Laparoscopic Resection of Antenataly Identified Duodenal Duplication Cyst

We report the first case of complete laparoscopic resection of a duodenal duplication cyst (DDC) in an 8-mo-old patient. The cyst was diagnosed by routine antenatal ultrasound performed at 3 mo of gestational age. Although the baby was born asymptomatic without any congenital abnormalities, the cyst had continued to increase on serial sonographic examinations. Previous reports have described treatment of DDC by surgical resection (laparotomy) or endoscopic marsupialization; we describe here, the first report of laparoscopic approach to resect DDC in a pediatric patient with a favorable outcome.     

Laparoscopic resection of a periampullary villous adenoma

Background: Adenomas of the duodenal papilla are rare lesions. Because of their malignant potential, resection is mandatory. Options for resection include endoscopic resection, transduodenal local excision, and pancreaticoduodenectomy. This report details a case of periampullary villous adenoma diagnosed endoscopically and resected laparoscopically via a transduodenal approach. Case report: A healthy 75-year-old woman with heartburn underwent an upper endoscopy for vague right upper abdominal pain. A periampullary tumor was diagnosed. Endoscopic biopsy results were consistent with a villous adenoma, and endoscopic ultrasound showed distal bile duct involvement. The patient underwent laparoscopic transduodenal local excision of the tumor with biliary reconstruction. Conclusions: Laparoscopic transduodenal resection of periampullary lesions provides advantages similar to those of an endoscopic resection by removal of the tumor using minimally invasive techniques. In addition, laparoscopic surgery maintains the surgical tenents of open transduodenal resection with en bloc tumor resection including the adjacent duodenal wall and ductal structures as necessary. As noted in this case, laparoscopic techniques resect ampullary lesions involving the ductal structures as well. Laparoscopic transduodenal ampullectomy is a valuable treatment option for benign and selected premalignant ampullary lesions.     

Role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in treating gallbladder polyps

Since the application of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap C) to gallbladder polyps has not yet been fully evaluated, we performed Lap C on 26 patients with gallbladder polyps. Pathological examinations showed adenocarcinoma in three patients, adenoma in two, and cholesterol polyp in 21. Preoperative diagnoses of the cases with adenocarcinoma were a cholesterol polyp in one patient and an adenoma in two. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed to reside in the mucosa without any invasion of lymphatic ducts or small vessels in the three patients. This procedure was considered to be sufficient for this grade of cancer, and, therefore, no additional operations were performed. At present, our policy is to resect by Lap C a gallbladder polyp having a maximum size larger than 10 mm and a tendency to grow or presenting with suspicion of adenoma. When cancer is suspected by preoperative examinations, however, traditional surgery may be recommended.     

Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy for gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Background

Pancreas-sparing duodenectomy (PSD) is a promising alternative procedure to pancreaticoduodenectomy for the treatment of duodenal tumors with low-grade malignant behavior.

Methods

Between March 2003 and September 2012, PSD was performed in 7 patients with a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the second (n = 5) or third (n = 2) portions of the duodenum. The short- and long-term outcomes of treatment were analyzed in all patients.

Results

The median blood loss was 160 mL, and the median operative time was 315 minutes. No pancreatic leakage or perioperative mortality occurred. Surgical margins were negative in all cases. All patients were alive at the median follow-up time of 42 months after PSD. The recurrence-free 5-year survival rate was 53% in all patients. Hepatic metastases developed in 2 of the 5 patients with high- or intermediate-grade risks at the time of diagnosis. Hepatic resection was performed, and imatinib mesylate was administered in the 2 cases.

Conclusions

Good short- and long-term outcomes and surgical curability were observed in patients treated with PSD for duodenal GIST.     

腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术(附六例报告)

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术(laparoscopic transduodenal pullectomy, LTDP)的安全性及可行性。 方法回顾性分析滨州医学院附属医院于2020年3月至2021年1月期间,6例行LTDP患者的临床资料、手术过程、围手术期处理措施和随访信息。 结果6例患者平均手术时间342.2 min,平均术中出血量约46.7 ml,平均术后恢复经口进食流质饮食时间约4.2 d,平均术后排气时间49.3 h,平均术后住院时间12 d。术后病理：1例十二指肠乳头黏液腺癌、2例十二指肠乳头管状-绒毛状腺瘤、3例十二指肠乳头腺癌,切缘均为阴性。6例患者均无围手术期死亡,1例患者术后出现十二指肠出血,其余患者无并发症发生。平均术后随访时间19.6个月(16~25个月),1例十二指肠乳头腺癌患者术后20个月肿瘤局部复发行姑息性手术治疗,其余患者目前无肿瘤复发。 结论LTDP应用于十二指肠良性肿瘤、交界性肿瘤、十二指肠乳头腺瘤局部癌变、十二指肠乳头原位癌、无淋巴结转移的T1期肿瘤、高龄且合并较多基础疾病的不能耐受胰十二指肠切除的十二指肠乳头癌患者是安全、可行的。     

Laparoscopic pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis

Patients with duodenal polyps associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) have a considerable risk of developing duodenal carcinoma. Prophylactic resection of the duodenum for Spigelman stage III disease is the treatment of choice to prevent progression to cancer. Pancreaticoduodenectomy and pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy (PPTD) are the techniques that have been described for the surgical treatment of duodenal polyposis. We report the first case of laparoscopic PPTD in a patient with previous total colectomy for FAP and Spigelman stage III duodenal polyposis. A laparoscopic total dissection of the duodenum was carried out and the restoration was achieved performing pancreatico-biliary-jejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy. The postoperative period was uneventful. Laparoscopic PPTD can be performed safely in selected cases for the management of FAP.     

Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy to treat cancer of the ampulla of Vater.

OBJECTIVES: We explored the feasibility, difficulty, and indications for laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: Since November 11, 2002, we have successfully completed 5 laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomies. Patients included 4 males and 1 female, average age 43 years. Three patients had duodenal papillary cancer, one had cancer of the head of the pancreas, and one had pancreatic mixed cancer (duodenal papillary cancer, hepatobiliary ductal adenocarcinoma). The average mass size was 1.5/1.8 cm to 2.6/2.5 cm. RESULTS: The pathology diagnosis was well-differentiated duodenum papillary adenocarcinoma in 3 patients, head of pancreas endocrine small cell carcinoma in 1, and duodenum papillary adenoma with malignancy ductal intermediate differentiation adenocarcinoma in 1. During surgery, average blood loss was 770 mL. Operation time averaged 528 minutes. The main difficulties during surgery were estimation and identification of pancreatoduodenal tumor resection and hepatoduodenal ligament venation changes. After surgery, 1 patient had a small amount of pancreatic leakage, another developed stress ulcer bleeding; both patients became normal after appropriate treatment. The fourth patient developed severe recurrence of pancreatitis with pneumonia and on the 39th day after surgery developed stress ulcer bleeding. This patient died during the second operation. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is a very difficult and risky operation. It requires ample clinical experience in traditional pancreaticoduodenectomy, perfect laparoscopic surgery technique, consultation and cooperate with the surgical team, updated laparoscopy equipment, and very strict surgical indications. For hospitals that meet the above conditions and requirements, laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is very safe and feasible.     

