉｃ，ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎⅡＰ２）。临床结果表明，该蛋白的分子量为１５０００，ｐｌ＝９     

胎儿胰腺S100蛋白表达的发育

目的：探索人胚胎发育过程中胰腺S100蛋白表达的发生和分布。方法：采用免疫组织化学EnVision法,选用S100蛋白抗体对30例人胚胎胰腺进行标记。结果：S100蛋白免疫反应性纤维沿腺泡、导管和血管分布。胎龄14周胰腺内开始出现S100蛋白免疫反应性纤维样结构,并随胎龄逐渐增加,至胚胎发育后期（胎龄24-28周）达到高峰,至35周后开始减少。结论：胰腺神经系统的发育有明显的阶段性。     

髓鞘碱性蛋白致敏小鼠及其免疫机制的研究

采用有机溶剂、稀盐酸抽提及CM 5 2离子交换提取人髓鞘碱性蛋白 (MBP )抗原 ,并用以致敏KM小鼠 ,观察小鼠实验性变态尖性脑脊髓炎 (EAE)发病情况并检测其免疫功能 ,包括MBP特异性淋巴细胞转化、NK功能、IL 2及MBP抗体。实验结果显示 :按四级打分法 ,6 0只KM小鼠有 41只小鼠出现 1～ 2分临床症状 ,发病率为 6 8 3% ;发病组MBP特异性淋巴细胞转化指数 (SI ) ,NK杀伤功能及IL 2水平明显增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;MBP抗体与发病程度呈负相关 (r= 0 986 )。实验证明 :自制的人MBP具有生物活性 ,可诱导KM小鼠为EAE模型。     

多发性硬化患者抗髓鞘碱性蛋白抗体的检测及其意义

目的 检测多发性硬化(MS)患者抗髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)抗体并探讨其意义.方法 采用ELISA方法测定56例多发性硬化患者急性期血清和脑脊液配对标本的抗髓鞘碱性蛋白抗体,30例其它神经疾病(OND)患者及36例正常人(NC)为对照.结果 以OND组患者OD值为标准,测得MS患者脑脊液抗MBP抗体,其阳性率为26.8%,与OND组比较有显著性意义;以NC组OD值为对照,MS患者血清抗MBP抗体阳性率为78.6%,OND组抗MBP抗体阳性率为50%,与NC组均有显著性意义,MS患者与OND组患者抗MBP抗体阳性率比较亦有显著性意义.结论 多发性硬化患者脑脊液和血液中均可检测到抗MBP抗体,可为临床诊断和治疗提供指导.     

缺血缺氧性脑病对新生儿外周血髓鞘碱性蛋白水平变化的Meta分析

目的:系统分析髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)在不同程度缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)新生儿血清水平变化。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane Library等数据库,从建库至2016-11-25收录的有关HIE新生儿MBP血清水平变化的研究。对符合纳入和排除标准的随机或半随机对照研究进行数据提取和质量评估后,用RevMan5.3软件对文献数据进行Meta分析。结果:共检索文献156篇,最终纳入6篇。6篇文献结果数据均完整,对结局指标均有报道,不存在选择性结果报道,其它潜在偏倚风险不确定。Meta分析显示,与对照组相比,轻度、中度和重度HIE均可引起新生儿外周血MBP水平升高,且重度中度轻度。轻度HIE新生儿MBP水平合并标准化均数差(SMD)=1.82(95%CI:0.65-2.99,P0.01),中度HIE新生儿MBP水平SMD=4.02(95%CI:1.55-6.49,P0.01),重度HIE新生儿MBP水平SMD=6.06(95%CI:3.35-8.78,P0.01)。中度与轻度HIE相比,MBP水平SMD=2.46(95%CI:0.71-4.22,P0.01);重度与轻度HIE相比,MBP水平SMD=4.85(95%CI:2.59-7.10,P0.01);重度与中度HIE相比,MBP水平SMD=2.94(95%CI:1.21-4.67,P0.01)。纳入6项研究存在明显发表偏倚。结论:不同程度HIE新生儿外周血MBP水平升高可为其临床诊断提供帮助。     

S—100蛋白与周围神经

S—100是蛋白,于1965年在牛脑浸液中首先分离出来的一组可溶性、低分子量、高酸性pH4.1蛋白质,沉降分数2.0;因其在中性饱和硫酸胺溶液中百分之百地溶解而得名.生理情况下S—100仅存在于神经系统内,是一种神经系统特异蛋白质.1 S—100的生物学特征及生理活性S—100是性质相近的一组蛋白质,它是由α、β两个亚单位(单体)组成的不同形式的二聚体;其中α、β组成的S—100α和β组成的S—100β是S—100的主要成分.S—100在结构上属于钙结合蛋白,它有与钙调蛋白等结构相似的特征,推测它可能有类似Ca~(++)调节功能.S—100存在于神经细胞内可能参与了贮存和转运细胞内Ca~(++)的作用,并参与神经细胞的生长、分化、代谢的调节.许多体内外实验都证实S—100可以被合成后经细胞分泌出细胞体外而发挥作用.已证实神经胶质瘤C_6细胞表现出分泌S—100β的能力,并由此观察到S—100合成分泌高峰出现于所在细胞分裂周期的GI期;细胞间的相互接触刺激似乎能增加其合成.ACTH     

