介入治疗急性大出血25例临床总结

目的 探讨介入治疗急性大出血的临床应用价值.方法 25例患者,根据出血部位的不同:动脉性出血造影明确诊断后对靶血管用PVA颗粒、明胶海绵或弹簧圈进行柃塞治疗;门脉高压性出血根据患者情况分别行TIPS分流术,经皮肝穿胃冠状静脉栓塞术和(或)部分脾栓塞术.结果 介入治疗急性大出血的有效率为84%(21/25),术后随访3个月至1年,有2例复发(2/25).结论 介入治疗是一种安全、高效、简便、损伤小的治疗方法,对急性大出血有很好的临床应用价值.     

血管内介入治疗头颈部创伤性血管损伤

目的 评估血管内介入治疗颈部外伤性血管损伤的治疗效果.方法 回顾血管内介入治疗外伤性颈动脉或椎动脉损伤16例,分析其临床及影像表现,血管内介入治疗(栓塞或支架植入)和预后.结果 16例患者中,男性14例,女性2例,年龄17～46岁.血管损伤的原因有车祸,摔伤,刀伤和斗殴.2例(12.5％)有多处损伤;12例假性动脉瘤,5例动静脉瘘,2例动脉破裂有活动性出血.共20处病变中,行栓塞治疗14处,支架植入6处.随访一年内,临床改善或稳定14例,1例支架完全闭塞,1例动静瘘复通.结论 合理采用血管内介入治疗头颈部创伤性血管损伤是安全、有效的治疗方法.     

腹部手术后迟发出血的血管内介入治疗

目的探讨腹部手术后及微创诊疗术后迟发出血患者血管造影表现及血管内介入治疗效果 方法分析2010年7月至2013年5月我科对17例腹部手术后及微创诊疗术后迟发出血患者行血管腔内治疗,所有病例均行手术区超选择插管造影及栓塞治疗。 结果17例患者中血管造影有阳性发现者15例,其中有对比剂外渗者12例,9例可同时可见血管损伤征象,3例只表现血管损伤征象。栓塞治疗后15例出血得到控制,2例效果差,其中1例2天后死亡,1例再次手术。 结论经血管栓塞治疗创伤小,止血及时有效,可及时稳定患者病情,为进一步救治赢得时间。是术后迟发性出血的首选治疗方法。     

大批量地震伤员的早期救治

目的 探讨大批量地震伤员的早期救治方法.方法 对1 123例地震伤员实施早期救治.受伤部位:四肢伤925例,脊柱伤65例,头部伤46例,胸部伤53例,腹部伤72例.单部位伤809例,多发伤314例.紧急手术67例,其中肝破裂修补13例,脾破裂行脾切除14例,肠系膜血管损伤修补3例,腹部多脏器损伤修补6例,胸腹联合伤行胸腹脏器损伤修补及膈肌破裂修补4例,颅内血肿清除术12例,肺破裂修补4例,肺及支气管部分切除5例,心脏压塞行心包切开1例,连枷胸行肋骨内固定5例.早期手术166例,其中早期单纯清创105例,清创加骨折外固定支架固定36例,截肢25例.结果 406例治愈出院,673例经初期治疗后转院治疗,死亡3例.结论 分级救治方法适用于大批量地震伤员的早期救治.危重伤员及伴有严重心肺等基础疾病的地震伤员早期应采用损害控制技术.反复检诊是防止延误诊治的有效方法.     

颅内动脉瘤显微手术与血管内介入治疗疗效比较

目的 比较颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术与血管内介入治疗的疗效.方法 回顾性分析颅内动脉瘤行血管内介入和显微手术治疗各54例患者资料,比较两组术后恢复良好率、GOS评分、并发症发生率、平均住院时间.结果 根据GOS评分,介入治疗组术后恢复良好、轻残、重残、植物生存、死亡分别为41例、6例、4例、2例、1例,而显微手术组分别为39例、8例、5例、1例、1例.介入治疗组、显微手术组的并发症分别为5例（9.26％）、6例（占11.1％）,平均住院时间分别为（8.2±0.9）d、（8.3±1.0）d.两组术后恢复良好率、GOS评分、并发症发生率、平均住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义.结论 血管内介入与显微手术治疗颅内动脉瘤疗效无明显差异,应根据不同病情选择更有效的治疗方法.     

