维甲酸自乳化软胶囊的体外溶出及在比格犬体内的药物动力学

目的研究维甲酸 (RA)自乳化制剂的含量测定方法、体外溶出行为及在比格犬体内药物动力学。方法采用HPLC法并与市售胶囊进行比较。结果与市售胶囊剂相比 ,以水为溶出介质 ,维甲酸 (RA)自乳化制剂 15min可以溶出 80 %以上 ,而市售胶囊溶出不到 5 % ;比格犬体内药物动力学研究结果表明 ,与市售胶囊剂相比 ,自乳化制剂达峰时间提前 ,tmax=1 2 5h ,而市售胶囊tmax=2 0 0h ;AUC(0 -∞ ) 提高了 6 7%。结论自乳化制剂可以显著提高维甲酸的体外溶出及体内吸收     

全反式维甲酸自乳化给药系统的体内外评价

目的研究全反式维甲酸(RA)自乳化释药系统的自乳化能力及在比格犬体内的药代动力学。方法通过测定不同时间粒子的散射光强度来评价自乳化速度，光学显微镜下观察乳化后形成乳剂粒径的大小及分布情况；采用HPLC法测定比格犬血浆药物浓度，与市售胶囊比较，考察RA自乳化制剂体外溶出行为及体内药代动力学。结果体系在10 min内已基本乳化完全，通过光学显微镜观察，乳化后乳剂粒子大多数在3 μm以下。与市售胶囊剂相比：以水为溶出介质，维甲酸自乳化制剂15 min可以溶出80%以上，而市售胶囊溶出不到5%。比格犬体内药代动力学研究结果表明：与市售胶囊剂相比，自乳化制剂达峰时间提前，Tmax=1.25 h,而市售胶囊 Tmax=2 h；AUC0-∞提高了67%。结论自乳化制剂可以显著提高RA的体外溶出及体内吸收。     

维甲酸自乳化制剂的含量测定及体外溶出评价

目的:研究维甲酸RA自乳化制剂的含量测定方法及体外溶出行为.方法:采用HPLC法测定维甲酸RA自乳化制剂的药物含量,与市售胶囊比较,考察RA自乳化制剂体外溶出行为.结果:与市售胶囊剂相比,以水为溶出介质,维甲酸RA自乳化制剂15min可以溶出80%以上,而市售胶囊只溶出不到5%.自乳化制剂可以显著提高药物的体外溶出.     

氟比洛芬自乳化给药系统中释放的体内外分析

目的:研究氟比洛芬(furbiprofen,FB)自乳化释药系统的自乳化能力及在家犬体内的药动学。方法:评价系统自乳化速度,激光散射仪测定乳化后形成乳剂粒径的大小及分布情况,采用HPLC法测定家犬血浆药物浓度,与市售片比较,考察FB自乳化制剂体外溶出行为及体内药动学。结果:体系在1min内已基本乳化完全,乳化后乳剂粒子粒径大多数在70nm左右。与市售片剂相比,以水为溶出介质,氟比洛芬自乳化制剂120min可以溶出95%,而市售胶囊溶出约为50%。家犬体内药动学研究结果表明:与市售片剂相比,自乳化制剂达峰时间提前,tmax为0.75h,而市售胶囊tmax为1.5h;AUC0-∞提高了40%。结论:自乳化制剂可以显著提高FB的体外溶出及体内吸收。     

辛伐他汀自乳化胶囊的体内外评价

目的研究辛伐他汀自乳化胶囊的自乳化能力及在Beagle犬体内的药动学.方法以总体液平衡反向透析法考察自乳化胶囊与市售片的体外释药过程;通过测定不同时间的粒子的散射光强度来评价自乳化速度,光学显微镜下考察乳化后形成的乳滴的大小和分布;采用HPLC法测定Beagle犬血浆药物浓度,并与市售片比较考察自乳化胶囊的体内药动学.结果溶出度结果显示辛伐他汀自乳化胶囊比市售片溶出快、浓度高.辛伐他汀自乳化胶囊在10 min内已基本乳化完全,光学显微镜下检视,乳化后乳滴粒子大多数在2μm以下.药动学测定结果表明与市售片比较,自乳化胶囊血药浓度达峰时间提前[Tmax(1.62±0.15)vs(2.65±0.42)h,P＜0.05],最高血药浓度增大[Cmax(44.28±6.29)vs(12.43±2.51)ng·mL-1,P＜0.05],相对生物利用度为市售片剂的216.8%.结论自乳化胶囊可以显著提高辛伐他汀的体外溶出和体内吸收.     