口服髓鞘碱性蛋白诱导免疫耐受治疗实验性自身免疫 …

目的 建立实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（ＥＡＥ）动物模型，探讨口服自身抗原诱导免疫耐受对大鼠ＥＡＥ的防治作用。方法 在普通Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠经１次足跖真皮内注射完全弗氏佐剂－豚鼠全脊髓匀浆或完全弗氏佐剂－髓鞘碱性蛋白乳剂加百日咳疫功诱发ＥＡＥ疾病；另在大鼠致炎前及发病后口服髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ），观察其对ＥＡＥ的防治作用。     

猫年龄相关的视网膜γ-氨基丁酸和神经丝蛋白表达

目的：对老年猫与青年猫视网膜的变化进行比较研究。方法：运用免疫组织化学ABC法显示卜氨基丁酸（GABA）、神经丝蛋白（NF）阳性结构。显微镜下观察GABA、NF阳性反应,并计阳性细胞数。结果：老年猫、青年猫GABA免疫反应阳性结构均见于无长突细胞、内网状层、神经节细胞和神经纤维层。老年猫NF阳性结构见于水平细胞、无长突细胞以及神经节细胞。青年猫无长突细胞未见阳性反应。与青年猫相比较,老年猫视网膜中GABA、NF阳性反应强于青年猫,免疫反应阳性细胞显著增加。结论：老年猫视网膜在衰老过程中呈现年龄相关的结构改变,这可能是造成视觉功能衰退的重要因素之一。     

Detection of brain-specific autoantibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, S100beta and myelin basic protein in patients with Devic's neuromyelitis optica.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare syndrome characterized by the combination of acute optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, usually not seen in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating syndromes of the central nervous system (CNS). A high prevalence of various autoantibodies has been described in patients with NMO suggesting a polyclonal activation of the humoral immune system. We examined autoantibody responses to myelin (MBP, MOG with isotypes and epitopes) and astroglial (S100beta) antigens in four patients with NMO by ELISA and Immunoblot. All patients showed a positive anti-MOG response, with one showing reaction to the MOG epitope corresponding to amino acid sequence 63-87. MBP-autoantibodies were only detected in two and S100beta-autoantibodies in one patient. Despite the limited number of samples, these findings suggest a predominant anti-MOG rather than anti-MBP or anti-S100beta autoantibody response in NMO, though no NMO-specific antibody pattern was found, which is in keeping with a widespread acute immune activation, including a strong B-cell response.     

Contribution of changes in ubiquitin and myelin basic protein to age-related cognitive decline

The structural substrates for age-associated cognitive and motor slowing are not known, but age-related white matter changes, such as ubiquitin (UBQ)-immunoreactive granular degeneration of myelin, might contribute to this slowing. To address this hypothesis we measured immunoreactivity for UBQ and myelin basic protein (MBP) in frontal white matter of age-, sex- and postmortem interval-matched cases with no cognitive impairment (NCI; N=12), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; N=14) and Alzheimer disease (AD; N=12). There were no significant correlations between UBQ in white matter and cognitive measures, but MBP was significantly lower in AD compared with NCI and MCI. MBP correlated with overall cognition as assessed by neuropsychological summary scores, as well as with timed cognitive tests and those that reflect frontal functions. An age-related decrease in MBP immunoreactivity was detected in NCI cases (r=0.71). These results support the hypothesis that white matter pathology may contribute to age-associated decline in cognition.     

T-cell recognition of myelin basic protein

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which has been hypothesized to be autoimmune in nature. To test whether this is the case, Kai Wucherp fennig and colleagues have developed a set of criteria that must be met to satisfy the hypothesis. Here, they present these criteria and assess the extent to which studies to date satisfy them.     

In vitro carboxymethylation of myelin basic protein

During a study to find natural substrate proteins of carboxymethylation, myelin basic protein was found to be a good substrate. The two protein carboxymethylases were purified partially using myelin basic protein as a substrate. These two enzymes may be identical with protein carboxymethylase I and II, which have been found to methylate gamma-globulin. The Km of myelin basic protein (25 microM) was very small compared with other substrates. The activities of the two carboxymethylases were high in the rat brain in comparison to the other rat organs. The activity increased during the period of myelination in the rat brain. These findings suggest that carboxymethylation of myelin basic protein may play an important role in myelination.     

Monoclonal antibodies reactive with myelin basic protein

New monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to myelin basic protein (BP) reveal epitopes to be in sequences 22–34, 75–82, 83–96, 118–131 and 125–131. Comparison of these results with those previously reported suggest that almost every sequence of about 10 amino acid residues may be sufficiently antigenic to make a single MAb but that certain regions are immunodominant, strong enough to make practically the same MAb repeatedly. One of these new MAbs (clone 3) has especially interesting reactivity, sharply limited to residues 75–82 in bovine and porcine BP: Lys-Ala-Gln-His-Gly-Arg-Pro. Whales presumably have the same sequence, since their BPs are fully reactive with clone 3 MAb, but all other species of BP, with known sequences of BP, have at least two changes in this sequence. Deletion of Lys⁷⁵ (as in a tryptic peptide of porcine BP) reduces reactivity with the MAb about 10-fold, whereas substitution of Ala⁷⁶ by Ser (as in all other species of BP) and either deletion of Gln⁷⁷ (as in human, monkey and rabbit BP) or His⁷⁸ (as in the guinea pig and rat BP) or substitution of Pro⁸² by Thr (as in human, monkey, rat and mouse BP) eliminates reactivity. We speculate that woodchuck and prairie dog BPs in this region closely resemble chicken BP, which has about 2% of the original reactivity. However, squirrel BP is unique, probably having only one of the changes in this region of BP, since it possesses 10–20 times the reactivity of chicken BP but still only 20–50% of the original reactivity with clone 3 MAb, a degree of reactivity not seen with any other species of BP.