DSA对外伤后动脉损伤的诊断与介入治疗

目的：探讨DSA对外伤后动脉损伤的诊治价值。方法：对外伤后疑合并血管损伤患者进行DSA检查，40例患者均采用Seldinger法经健侧股动脉穿刺，当导管插管至可疑血管近端时行DSA造影，栓塞材料使用弹簧圈或明胶海绵，结果：检查结果阳性38例，阳性率为95％，损伤血管有48条。造影征象：血管闭塞26条，充盈缺损7条，近端扩张7条，对比剂外渗5例，对比剂滞留5例，管腔细小15例，血流变慢9例， 以增多19例，假性动脉瘤5例，动静脉瘘1例。病理分析：血管断裂9条，血管痉挛3条，血管挫伤17条，血栓形成20条，血管受压4条，假性动脉瘤5例，动静脉瘘1例，盘膜间隙综合征2例。对38例阳性患者行带皮瓣移植9例，行弹簧圈栓塞介入治疗4例，保守治疗5例，其余为手术治疗，疗效为治愈29例，好转8例，转院1例。结论：DSA对外伤后动脉损伤的诊治中具有重要价值；外伤后1－2d为血管闭塞的高危时期，对可凝病例应立即行DSA检查，明确诊断；DSA检查可提高带血管皮瓣移植术的成功率，适当病例行介入治疗可替代传统手术治疗。     

前列腺癌125I粒子介入治疗手术的护理配合

目的 分析并总结前列腺癌症患者接受125I粒子介入治疗手术的护理配合方法.方法 回顾2013年1月至2015年6月,25例前列腺癌125I粒子介入治疗术患者的手术过程及手术配合的临床护理资料,包括充分的术前准备、良好的术中配合及完整的术后交接护理.结果 配合前列腺癌125I粒子介入治疗术25例,手术均成功,未发生粒子裸露、缺损、脱落和体位损伤等并发症及放射污染现象;制定了手术室放射粒子介入手术制度、流程和放射污染应急预案.结论 护士熟知手术相关知识,充分的术前教育、积极主动的术中配合是保障手术安全的必要条件,更是手术成功不可或缺的环节.     

重度胸外伤合并多发伤的一期手术治疗

目的　探讨一期手术治疗重度胸外伤合并多发伤的可行性及优越性。方法　对 5 1例多发伤患者创伤程度、一期手术治疗的抢救方法、术后并发症以及死亡情况进行回顾性分析。结果　ISS≥2 5者 3 9例 ,1 6相似文献   

三叉神经微血管减压术患者体位安置体会

三叉神经显微血管减压术是原发性三叉神经痛首选的手术方法,疗效可靠,可保留三叉神经功能,是目前治疗原发性三叉神经痛的最好方法[1].我院在2002年5月～2008年12月采用显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛150例,取得良好效果.由于手术体位的需要,若侧卧位安置时间过久,可能影响肢体循环,发生周围神经损伤、血管压迫、挤压伤等并发症[2].因此,手术体位的安置是此类手术的关键之一.通过对150例手术患者术后皮肤情况观察,患者术中体位摆放方面不断进行研究、改进,取得良好效果,现报告如下.     

