老年非瓣膜性永久性心房纤颤华法林低强度抗凝治疗的临床分析

目的评价老年非瓣膜性永久性心房纤颤华法林抗凝治疗低国际标准化比值（INR）的有效性及安全性。方法选取2003年3月至2006年8月入院治疗的老年非瓣膜性永久性房颤患者48例，随机分为两组，低强度抗凝治疗组：INR维持在1．5～2．0；常规强度抗凝治疗组：INR维持在2．1—3．0。结果两组均无脑栓塞发生，常规强度抗凝治疗组发生脑出血1例，消化道出血1例。结论服用华法林维持INR在1．5～2．0治疗老年非瓣膜性永久性心房纤颤是安全有效的。     

华法林在慢性心房纤颤患者中的应用

目的:探讨华法林对于慢性心房纤颤(房颤)患者抗凝治疗的安全性及疗效。方法:对符合本研究标准的120例房颤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组;治疗组68例,给予华法林2.5mg/d开始,监测国际标准化比值(INR),连续观察4周,目标INR1.5~2.5,后每个月查1次INR,据INR结果调整华法林口服剂量。对照组52例,给予阿司匹林300mg/d。门诊随访记录各类出血并发症及血栓性并发症,随访3年。结果:两组出血并发症,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),血栓性并发症治疗组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:慢性心房纤颤患者应用适量华法林抗凝治疗是安全有效的。     

基层医院心房纤颤患者华法林应用现况

目的:了解基层医院华法林在心房纤颤患者中的使用现状,分析影响用药的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析持续心房纤颤住院患者的临床资料,对华法林使用情况进行统计和分析。结果:156例心房纤颤患者,仅有31例患者接受华法林抗凝治疗,除1例心房纤颤合并高血压为主动预防性抗凝治疗,余30例(87.55%)均为血栓栓塞事件后被动抗凝治疗。已接受华法林治疗的患者中90%未系统监测INR,或保持在无效的低水平(1.3～1.9)。结论:目前基层医院心房纤颤患者华法林使用严重不足,INR达标率更加有限,应予以高度重视。     

自制参花胶囊治疗心房纤颤的抗凝疗效及安全性观察

目的观察与分析自制参花胶囊治疗心房纤颤的抗凝疗效及安全性。方法从本院2017年2月至2017年10月接收的心房纤颤患者中,随机抽取60例患者,随机将其分为观察组与对照组,均30例。对照组患者接受常规治疗联合华法林治疗,观察组患者接受常规治疗联合自制参花胶囊进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗后的效果以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者治疗后总有效率高于对照组患者;观察组患者治疗后不良反应发生率低于对照组患者;P0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论自制参花胶囊具有较高的抗凝作用,能够显著的改善心房纤颤患者的症状,使患者的INR值达标,并且安全性较高,值得在临床中推广使用。     

华法林与阿司匹林对心房纤颤患者抗凝疗效的比较

目的:探讨华法林和阿司匹林对心房纤颤患者抗凝疗效的比较及安全性.方法:收治126例心房纤颤患者,随机分成两组,治疗组63例使用华法林治疗,对照组63例使用阿司匹林治疗,比较两组患者临床疗效和安全性,随访时间1年.结果:治疗组的总栓塞事件发生率及不良反应发生率明显低于对照组,两组相比较有显著性差异(P＜0 05);两组治疗后发生出血事件比较相比较无统计学意义(P＞0 05).结论:对于房颤患者的抗凝治疗华法林较阿司匹林有更好的疗效,且不良反应较少,INR维持在2 0～3 0之间,临床用药既有效又安全.     