甘草酸磷脂复合物自乳化胶囊与肠溶胶囊的药动学比较

目的以市售甘草酸二铵肠溶胶囊为参比制剂,考察自制甘草酸磷脂复合物自乳化胶囊在Beagle犬体内的相对生物利用度。方法Beagle犬6只,自身交叉对照、单剂量灌胃甘草酸磷脂复合物自乳化胶囊或市售肠溶胶囊。采用HPLC测定血浆中的甘草酸浓度,DAS2．0程序拟合药代动力学数据。结果参比制剂和受试制剂主要的药动学参数：Tmax分别为（6．00±0．000）h,（2．917±0．585）h;Cmax分别为（12．756±1．075）mg·L^-1,（17．75±1．604）mg·L-1;AUC0-t分别为（150．89±22．850）mg·h·L-1,（211．196±40．880）mg·h·L^-1;AUC分别为（159．39±21．862）mg·h·L^-1,（221．287±2．164）mg·h·L^-1,甘草酸磷脂复合物自乳化制剂相对生物利用度（F％）为139．76％。结论Beagle犬体内甘草酸的药动学规律均符合一级吸收二室模型,与市售胶囊剂相比,自乳化制剂的Cmax、AUC0-t,AUC0-∞均高于肠溶胶囊,表明自乳化制剂能显著提高药物的生物利用度,初步达到了设计要求。     

尼莫地平自微乳化给药系统的体内外评价

目的:研究尼莫地平(nimodipine,NMP)自微乳化释药系统的自微乳化能力及在家犬体内的药动学.方法:评价系统自微乳化速度,激光散射仪测定乳化后形成乳剂粒径的大小及分布情况,采用HPLC法测定家犬的血浆NMP浓度,与市售片剂比较,考察NMP自微乳化制剂体外释放行为及体内药动学.结果:体系在1min内已基本乳化完全,乳化后乳剂粒子粒径大多数在70nm左右.与市售片剂相比,以水为释放介质,NMP自微乳化制剂60min可以释放可达95%,而市售片剂释放约为60%.家犬体内药动学研究结果表明:与市售片剂相比,自微乳化制剂的Cmax显著增加;AUC0-∞提高了近200%.结论:自微乳化制刑可以显著提高NMP的体外释放及体内吸收.     

水飞蓟素磷脂复合物微孔渗透泵控释片比格犬体内药动学及体内外相关性研究

目的 评价水飞蓟素磷脂复合物微孔渗透泵(SM-PC MPOP)控释片的体外释药特性、比格犬体内药动学及其体内外相关性。方法 释放介质为pH7.5的磷酸盐缓冲液(添加0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠),以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测SM-PC MPOP的体外释放特征。用6只比格犬进行双周期交叉对照实验,按照30 mg/kg的剂量给药。HPLC法测定比格犬血浆内水飞蓟素的主要成分水飞蓟宾的质量浓度,应用药动学软件进行数据分析。结果 SM-PC MPOP在12 h累积释放度超过85%。药动学研究情况表明,受试制剂(SM-PC MPOP)和参比制剂(市售水飞蓟素胶囊)在比格犬体内的主要药动学参数：T_max分别为(3.2±0.4)、(0.9±0.1)h,C_max分别为(0.298 6±0.068 9)、(0.629 9±0.076 5)μg/ml,AUC_0→24分别为(2.996 8±0.583 3)、(2.268 9±0.432 8) h·μg/ml,SM-PC-MPOP对市售水飞蓟素胶囊的相对生物利用度为(162.21±30.82)%...     

依托泊苷固体自微乳的研制及大鼠体内生物利用度研究

目的:制备依托泊苷固体自微乳制剂(SSMEDDS)并研究大鼠灌胃后的药动学行为,提高依托泊苷口服生物利用度.方法:通过相图法得到相应的自乳化区域,并以自乳化速率、粒径及溶解度等作为考察指标筛选处方,寻找出最佳处方配比;采用溶出度实验测定依托泊苷固体自微乳的体外溶出度等理化参数;考察了依托泊苷固体自微乳制剂、市售制剂和原料药混悬液经大鼠灌胃给药后的药动学行为.结果:依托泊苷自微乳的平均粒径为(21.8±1.5)nm,且固体自微乳制剂45 min溶出95％以上,同时药动学数据显示依托泊苷固体自微乳、原料药和市售制剂的AUC分别为12.20、8.25、10.49 mg·h·L-1.结论:VP-16制成固体自微乳制剂后的AUC略高于市售制剂,且大大提高了依托泊苷原料药的生物利用度.     

