60例不同材料听骨链重建术的对比分析

目的 回顾性分析Ⅲa型鼓室成形术采用自体和人工材料重建听骨链在听力改善、手术时间及费用的差别,为听骨链重建材料的选择提供参考.方法 对接受Ⅲa型鼓室成形术使用自体砧骨、多孔聚乙烯部分听骨和钛质部分听骨进行听骨链重建的随访资料完整的60例(60耳)进行回顾性总结,其中32例为闭合式手术,28例为开放式手术.听力统计以500、1000、2000和4000 Hz的平均气骨导差值计算.结果闭合式手术中自体砧骨组、多孔聚乙烯部分听骨、钛质部分听骨三组比较,术后平均气骨导差分别缩小(16.7±15.0)dB、(18.8±15.3)dB、(14.7±7.7)dB,均有明显改善,各组听力改善程度没有显著差别.开放式手术的自体砧骨组的听力改善不如人工听骨的两组听力改善.三组的手术时间没有显著差别,但是采用自体砧骨的住院费是最低的,使用钛质听骨显著增加了医疗费用.结论 自体和人工听骨链重建材料都可以有效提高听力,选择自体砧骨的鼓室成形术可以减少医疗费用.但在合并开放式乳突根治术时听力改善不如使用人工听骨材料.     

钛人工听骨在Ⅰ期鼓室成形术中的临床疗效分析

目的观察钛人工听骨在慢性中耳炎患者进行Ⅰ期听力重建鼓室成形术中的应用情况,为钛人工听骨的临床使用提供参考。方法以2008年9月至2010年6月在南昌大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科住院手术的慢性中耳炎患者为研究对象,回顾性分析299例(耳)使用钛人工听骨进行I期听力重建鼓室成形术的疗效,对患者进行纯音听力检查,比较术前和术后气骨导差的变化。手术方法均为开放式鼓室成形术,视上鼓室外侧壁(桥)保留与否和植入人工听骨类型的不同,将术后听力结果随访完整的112例病例分为三组:组一:留桥鼓室成形术,植入PORP;组二:断桥鼓室成形术,植入PORP;组三:断桥鼓室成形术,植入TORP。结果 :术后随访3月至1年,术后气骨导差≤20dB者共43例,其中植入部分人工听骨(PORP)42例,植入全人工听骨(TORP)1例。组一与组二比较,术后气骨导差无统计学意义,但各组之间术前与术后气骨导差改善均有统计学意义,植入PORP组比植入TORP组术后气骨导差改善更明显,且有统计学意义。所有病例无胆脂瘤复发,3例人工听骨排出。结论手术方式与术后听力改善无关,植入的方式与术后听力改善有关。     

自体砧骨听骨链成形术的听力重建效果

目的探讨以自体砧骨重建听骨链的开放式IIIa型鼓室成形术的听力改善疗效。方法回顾性收集16例(16耳)因慢性化脓性中耳炎或胆脂瘤中耳炎接受开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术患者的临床资料,所有病例均采用自体砧骨进行听骨链重建。术后随访3-6个月,评估患者手术后听力改善情况,分析指标为手术前后言语频率的纯音听阈及气骨导差。结果所有均达到干耳。纯音气导听阈从术前的45.2到干耳。降至术后的30.6的干耳。纯音气导听阈(P<0.05)。术前、术后气骨导差分别为33.1、术后7dB及19.8、术后7dB分别为从术前的析,其中气骨导差小于20dB者占62.5%(10/16)。结论在本组病例中,以自体砧骨行听骨链重建开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术,获得了较好的近期听力改善效果,其远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

钛人工听骨应用于开放式鼓室成形术的近期疗效

目的探讨在开放式鼓室成形术中应用钛人工听骨的近期效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年12月期间在开放式鼓室成形术中采用钛人工听骨进行听力重建的41例(41耳)患者的临床资料,其中采用部分听骨赝复物(PORP)31例,全部听骨赝复物(TORP)10例,比较手术前及手术后6个月0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0kHz气导平均听阈及气骨导差。结果 41耳术前0.5～4kHz平均气导听阈为56.32±6.53dB HL,术后为41.28±7.62dB HL,较术前降低15.04dB,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术前平均气骨导差(ABG)为30.01±6.11dB,术后为15.47±5.41dB,较术前缩小14.54dB,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中34耳术后ABG小于20dB,听力重建总成功率达82.93%(34/41)。所有手术耳术后均干耳。结论钛人工听骨应用于开放式鼓室成形术听力重建效果好,是适合于鼓室成形术中应用的理想人工听骨。     

慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓室成形术中听骨材料的优化选择

目的探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓室成形术听骨材料的优化选择的依据，为临床提供参考。方法59例慢性化脓性中耳炎，根据听骨链破坏及重建方式不同分为两组，A组：镫骨板上结构存在，行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术31例，其中应用人工听骨17例，自体骨14例；B组：镫骨板上结构缺失，行III型鼓室成形术28例，其中应用人工听骨15例，自体骨13例。分别比较两组应用不同听骨材料行听力重建患者手术前后的平均气骨导差。结果A组：应用人工听骨及自体骨术后平均气骨导差分别比术前缩小（13.28±8.67）、（13.63±8.92）dB，两种材料手术前后患者的平均气骨导差值的组间差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）；B组：应用人工听骨及自体骨术后平均气骨导差分别比术前缩小（13.49±8.84）、（7.26±8.67）dB，两种材料手术前后患者的平均气骨导差值的组间差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论慢性化脓性中耳炎，若镫骨板上结构存在，人工听骨与自体骨术听力重建效果相当，为节省费用自体骨可优先考虑；如镫骨板上结构缺失，人工听骨听力重建效果优于自体骨，建议首选人工听骨。     

钛质人工听骨在一期鼓室成形术中的应用

目的研究钛质人工听骨植入在一期鼓室成形术中的疗效。方法对3 1例用钛质人工听骨行一期鼓室成形术的患者,随访3-6个月。通过计算术前术后纯音测听得出气骨导阈值的平均值,比较手术后气导的恢复情况和手术前后的气骨导差。结果 3 1例患者术后鼓膜愈合良好,未见人工听骨排异反应,及听骨脱出,有1例在术后2个月时发生感染。31耳术前气导听力30.00~88.75dB,平均为(59.27±15.67)dB,术后气导平均听力为(43.10±14.64)dB,与术前相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前骨导听力为10.00~43.75dB,平均为(23.06±9.18)dB,术后骨导平均听力为(22.82±7.49)dB,与术前相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前气骨导差(ABG)为11.25~62..5dB,平均为(36.21±11.88)dB,术后ABG平均为(19.40±12.92)dB,二者比较,差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。术后ABG≤20dB且ABG较术前缩小15dB为听力提高有效,共有13耳,有效率为41.94%(13/31)。结论钛质人工听骨植入在一期鼓室成形术中可以取得满意的听力效果,术后并发症少,排除率低,在有听骨链破坏行Ⅰ期鼓室成形术中值得推广应用。     

可调节钛金属部分听骨赝复物在II型鼓室成形术中的应用

目的探讨可调节部分钛听骨在II型鼓室成形术听力重建中的疗效。方法回顾分析95例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者（均为单耳发病）,随机分为两组,实验组（47耳）：应用可调节钛金属部分听骨赝复物（PORP）行开放式乳突根治术+II型鼓室成形术;对照组（48耳）：应用固定型钛听骨PORP重建听骨链。术后所有患者均随访1年以上,术后3个月、1年时分别对比两组的手术前后听力变化（0.5、1、2、4 kHz）及有效率。结果①实验组中1耳钛听骨移位;1耳筋膜裂缝,纳入听力研究45耳。一期手术成功率为95.7%（45/47）,对照组中2耳钛听骨移位、2耳筋膜裂缝,纳入听力研究44耳。一期手术成功率为91.7%（44/48）;②实验组与对照组比较,术后3个月气骨导差比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后1年气骨导差比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;③实验组与对照组有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论可调节钛听骨应用于听骨链重建有独特优越性,术后3个月听力恢复优于固定型钛听骨,为中耳传音材料提供新的选择。     

三种不同材料应用于慢性中耳炎听力重建的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同类型听骨赝复体应用于慢性中耳炎听力重建的疗效。方法:143例(143耳)慢性中耳炎患者分别用钛合金人工听骨(A组,52例)、羟基磷灰石人工听骨(B组,47例)和自体骨(C组,44例)在开放式鼓室成形术中重建听力。随访24个月以上,比较3组术后并发症及0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率。结果:术后12个月,3组气导平均听阈、平均气骨导差均较术前缩小(均P<0.05),A组重建成功率(78.7%)略优于B、C组(68.1%、70.4%),差异无统计学意义。术后24个月,B、C组气导平均听阈、平均气骨导差与术后12个月比较,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);B、C组重建成功率(48.9%、45.5%)均低于A组(76.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用钛合金人工听骨在开放式鼓室成形术中行Ⅰ期听力重建,对提高听力更有效,稳定性强,并发症少。     