腹腔镜经腹膜后解剖性肾上腺(腺瘤)切除术的体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜经腹膜后解剖性肾上腺(腺瘤)切除术的手术方法及临床效果。方法:为48例患者按既定手术步骤施行解剖性肾上腺(腺瘤)切除术。制备腹膜后腔操作空间后,先将肾上极腹膜外脂肪向下推至髂窝,然后避开腹膜返折纵行切开肾后筋膜外层,进入肾周筋膜固有间隙,扩大腹膜后腔,并在此间隙快速找到肾上腺,根据术前诊断及术中情况选择行肾上腺或腺瘤切除术。结果:48例手术均获成功,术中出血少,均未输血,无严重并发症发生。术后住院4～8 d,平均5.2 d。结论:腹腔镜经腹膜后解剖性肾上腺(腺瘤)切除术步骤明确,解剖层次清晰,疗效确切,为肾上腺疾病的微创外科治疗提供了更安全的选择。     

Laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1: Report of a case

INTRODUCTION

We report a case of duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (NET) G1 resected by laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) technique.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 58-year-old woman underwent esophagastroduodenoscopy, revealing an 8-mm, gently rising tumor distal to the pylorus, on the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb. Endoscopic ultrasonography suggested the tumor might invade the submucosal layer. The tumor was pathologically diagnosed as a G1 duodenal NET, by biopsy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was attempted, but was unsuccessful because of the difficulty of endoscopically performing an inversion operation in the narrow working space. The case was further complicated by the patient''s duodenal ulcer scar. We performed a full-thickness local excision using laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery. The tumor was confirmed and endoscopically marked along the resection line. After full-thickness excision, using endoscopy and laparoscopy, interrupted full-thickness closure was performed laparoscopically.

DISCUSSION

Endoscopic treatment is generally recommended for G1 NETs <10 mm in diameter and extending only to the submucosal layer. However, some cases are difficult to resect endoscopically because the wall of duodenum is thinner than that of stomach, and endoscope maneuverability is limited within the narrow working space. LECS is appropriate for early duodenal G1 NETs because they are less invasive and resection of the lesion area is possible.

CONCLUSION

We demonstrated that LECS is a safe and feasible procedure for duodenal G1 NETs in the anterior wall of the first portion of the duodenum.     

十二指肠良性肿瘤的诊治体会(附26例报告)

目的　探讨十二指肠良性肿瘤的临床表现、病理学特征、诊断和治疗方法。方法　对我 院收治的经病理证实的26例十二指肠良性肿瘤病人的临床资料进行回顾分析并进行随访。结果　 本组病例息肉样腺瘤9例,间质瘤5例,管状腺瘤5例,管状绒毛状腺瘤2例,异位胰腺、胰岛细胞瘤、 神经鞘瘤、胃泌素瘤、血管瘤各1例。内镜检查发现17例,上消化道钡气双重对比X线造影检查发现 4例,数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查发现3例,因腹部包块行剖腹探查发现2例。9例病人在内镜下 行肿瘤切除术,7例行肿瘤局部切除术,5例行肿瘤局部切除加括约肌成形术,4例行胰十二指肠切除 术,1例行肿瘤切除加胃大部切除术。随访6个月～10年,除1例局部肿瘤切除术后复发并癌变、2 例死于非相关恶性肿瘤、2例失访外,其余病人生活质量良好。结论　十二指肠良性肿瘤临床症状不 典型,术前确诊困难。反复腹痛和黑便是十二指肠良性肿瘤最常见的症状,内镜检查和X线造影是 主要的诊断手段,内镜下切除或手术治疗是十二指肠良性肿瘤的首选治疗方法。十二指肠良性肿瘤 预后良好。     

腹腔镜手术处理胃食管结合部疾病

目的：探讨腹腔镜下行食管裂孔疝修补术、顽固性十二指肠球部溃疡迷走神经切断术和贲门失弛缓症Heller肌层切开术的疗效和安全性。方法：从1995年11月至2007年9月，在腹腔镜下共行食管裂孔疝修补37例、顽固性十二指肠球部溃疡迷走神经切断术26例和贲门失弛缓症Heller肌层切开术4例。结果：手术时间1．0．4．5h，平均2．5h；24-72h后开始进流质。无术后并发症，术后平均6（4-7）d出院。结论：腹腔镜手术治疗食管裂孔疝、顽固性十二指肠球部溃疡和贲门失弛缓症，具有疗效确定、创伤小和恢复快的优点；腹腔镜手术很适用于处理胃食管结合部病变。     