96例严重胸腹部血管损伤的早期救治分析

目的探讨严重胸腹部血管损伤的早期诊治方法。方法2000年1月～2008年10月收治严重胸腹部血管损伤96例,其中26例到达急救部时表现明显失血性休克,经胸或腹腔穿刺抽出较多不凝血,立即送手术室紧急手术确诊;45例经64排螺旋CT及血管造影（CTA）检查确诊;25例经数字减影血管造影检查确诊。58例行手术治疗,其中45例行血管损伤缝合修补,手术前12例行血管造影后球囊血管阻断;13例行人造血管吻合,其中3例因伤情太重而行损害控制,即严重破损血管临时插管分流,患者术后在ICU复苏待全身情况改善后于术后48小时内再行血管吻合手术。38例（盆腔腹膜后血管损伤34例,其他4例）行动脉栓塞治疗。结果85例救治成功,救治成功率85．5％。发生严重并发症38例,其中脓毒症6例,急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）9例,多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）23例。11例死亡,其中9例于伤后12小时内死亡,主要原因为多脏器严重损伤及失血性休克;2例于创伤后8天及16天死亡,主要原因为脓毒症及MODS。结论胸腹部血管损伤后应快速完成检查及诊断,紧急手术行血管修复或吻合,部分腹部血管损伤及盆骨折引起的腹膜后血管损伤可用动脉栓塞治疗。     

老年上颈椎损伤的临床特点与治疗

目的 探讨老年上颈椎损伤的临床特点与治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我科2003年1月-2007年12月间收治的>60岁上颈椎骨折脱位患者28例的临床资料,其中男20例,女8例;年龄60～86岁,平均68.1岁.致伤原因:跌伤16例,交通伤8例,高处坠落伤4例.寰椎骨折5例;枢椎骨折15例,其中齿状突骨折8例,C2椎弓骨折6例,C2椎体骨折1例;寰枢椎损伤伴下颈椎损伤5例;寰枢椎同时损伤2例,其中齿状突骨折伴寰椎侧块骨折1例,齿状突骨折伴寰椎前弓骨折1例;寰枢关节脱位1例.并发脊髓损伤4例.保守治疗8例,开放手术治疗8例,微创经皮手术治疗12例.结果 平均住院时间比较,保守组与传统手术组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而微创经皮组短于保守组与传统手术组(P<0.05).保守治疗组2例死亡,开放手术组1例死亡,其余25例均获得随访,随访时间9～56个月,平均16.8个月.保守治疗组患者满意率为50%,开放手术组为72%,微创手术组为75%.保守治疗组中4例发生并发症,传统手术组3例,微创手术组2例.结论 老年上颈椎损伤发生率较高,其损伤特点以低能量暴力为主,损伤类型以齿状突骨折最常见,具有脊髓损伤发生率低、漏诊率高等特点.在排除手术禁忌证的情况下,手术治疗特别是微创手术可取得较好的临床疗效.     

Traumatic injury of the internal mammary artery: embolization versus surgical and nonoperative management

The purpose of the study was to compare the outcomes, complications, and effectiveness of embolization versus surgical and nonoperative management in patients with injury to the internal mammary artery. Eighteen cases of angiographically proven internal mammary artery injury were identified by a retrospective review. Patient age range was 17–71 years (mean 34 years). Causes of vascular injury were equally divided (9 each) between penetrating and blunt trauma. Type of trauma, associated injury, plain film findings, treatment complications (immediate and delayed), and overall outcomes were assessed. Results of embolization versus surgical and nonoperative management were compared. Angiographic findings included occlusion, active hemorrhage, and pseudoaneurysm of the internal mammary artery. Of the 18 patients studied, 12 underwent embolization; 2 underwent surgical ligation, and 4 were managed by nonoperative observation. No patient died as a direct result of vascular injury; one died of renal failure unrelated to chest trauma and one other died of myocardial contusion. One patient who underwent embolization had delayed bleeding and two patients with conservative management developed a delayed hemothorax. This small series demonstrates that embolotherapy offers an effective, efficient, and safe alternative to conventional surgical management of internal mammary artery injuries. Electronic Publication     

