仰卧位ESWL治疗后尿道结石的疗效观察

目的：提高体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗后尿道结石的治疗方法。方法：61例后尿道结石患者随机分为A、B两组,A组(29例)采用仰卧位ESWL治疗,B组(32例)将后尿道结石推至膀胱内行ESWL治疗。结果：经1次ESWL,A组28例(96．5％)结石全部排出,余1例1周后行第2次碎石,结石完全排出。术后肉眼血尿16例,程度轻。B组30例(93．7％)1次ESWL术后结石全部排出,余2例1周后行第2次碎石,结石完全排出。术后肉眼血尿31例,较A组严重,1例出现后尿道狭窄,定期尿道扩张治愈。A组疗效与B组相近,副作用比B组低。结论：仰卧位ESWL治疗后尿道结石,能有效地将结石击碎,迅速解除尿道梗阻。并发症少,疗效较好,是后尿道结石碎石的有效方法之一,可在临床推广。     

益肾通淋方治疗ESWL术后肾损伤临床研究

目的：采用益肾通淋方治疗肾结石体外冲击波碎石（ESWL）术后患者,研究其在促进肾损伤的修复、改善血尿、腰痛等临床症状和提高碎石有效率等方面的作用。方法：选择52例肾结石行ESWL术患者,随机分为治疗组（益肾通淋组）与对照组,各26例。治疗组在ESWL术后在常规抗感染治疗基础上,当日起口服益肾通淋方煎剂,早晚各200mL,疗程14天;对照组除常规抗感染治疗外,不作任何特殊处理。分别测定术前、术后24h及术后72h的尿微量白蛋白（m-Alb）和尿N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG酶）的水平;观察术后肉眼血尿和腰痛的持续时间;术后两周复查尿路平片（KUB）以明确排石效果。结果：治疗组与对照组术后24h、72h尿m-Alb与尿NAG酶水平均较术前显著升高;治疗组术后72h的尿m-Alb与尿NAG酶水平、血尿持续时间,与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义;两组腰痛持续时间及碎石有效率无显著差异。结论：益肾通淋方在肾结石ESWL术后促进肾损伤修复,缩短血尿时间方面有积极作用,体现了中医治疗的优势。     

体外冲击波治疗上尿路结石并发症分析

目的分析ESWL治疗上尿路结石的术后并发症及处理。方法回顾性分析上尿路结石3014例。男1782例,女1232例。年龄14～65岁,平均年龄35．5岁。肾结石1158例,单发887例,多发271例（含鹿角形结石165例）：输尿管结石1856例（含双输尿管结石210例）。结果3014例尿路结石中,碎石有效率为75％,三个月排净率为92％。输尿管结石碎石成功率高于肾结石（77．5％对71％）,513例经1~4次复振后完全排净,229例由于“石街”过长梗阻严重或碎石无效,最后改输尿管镜碎石或、腹腔镜取石、PCNL取石和开放手术。术后常见并发症为血尿、皮肤红斑和皮肤破损、恶心、呕吐、肾绞痛,严重并发症为感染发热和肾周血肿。结论ESWL是治疗上尿路结石的一种有效和安全的方法,其并发症多较轻,可以预防和治疗。     

超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞治疗PCNL术后严重肾出血的临床分析

［摘要］ 目的　探讨超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈及弹簧圈+明胶海绵栓塞术治疗经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）后严重肾出血的临床价值．方法　回顾性分析2013年3月至2015年3月昆明医科大学第二附属医院介入室51例使用单纯弹簧圈及弹簧圈+明胶海绵超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗PCNL术后肾出血患者的资料,对止血效果、并发症及栓塞注意事项进行分析． 结果　本组39例患者使用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,12例使用弹簧圈+明胶海绵栓塞,一次栓塞成功49例（成功率为96％）,术后第 1～7 d 肉眼血尿消失,3～14 d镜下血尿消失,血红蛋白平稳上升．术后无严重并发症发生,随访1个月至1 a血压无明显变化．结论　超选择性肾动脉弹簧圈栓塞术为永久性栓塞,是治疗PCNL术后严重肾出血一种安全有效的方法．     