比较自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨对鼓室成形术后骨导听力的影响

目的　比较自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨对鼓室成形术后骨导听力改变的临床疗效。方法　回顾分析我科2008～2012年72例使用自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙 烯听骨进行开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术听骨链重建患者的临床资料,利用纯音测听对患者手术前后0.5、1、2和4 kHz频率处的骨导听阈进行比较。结果　两组手术术前骨导听阈有提高,术后各个频率骨导听力均有改善,2 kHz最明显,其次是1 kHz;多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨植入组术后各个频率骨导听阈改善幅度大于自体听骨植入组;对两组病程小于10年与大于10年进行平均骨导听阈比较,发现病程长短在对比两组患者手术后骨导听阈改善中无统计学差异。结论　开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术中采用自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨均能改善骨导听力,后者效果更好。     

286例三种重建材料Ⅱ型鼓室成形术听力比较分析

目的:探讨自体砧骨、耳廓软骨及钛质部分人工听骨(PORP)三种重建材料行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术对听力的影响.方法:回顾性分析应用耳廓软骨、自体砧骨和钛质PORP重建听骨链的286例Ⅱ型鼓室成形术患者的临床资料.对各组患者手术前后0.5、1、2和4 kHz的气骨导差(ABG)进行统计和分析,并比较其术前术后的听力变化及术后并发症...     

Hearing after surgery for cholesteatoma using various techniques

The late results in 740 patients with cholesteatoma subjected to one-stage canal wall down mastoidectomy (262 patients), modified canal wall up mastoidectomy (324 patients), and tympanoplasty without mastoidectomy (154 patients) were analyzed with regard to hearing and the condition of the drum. Mean observation time was 9.3 years, range 3-21 years. Postoperative hearing (air bone gap and pure tone average) and as hearing at the last evaluation was significantly better in the canal wall up group, than in the canal wall down group, but also the preoperative hearing was better in the canal wall up group. The postoperative hearing was best in the group with tympanoplasty only without mastoidectomy. It is concluded that no single method is optimal in all cases of cholesteatoma and that cholesteatoma surgery should be individualized.     

Ossicular chain reconstruction: titanium versus plastipore

OBJECTIVE: To compare the complication rate and hearing results of a new, lightweight, titanium ossicular replacement prosthesis with Plastipore prostheses (Xomed, Jacksonville, FL). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for type of operation, type of prosthesis used, extrusion rate, prostheses failure rate, and hearing thresholds at multiple frequencies and at multiple follow-up points. The dependant variable for hearing results was the four-frequency average air-bone gap. RESULTS: There were 84 patients undergoing tympanoplasty with the Plastipore prosthesis and 53 with the titanium. There was one extrusion in the titanium group. There was an additional single incidence of prosthesis failure in the titanium group. Overall hearing results were comparable with an air-bone gap average of 19.3 dB in the Plastipore group compared with the titanium group with an air-bone gap of 22.0 dB (P =.08). Sixty percent of patients had a postoperative air-bone gap of 20 dB or less in the Plastipore group. In the titanium group, 45.3% achieved a 20 dB or less postoperative air-bone gap. Plastipore had a lower air-bone gap than the titanium when a canal wall up operation was performed (17.8 vs. 23.9 dB) and tended toward a lower air-bone gap when a total ossicular prosthesis was needed (22 vs. 27 dB) (P <.07). CONCLUSION: The titanium prosthesis is a new ossicular replacement prosthesis that provides excellent visualization during insertion and provides hearing results that are comparable with Plastipore. The Plastipore prosthesis performed better in canal wall up mastoidectomy situations and tended toward better performance when a total ossicular replacement prosthesis was needed.     