超时限四肢主要血管损伤的救治

目的探讨超过12 h的四肢主要血管损伤的治疗对策和疗效. 方法自1989年至2003年共收治再通血时间超过12 h的患者19例.血流中断时间最短12.6 h,最长超过37 d,平均42 h.采用血管直接端对端吻合2例;损伤血管段切除,自体静脉移植9例;人造血管移植1例;血管热敷,外膜注射罂粟碱解除痉挛1例.明确坏死者则直接截肢. 结果本组无一例死亡.直接截肢6例;4例血管修复术后并发肾功能衰竭,于修复后1～3 d截肢;1例术后发生肢体顽固性感染,4周后截肢.保存肢体的8例患者中,伤口Ⅰ期愈合4例,其余4例伤口皮肤、肌肉部分坏死,经过换药植皮,伤口愈合,但遗留不同程度缺血性肌挛缩. 结论超时限的血管损伤,部分可经血管修复手术而避免截肢,但遗留不同程度功能障碍.     

Proximity injuries: correlation with results of extremity arteriography.

The results of 170 emergency arteriography procedures in 142 patients who had sustained extremity injuries near major arteries were correlated with the findings from a physical examination conducted prior to arteriography. Radiographically demonstrable significant arterial injuries, which usually required surgical repair, were present at 42 of the 170 injury sites (25%). Major physical findings suggestive of arterial injury were noted at 105 of 170 sites (62%). Arteriography demonstrated a significant injury in 40 (38%) of these 105 injury sites, representing 95% of all major arterial injuries. Among the 65 injury sites without any suggestive major physical finding, only two were associated with a significant vascular injury at arteriography (3%) (5% of all 42 arterial injuries). At each of these 65 injury sites, the decision to perform emergency arteriography was based solely on the proximity of the wound to a major artery. In spite of this very low yield in the subgroup of 51 patients without major physical findings, emergency arteriography is still routinely requested for extremity injuries at the authors' institutions. The validity of this policy, a possible reason for its development, and its effect on patient disposition are examined.     

骨盆骨折并髂血管损伤

目的 探讨骨盆骨折并髂血管损伤的早期诊治方法,方法 回顾性分析６年间收治的１２例骨盆骨折并髂管损伤病人的临床资料。结果 本组病人均有伴发伤及休克,其ＩＳＳ均大于１６分,平均３０．３２分,其中髂劝脉损伤１１例,髂外外动脉损伤１例,本组９例病人术后获救;死亡３例,死亡率为２５％,结论骨盆后 骶髂嵯节周围的严重损伤有时的会伴发致命的髂因管破裂,介入性血管栓塞技术及髂劝脉结扎术是救治创伤失血性休克的有效措     

肩胛颈骨折的分类和手术治疗

目的 探讨肩胛颈骨折的分类及手术治疗. 方法对2000年1月-2007年12月收治的18例肩胛颈骨折进行回顾分析.男12例,女6例;年龄17～62岁,平均41岁.全部行CT检查.根据Hardegger分型,解剖颈骨折10例,外科颈骨折8例;按照Miller分型,ⅡA5例,ⅡB6例,ⅡC6例,ⅡB+ⅡC1例.15例有合并损伤.手术入路为后外侧入路9例,改良Judet入路6例,前后联合入路3例,应用重建钢板和拉力螺钉固定骨折. 结果全部患者随访6～70个月,平均25.5个月.根据Constant-Murley评分评价疗效,平均73分(35～95,中位数75.5).并发复位不良2例,肩关节不稳定1例,创伤性关节炎3例. 结论肩胛颈骨折成角畸形孟极角<20°、骨折移位≥10 mm、合并浮肩损伤或肩关节上方悬吊复合体损伤时,应早期手术治疗.预后影响因素主要为合并损伤、复位质量、固定坚强程度、肩袖损伤及术后康复等.     

肢枪伤的处理

目的探索下肢枪伤的治疗方法。方法对8例下肢枪伤病例进行规范清创处理,7例股骨或胫腓骨骨折I期内固定,其中2例I期取带肌蒂骨瓣植骨,2例神经伤I期吻合,1例胭动脉损伤取大隐静脉桥接修复,所有病例术后常规深筋膜切开减压。结果7例骨折均愈合,1例胭动脉损伤修复满意,1例神经伤和1例关节损伤遗留明显功能障碍。经2年随访,本组优3例,良3例,中2例。结论在下肢枪伤的处理中,围手术期感染因素的控制十分重要,在保证清创效果的基础上,谨慎尝试I期处理骨折及骨缺损,强调对血管、神经伤的I期正确处理,应将深筋膜切开减压作为操作常规。加强对枪伤病例围手术期的规范化管理。     

Arterial injuries in transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma; the role of angiography and endovascular treatment.