体外碎石后辅助中药治疗的效果观察

目的:观察体外冲击波碎石术(extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy,ESWL)联合中药排石饮液治疗上尿路结石的疗效及安全性。方法:采用国产电磁波碎石机治疗上尿路结石100例,工作电压12～15kV,其中直径≤2.0cm肾结石15例,直径≤1.0cm输尿管结石78例,膀胱结石7例,单次冲击次1 200～1 500次,平均1 300次。术后口服中药排石饮液。结果:术后3个月肾结石排净率93.3%(14/15),输尿管结石排净率为96.2%(75/78),膀胱结石排净率为85.7%(6/7)。治疗后出现肉眼血尿98例(98.0%),多在2d内消失,无肾周血肿等严重并发症。结论:体外冲击波碎石术配合中药排石饮液治疗上尿路结石排净率高,副作用少,无严重并发症。     

ESWL结合中药排石汤、坦索罗辛治疗上尿路结石112例治疗体会

目的:探讨ESWL结合中药排石汤、坦索罗辛治疗上尿路结石疗效观察。方法:选取112例上尿路结石患者采用ESWL治疗和坦索罗辛、中药排石汤治疗。结果:本组112例,98例碎石后有血尿,92例下腹痛、排尿痛,经服坦索罗辛、中药排石汤1～3 d内消失。无一例出现严重并发症。多数1～7 d结石排净,少数14～21 d结石排净,随访未见复发。结论:口服中药排石汤、坦索罗辛是ESWL碎石后提高残余结石排净率及预防复发的重要措施。     

经皮肾穿刺造瘘碎石术治疗鹿角形肾结石

目的 探讨肾脏鹿角形结石的经皮肾穿刺造瘘碎石术(percutaneous nephrolithotomy,PCNL)治疗及注意事项.方法 回顾总结158例行PCNL治疗,以及PCNL结合体外冲击波碎石(extracorporeal shock-wave lithoclasty,ESWL)治疗的肾脏鹿角形结石患者.结果 一期PCNL清除结石64例,结合ESWL 73例,2次以上PCNL 46例,结石清除率83.5%,术中术后发生休克13例,发热9例,肉眼血尿者47例(5例患者因严重肉眼血尿而拔除双J管),耻骨上区、腰腹部不适及肾绞痛23例(4例患者经对症治疗无好转而拔除双J管).结论 PCNL是肾鹿角型结石的有效治疗方法,术中术后应密切注意患者全身情况     

Ⅰ期单通道经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术治疗无肾积水肾鹿角型结石

目的 探讨Ⅰ期单通道经皮肾输尿管镜碎石术(PCNL)治疗无肾积水肾鹿角型结石的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析31例行Ⅰ期单通道PCNL治疗的无肾积水肾鹿角型结石患者的临床资料.结果 手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹手术.术中出血平均170 ml.平均手术时间为(62.3±20.6)min.25例一次取净结石、3例两次取净结石、3例残留结石患者术后经体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗.术中、术后无严重并发症发生.术后腹部X线平片(KUB)显示结石取净28例,3例残留碎石3～6 mm,1个月后复查KUB,结果提示结石排净.总取净率为100%.术后并发出血20例,18经输血等保守治疗治愈,2例经介入治疗痊愈.患者肾造瘘管留置5～10 d;平均住院时间(7.5±4.6)d.,随访3个月无患侧腰和(或)腹部疼痛不适或肉眼血尿等.结论 Ⅰ期单通道PCNL治疗无肾积水肾鹿角型结石具有肾石取净率高、肾损伤小、并发症少等优点,是治疗无肾积水肾鹿角型结石较理想的方法.     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞在经皮肾镜取石术后肾出血中的应用价值

1临床资料 收集2005-2010年在我院行经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)术后并发顽固肾出血住院病例.本组7例患者均为男性;其中左肾2例,右肾5例;年龄31～64岁,平均41岁.患者主要表现为PCNL术后大量肉眼血尿,血压不稳定,均行保守治疗仍有持续性肉眼血尿.本组7例患者均采用超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗.     

特制通道套管在二期经皮肾镜术(PCNL)中应用120例分析

目的:观察特制通道套管在二期经皮肾镜术(PCNL)中,减轻通道再次损伤出血影响视野,提高清除残石的效果。方法:在二期PCNL术中,利用特制的通道套管套于肾镜上,套管外再套上工作鞘,在直视下沿原有的肾造瘘通道进入肾内进行残石清除。结果:入镜过程中,通道无明显再损伤、出血减少、视野清晰,清石效果良好。结论:在二期PCNL术中利用特制通道套管,可最大限度减轻通道刮损伤,减轻出血引起术野不清,最大限度达到残石清除效果。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.