华法林抗凝治疗98例心房纤颤患者临床分析

目的:探讨华法林抗凝治疗心房纤颤患者的临床疗效及安全性.方法:98例心房纤颤患者在服用华法林前均检查凝血时间(PT)、国际标准化比值(INR),晚饭后口服华法林,起剂量为3mg/d.根据INR调整华法林剂量,每次加减量0.5～1mg,服药第3天复查INR,以后每天监测,若INR稳定在2.0～3.0之间,则每周复查2次,共1～2周,若INR稳定在2.0～3.0之间,则每月监测INR一次.结果:华法林维持最为(3.00±0.20)mg/d,则INR能稳定在2.0～3.0之间.其中发生脑栓塞4例,年发生率4.08%,脑出血1例,年发生率1.02%,此4例均为未规律服用华法林及按时复查INR患者;1例左下肢严重肿胀、青紫,经用维生素K1,调整华法林剂量后痊愈;6例有轻微出血(主要为牙龈、球结膜、皮肤黏膜等部位出血),经调整华法林剂量等处理后出血消失.1例大便潜血实验阳性,INR2.0,停用华法林.结论:心房纤颤患者服用华法林(3.00±0.20)mg/d,调整INR 2.0～3.0之间,其疗效显著且较为安全.     

通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林预防非瓣膜病性心房颤动患者脑栓塞的对照研究

目的比较通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林、华法林和阿司匹林预防非瓣膜性心房颤动(NVAF)患者脑栓塞的疗效和不良反应。方法NVAF患者150例,其中通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林组50例,予通心络胶囊0.76g,3次/d,阿司匹林100mg/d;华法林组50例,予华法林1.25~5.0mg/d,维持国际标准化比值(INR)1.8~2.5;阿司匹林组50例,予阿司匹林100mg/d。所有患者均给予基础疾病治疗,随访2年,以脑栓塞发病率作为疗效判定依据。结果脑栓塞年发病率通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林组(6.0%)与华法林组(3.0%)比较差异无显著意义(P>0.05),阿司匹林组(15.0%)与通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林组比较差异有显著意义(P<0.05),华法林组与阿司匹林组比较差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。华法林组有1例出现脑出血,1例出现消化道出血;通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林组有6例出现上腹痛、恶心,2例出现牙龈肿痛;阿司匹林组有5例出现上腹痛、恶心。结论通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林预防NVAF患者脑栓塞的效果和华法林比较差异无显著意义,优于单用阿司匹林,无严重不良反应发生,且不需检测凝血酶原时间(PT)和INR。不愿意接受华法林治疗的NVAF患者可给予通心络胶囊联合阿司匹林预防脑栓塞并发症。     

老年心房纤颤患者不同抗栓治疗方案的临床观察

目的:对不同抗栓治疗方案在老年心房纤颤患者中的临床治疗效果予以探讨分析。方法:随机选取2013年2月至2014年10月在我院接受治疗的150例老年心房纤颤患者,均分为三组,对对照1组患者实施阿司匹林常规治疗,对对照2组患者实施华法林标准凝强度维持INR2.0~2.8进行治疗,对观察组患者实施华法林低抗凝强度维持INR(国际标准化比值)1.8~2.4进行治疗,比较三组患者的临床治疗效果。结果:接受治疗后观察组的不良事件总发生率为10.0%;对照1组的不良事件总发生率为20.0%;对照2组的不良事件总发生率为18.0%。结论:将华法林低抗凝强度维持INR1.8~2.4应用到老年心房纤颤患者的临床治疗中,能够有效降低患者不良事件的发生率,具有较好的临床治疗效果,值得在临床应用中推广。     

华法林在非瓣膜病慢性心房颤动抗凝治疗中的作用

目的观察华法林对非瓣膜病慢性心房颤动的抗凝治疗的效果和安全性。方法选择非瓣膜病慢性心房颤动患者120例作为观察对象，随机分为华法林组和阿司匹林组，观察两组血栓栓塞及出血等不良反应发生率。结果华法林组血栓发生率为3．33％，阿司匹林组为18．13％，两组差异显著（P〈0．01）。两组病例85％不良反应为出血，但无一例严重出血．两组出血率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论华法林抗凝治疗可以明显降低非瓣膜病心房纤颤患者血栓发生率，安全性好。     

突停华法林致脑干梗死1例

华法林病人,女,84岁。因突发胸闷、头痛、头晕,呕吐1次急诊人院。曾于10年前诊断急性心肌梗死。近半年来因出现心房纤颤和左下肢大隐静脉血栓,而增服华法林,平时用量每日3mg,配合阿司匹林抗凝治疗,凝血酶原国际标准化比值（INR）控制在目标水平。人院前因右眼玻璃体出血和尿液潜血阳性而终止华法林口服6d。查体：     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.