Role of ossiculoplasty in canal wall down tympanoplasty for middle-ear cholesteatoma: hearing results

The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing results of ossiculoplasty in canal wall down tympanoplasty in one stage middle-ear cholesteatoma surgery. We carried out a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 142 cases which had undergone type two or three canal wall down tympanoplasty with ossicular reconstruction, between January 1995 and December 2002, due to chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma.Pre-operative audiometric testing revealed a mean air conduction pure tone average (PTA) of 50.97 dB and a mean bone conduction PTA of 22.14 dB. The mean post-operative result for air conduction PTA was 37.62 and for bone conduction PTA was 23.37 dB. The mean pre- and post-operative air-bone gaps (ABGs) were 28.83 and 13.94 dB, respectively, with a gain of 14.89 dB. Almost 62.67 per cent of patients closed their ABGs to within 20 dB. Our functional results are comparable with those of other authors. In the present study, we show that hearing improvement is possible following cholesteatoma surgery with canal wall down tympanoplasty and ossicular chain reconstruction.     

中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎手术临床分析

目的　探讨中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎术式选择及临床效果。方法　对110例中耳乳突病变,包括中耳胆脂瘤和慢性化脓性中耳炎,根据范围显微镜下实施完壁式或开放式乳突根治,部分同时鼓室成形术,随访术后干耳状况、并发症、复发情况以及术后听力改善程度等。结果　110例患者中66例中耳胆脂瘤、44例慢性化脓性中耳炎,出现颅内外并发症者7例。手术方式：51例（46.36%）行完壁式乳突根治术,46例（41.81%）同时行鼓室成形术,59例（53.64%）行开放式乳突根治术。完壁式乳突根治术后听 力提高＞25 dB 37例（33.64%）,＞15 dB 14例（12.72%）;开放式乳突根治术后听力提高＞15 dB 5例（4.55%）,听力减退4例（3.64%）,比较手术前后言语频率区平均听阈,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术后随访1年发现开放式和完壁式两组胆脂瘤复发共4例。结论　中耳胆脂瘤与慢性化脓性中耳炎通过选择恰当手术方式可获得较好的临床疗效。     

Evaluation of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for draining ear with middle ear cholesteatoma

OBJECTIVES: We studied the postoperative stability of canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction for middle ear cholesteatoma with preoperative otorrhea. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 155 ears with middle ear cholesteatoma treated with canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction were evaluated retrospectively. A comparison was made between the group of 80 ears which showed otorrhea, preoperatively, and the group of 75 without preoperative otorrhea. Problems observed in the tympanic membrane or reconstructed external auditory canal were evaluated both at the postoperative initial stage and more than 1 year after surgery. Postoperative hearing prognosis was also studied. RESULTS: 1) In the postoperative initial stage, local infection and necrosis of materials for canal reconstruction were significantly more likely to be observed in ears with preoperative otorrhea. 2) In ears with postoperative local infection, necrosis of materials for canal reconstruction occurred more frequently, and the period until drying of the reconstructed external auditory canal was significantly extended. 3) No significant difference was seen in postoperative status of the tympanic membrane and reconstructed ear canal at least 1 year after surgery. 4) The presence of preoperative otorrhea had no influence on hearing prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: When canal wall down tympanoplasty with canal reconstruction is used for ears with preoperative otorrhea, careful attention should be paid to local treatment at the postoperative initial stage. However, no significant problem occurred in the outcome of preoperative ear draining at least 1 year after surgery.     

Hearing results of canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for middle ear cholesteatoma in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate post-operative hearing results in children with middle ear cholesteatoma, and to analyze the correlation between hearing results and clinical factors and findings before and during the operation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four ears of 123 children were operated on for middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger by canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty and were followed up more than 1 year after the final operation. We evaluated the average air and bone conduction hearing levels at the speech ranges before the first operation (pre-operative hearing) and after the final operation (post-operative hearing). RESULTS: The mean of the average air conduction hearing level of 124 ears was significantly improved from 34.7 to 27.1 dB after the final operation. Among them, 84 ears (67.8%) showed a hearing level of 30 dB or less post-operatively. Post-operative hearing was better in the one-stage group than in the staged group. However, more than one-half of the ears which underwent type IV tympanoplasty in the staged group showed post-operative air conduction hearing level of < or =30 dB. Significant improvement in post-operative hearing was noted in ears with normal middle ear mucosa or middle ear effusion at the final operation. No correlation between hearing improvement and clinical factors such as age, type of cholesteatoma or presence of otitis media with effusion at the first operation was found. CONCLUSIONS: Children with middle ear cholesteatoma at the age of 10 years or younger exhibited good hearing post-operatively. Satisfactory hearing improvement is expected even in ears without the superstructure of the stapes if staged tympanoplasty is conducted. Canal wall reconstruction tympanoplasty for pediatric cholesteatoma was successful in terms of hearing results and the success was unrelated to various clinical factors.     