美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂的药代动力学研究

目的评价美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂体内药物代谢动力学,通过与市售制剂的药动学特征比较,阐述美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂的临床前药代动力学特征,为新药评价提供可靠依据。方法以单剂量和多剂量2种方式口服给药,选取比格犬为受试对象,采用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆样品药物浓度。通过药动学参数估算和统计分析,评价美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂的体内吸收和消除过程、相对生物利用度、体内蓄积效应以及与市售制剂的药动学特征进行比较。结果美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂在比格犬体内单剂量口服(灌胃)给药后,美沙拉嗪缓释颗粒剂和美沙拉嗪肠溶片以美沙拉嗪表征的相对生物利用度分别为101.30%±20.20%、109.20%±30.80%。多剂量口服(灌胃)给药后,体内无蓄积效应。通过相对生物利用度和药代动力学参数的统计分析比较研究,提示美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂与市售的2种制剂无显著性差异。结论美沙拉嗪肠溶缓释颗粒剂吸收和消除过程基本呈线性动力学特征,多剂量给药后5 d左右达稳态、体内无蓄积,药动学参数与市售制剂无显著性差异。     

Dissolution and absorption behavior of meclizine dihydrochloride from soft gelatin capsules

Two kinds of soft gelatin capsules containing meclizine dihydrochloride (MZ) were prepared by using a medium-chain length triglyceride as a base. One is a self-emulsifying type, and the other is an oil dispersing type. The release of MZ from soft capsules and its in vivo absorption behavior were examined and compared with those of a commercial tablet. The release of MZ from the self-emulsifying soft capsule which was only slightly affected by pH was greater than those from the oil dispersing soft capsule and commercial tablet. The serum levels of MZ after the administration of preparations orally to beagle dogs increased in the order of self-emulsifying soft capsule, commercial tablet, oil dispersing soft capsule. This result suggests that the self-emulsifying soft capsule is useful for the increase of the bioavailability of the drug.     

穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊的制备和溶出度评价

目的研制穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊,并对其溶出度进行评价。方法制备穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊,通过穿心莲内酯溶出条件的筛选,考察自乳化软胶囊与市售片剂的溶出曲线。结果穿心莲内酯自乳化释药系统处方为油酸乙酯（10%）、吐温80（54%）、正丁醇（36%）。采用药典2005年版二部溶出度测定第一法,以0.2%SDS为溶出介质,穿心莲内酯自乳化软胶囊与穿心莲内酯片溶出度有显著性差异。结论自乳化软胶囊能显著提高穿心莲内酯的体外溶出度。     

兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊的体外释放度与其在犬体内吸收的相关性评价

目的:考察兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊的体外释放度与其在犬体内吸收的相关性。方法:采用紫外分光光度法,在245 nm波长处检测兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊在酸(pH1.2)中1 h的累积释放度,在284 nm波长处检测其在磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)中1.25 h的累积释放度;采用高效液相色谱法检测犬(n=6)灌服兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊12 h内的血药浓度,以Wagner-Nelson法计算其体内吸收分数(fa),考察fa与体外释放度(f)t的相关性。结果:兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊在酸中1 h的累积释放度<3%,在磷酸盐缓冲液中1.25 h的累积释放度>90%;该胶囊在犬体内2.5 h fa达最高值;在0.75～2 h内,fa=1.017 6ft-16.654(r=0.954)。结论:兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊体外释放度与在犬体内吸收的相关性良好。     

Preparation and evaluation of Vinpocetine self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets

The main objective of this study was to develop a pH gradient release pellet with self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), which could not only improve the oral bioavailability of Vinpocetine (VIN), a poor soluble drug, but reduce the fluctuation of plasma concentration. First, the liquid VIN SEDDS formulation was prepared. Then the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets were prepared by extrusion spheronization technique, and formulation consisted by the liquid SEDDS, absorbent (colloidal silicon dioxide), penetration enhancer (sodium chloride), microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl alcohol, and three coating materials (HPMC, Eudragit L30D55, Eudragit FS30D) were eventually selected. Three kinds of coated pellets were mixed in capsules with the mass ratio of 1:1:1. The release curves of capsules were investigated in vitro under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In addition, the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of VIN self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets, commercial tablets and liquid VIN SEDDS were evaluated in Beagle dogs. The oral bioavailability of self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets was about 149.8% of commercial VIN tablets, and it was about 86% of liquid VIN SEDDS, but there were no significant difference between liquid SEDDS and self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets. In conclusion, the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets could significantly enhance the absorption of VIN and effectively achieve a pH gradient release. And the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellet was a promising method to improve bioavailability of insoluble drugs.     

Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of coenzyme Q10: formulation development and bioavailability assessment

The goals of our investigations are to develop and characterize self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), using polyglycolyzed glycerides (PGG) as emulsifiers and to evaluate their bioavailability in dogs. Solubility of CoQ10 was determined in various oils and surfactants. SEDDS consisted of oil, a surfactant and a cosurfactant. Four types of self-emulsifying formulations were prepared using two oils (Myvacet 9-45 and Captex-200), two emulsifiers (Labrafac CM-10 and Labrasol) and a cosurfactant (lauroglycol). In all the formulations, the level of CoQ10 was fixed at 5.66% w/w of the vehicle. The in vitro self-emulsification properties and droplet size analysis of these formulations upon their addition to water under mild agitation conditions were studied. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed identifying the efficient self-emulsification region. From these studies, an optimized formulation was selected and its bioavailability was compared with a powder formulation in dogs. Medium chain oils and Myvacet 9-45 provided higher solubility than long chain oils. Efficient and better self-emulsification processes were observed for the systems containing Labrafac CM-10 than formulations containing Labrasol. Addition of a cosurfactant improved the spontaneity of self-emulsification. From these studies, an optimized formulation consisting of Myvacet 9-45 (40%), Labrasol (50%) and lauroglycol (10%) was selected for its bioavailability assessment. A two-fold increase in the bioavailability was observed for the self-emulsifying system compared to a powder formulation. SEDDS have improved the bioavailability of CoQ10 significantly. The data suggest the potential use of SEDDS to provide an efficient way of improving oral absorption of lipophilic drugs.     

Application of gastric acidity-controlled beagle dog to bioavailability study of cinnarizine

The relationship between gastric acidity and bioavailability of a weakly basic drug, cinnarizine (CN) was investigated in the gastric acidity-controlled beagle dogs. The dissolution of CN from capsules was very fast at pH 1.2 but it decreased with an increase in pH. The capsules containing CN were orally administered to the beagle dogs of the following three groups: 1) the dogs whose gastric acidity were not controlled; 2) the dogs whose gastric acidity were controlled to high levels (less than pH 2) with pentagastrin; 3) the dogs whose gastric acidity were controlled to low levels (more than pH 6) with omeprazole. The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-8h) of CN were most variable in the first group. On the other hand, the variations of these parameters were small in the second and third groups. The Cmax and AUC0-8h of CN in the high acidity group were about 20 times larger than those in the low acidity group (p less than 0.01). The bioavailability of CN was markedly influenced by the gastric acidity. This finding was similar to that in human subjects. The gastric acidity-controlled beagle dogs are useful animal models to evaluate the bioavailability of weakly basic drugs such as CN, exhibiting pH-dependent dissolution behavior.     

非诺贝特胶囊剂及家犬体内生物利用度

目的采用纳米分散技术制备非诺贝特胶囊剂,以提高其溶出度及生物利用度。方法用反溶剂沉淀法和高压匀质法制备非诺贝特纳米混悬剂,并通过喷雾干燥将其固化以制备胶囊剂,用差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和X-射线粉末衍射分析表征药物在胶囊剂中的存在状态,并测定药物的溶出度及家犬体内的生物利用度。结果非诺贝特以纳米晶体状态分散于胶囊剂中,自制胶囊溶出度为国产胶囊的3倍,相对生物利用度为国产胶囊的(274.5±15.6)%。结论自制非诺贝特胶囊剂可以通过增加非诺贝特的分散度来提高药物的溶出度与生物利用度。