PURPOSETo define the role of angiography and embolization in the treatment of patients who have arterial injuries during transsphenoidal surgery.METHODSWe retrospectively studied the arterial hemorrhagic complications, their management, and the clinical outcomes that occurred in 21 of the more than 1800 patients who had transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.RESULTSOf the 21 patients who had complications, 17 had internal carotid injuries and four had injuries of the sphenopalatine artery. Angiography was performed in 18 patients. Bleeding occurred and was controlled during surgery in 16 cases. Delayed epistaxis occurred in 10 patients, including five whose surgery was uneventful. After internal carotid injury, the most frequent angiographic findings were carotid occlusion (eight patients), stenosis (five patients), and false aneurysms (three patients). Internal carotid balloon occlusion was performed in five patients. No rebleeding occurred in patients who had complete carotid occlusion either from surgical packing or balloon embolization. Two of the patients who had carotid stenosis after surgical packing had delayed epistaxis necessitating balloon occlusion. Injuries to the sphenopalatine artery were successfully treated by surgery (one patient) or by endovascular treatment (three patients) without complication. Three deaths and five permanent deficits were directly related to the arterial injury or its treatment.CONCLUSIONProfuse bleeding during and after transsphenoidal surgery should be investigated by angiography. Lesions of the sphenopalatine arteries are effectively treated by embolization. Internal carotid injuries are best treated by carotid infusion to prevent life-threatening epistaxis.     

Interventional neurovascular treatment of traumatic carotid and vertebral artery lesions: results in 234 cases

Traumatic injuries to the head and neck that result in arteriovenous fistulae are often difficult to treat by direct surgical access. This is because of anatomic location, instability of the acutely injured patient, and difficulty in localizing the exact site of injury. Between 1974 and 1988, 234 consecutive cases of traumatic injuries to the carotid or vertebral artery were evaluated by our group for intravascular embolization therapy. This included 206 cases of direct and seven cases of indirect carotid-cavernous sinus fistulae and 21 cases of traumatic vertebral fistulae. A variety of devices including detachable balloons, liquid tissue adhesives, microcoils, and silk suture were used with the goal of fistula occlusion and preservation of the parent vessel. This was achieved in 193 cases (82%). In the remaining 41 cases (18%), the carotid or vertebral artery had to be occluded by endovascular occlusion techniques because of extensive vascular injury in 28 cases and subtotal occlusion of the fistula in 13 cases. Complications included transient cerebral ischemia in six cases, pseudoaneurysm formation in five cases, stroke in five cases, and peripheral nerve injury in one case. The development of interventional neurovascular techniques has altered the management of these acutely injured patients. The preferred method for treatment has shifted from direct surgical access under general anesthesia to endovascular therapy under local anesthesia.     

Stab wounds to the extremities: indications for angiography

To ascertain the sensitivity of physical examination with respect to significant arterial injury, the angiographic findings of 61 stab wounds to the extremities were correlated with specific physical findings. In 25 injuries there were physical findings of major injury, including one or more of the following: pulse deficit, active bleeding or expanding hematoma, bruit or murmur, neurologic deficit, or hypotension. Of these 25 injuries, angiographic examination revealed significant vascular damage in 11. In 36 injuries physical findings indicated minor injury, with proximity to major vessels or nonexpanding hematoma being the only indication for arteriography. None of these patients had significant vascular injuries. Physical examination was found to be 100% sensitive in screening for significant vascular injuries. These results indicate that arteriography is unwarranted in stab wounds to the extremities if the only indications are proximity to major vessels or nonexpanding hematoma.