Functional results of Plastipore prostheses for middle ear ossicular chain reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: Assessment of plastipore prostheses for middle ear ossicular chain reconstruction. Hearing results with total and partial Plastipore ossicular replacement prostheses (TORP and PORP) were evaluated in open- and closed-cavity operations. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of 237 patients who underwent operation for chronic ear disease as well as ossiculoplasty with plastipore prostheses. In order to assess the functional results, only 156 of 237 patients were included in the study. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 46 months. METHODS: Canal wall up and canal wall down operations were performed. Either TORP or PORP ossiculoplasty was performed in each operation. An airbone gap closure to within 20 dB was considered successful. RESULTS: With TORPs, the airbone gap closure to within 20 dB was achieved in 43.1%, and similar results were obtained with PORPs in 63.3%. In canal wall down and canal wall up operations, the success rates were 55.8% and 55.7%, respectively. The best results were obtained with PORPs in canal wall down operations, with a success rate of 82%. The extrusion rate of the prostheses was 4.2%. CONCLUSION: Hearing results of PORPs are better than TORPs. In canal wall up and canal wall down operations similar hearing results are obtained. PORP ossiculoplasty in a canal wall down operation yields the most favorable hearing result.     

Cartilage ossiculoplasty by lever method

CONCLUSION: We invented a new ossicular chain reconstruction by lever methods (OCRLM) in tympanoplasty type III with the canal wall down technique and investigated the postoperative hearing results of the 24 patients who had undergone this surgery. Postoperative air-bone gaps (ABGs) followed up for 2.1-3.2 years gave satisfactory improvement audiometrically compared with former reports. OBJECTIVE: To present newly devised methods applied from the viewpoint of mechanical dynamics for ossicular chain reconstruction in tympanoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 cholesteatoma patients who underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy using the canal wall down technique and ossicular chain reconstruction with OCRLM between May 2003 and April 2004 were investigated. The postoperative ABG of a four-frequency (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) average of OCRLM followed up for 2 years or more was assessed. RESULTS: Patients who underwent OCRLM showed good postoperative hearing results. Average postoperative ABGs of less than 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 dB were 4.2, 37.5, 70.8, 91.6, and 100%, respectively. A gap of >30 dB was absent and the mean postoperative ABG was 17.2dB. The OCRLM method was satisfactory to improve hearing and effectively reduce the ABG postoperatively over the period of observation.     

Clinical analysis on surgical management of type III external auditory canal cholesteatoma: a report of 12 cases

Objective: To investigate surgical management of type III EACC with lesions involving the posterior external auditory canal and mastoid.

Methods: This retrospective case review was conducted in 12 patients with type III EACC who underwent intact canal wall mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty and canal wall reconstruction with autologous cortical bone.

Results: During the follow-up, all patients obtained successful results on external auditory canal structures and hearing improvement, except for one patient who needed a revision operation for the fistula between the reconstructed wall and the mastoid.

Conclusion: Intact canal wall mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty and canal wall reconstruction with autologous cortical bone was proved to be an effective and inexpensive choice for the patients with type III external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) to achieve optimal outcomes.     

Cartilage ossiculoplasty by lever method

Conclusion. We invented a new ossicular chain reconstruction by lever methods (OCRLM) in tympanoplasty type III with the canal wall down technique and investigated the postoperative hearing results of the 24patients who had undergone this surgery. Postoperative air–bone gaps (ABGs) followed up for 2.1–3.2years gave satisfactory improvement audiometrically compared with former reports. Objective. To present newly devised methods applied from the viewpoint of mechanical dynamics for ossicular chain reconstruction in tympanoplasty. Materials and methods. A total of 24 cholesteatoma patients who underwent tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy using the canal wall down technique and ossicular chain reconstruction with OCRLM between May 2003 and April 2004 were investigated. The postoperative ABG of a four-frequency (0.5, 1, 2, and 4kHz) average of OCRLM followed up for 2years or more was assessed. Results. Patients who underwent OCRLM showed good postoperative hearing results. Average postoperative ABGs of less than 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30dB were 4.2, 37.5, 70.8, 91.6, and 100%, respectively. A gap of >30dB was absent and the mean postoperative ABG was 17.2dB. The OCRLM method was satisfactory to improve hearing and effectively reduce the ABG postoperatively over the period of observation.