Minimally invasive surgery for resection of duodenal carcinoid tumors: endoscopic full-thickness resection under laparoscopic observation

Background

Carcinoid tumors of the duodenum are rare, and the most effective treatment for duodenal carcinoid tumors remains debatable. Because carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract tend to spread to the submucosal layer even during the early stages of the disease, the possibility of tumor seeding in the vertical margin of the tumor cannot be eliminated by conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). In addition, because the duodenal wall is thinner than the gastric wall, EMR performed for duodenal lesions may be associated with a high risk of accidental perforation. In this article, we introduce a minimally invasive endoscopic full-thickness resection technique after laparoscopic repair for the local resection of duodenal carcinoid tumors.

Methods

Under general anesthesia, after the duodenum was mobilized laparoscopically, the duodenal serosa at the site of the lesion was suctioned under laparoscopic observation, and full-thickness resection of the duodenum was performed using a cap-fitted endoscope, i.e., EMR-c, without injecting hypertonic saline-epinephrine. The sample was retrieved endoscopically after resection. After confirming that the full-thickness resection of the duodenal wall with enough surgical margins was achieved and that there was no active bleeding, the wound was sutured by the laparoscopic hand-suturing technique.

Results

We have performed this surgical procedure in two cases of duodenal carcinoid tumor. The mean operation time was 116 ± 14 minutes, and the estimated blood loss was 2.5 ± 0.5 ml. The postoperative courses were uneventful in both cases.

Conclusions

The technique of endoscopic full-thickness resection of gastrointestinal tract under laparoscopic observation is a safe, simple, and can be radical surgical procedure for a small duodenal carcinoid tumor. This surgical procedure may be applicable in the case of other gastrointestinal tumors.     

腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜治疗进展期结直肠癌合并腺瘤的应用研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗加二期内镜下治疗结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤的临床应用价值。方法：2005年1月-2010年6月对54例进展期结直肠癌合并根治术切除范围外结直肠腺瘤（〉1．0cm）的患者（研究组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）加二期内镜下腺瘤切除的综合治疗,对同期396例单发进展期结直肠癌患者（对照组）行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术加辅助化疗（FOLFOX4方案）。通过并发症发生率、长期随访等评价治疗效果。结果：2组患者在年龄、性别、手术方式、手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生率、平均住院时间、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及1、3和5年存活率差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）。研究组辅助化疗后对合并腺瘤进行内镜下切除治疗,4例出血经保守治疗后成功止血,未发生穿孔、狭窄等严重并发症;3例患者术后病理组织学检查为腺瘤癌变,其中2例癌变局限于腺瘤中,1例癌细胞侵犯达黏膜下层,该例患者再次行腹腔镜下切除,术后随访无复发。结论：腹腔镜联合辅助化疗及内镜为合并结直肠癌根治术切除范围外腺瘤的患者提供了一种安全有效的微创治疗方法,值得临床推厂和应用。     

Two case of bilateral approach in laparoscopic pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy for duodenal neoplasms arising from the distal duodenum

IntroductionLaparoscopic pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy is a less invasive surgical therapy; however, the anatomical complexity of the duodenum increases the difficulty of laparoscopic procedures. We introduce our technique for laparoscopic pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy for distal duodenal tumors.Presentation of casesA first patient was 47-year-old woman who had 30 mm of duodenal tumor which located in third portion of duodenum. A second patient was 66-year-old man who had 35 mm of submucosal tumor which located in the third portion of duodenum. Laparoscopic pancreas-sparing duodenectomy was performed using bilateral approach for both cases. We began by dissecting an avascular area on the right side of the transverse mesocolon to mobilize the second and third portions of the duodenum with the uncinate process of the pancreas. Next, from the left side, the jejunum and the fourth portion of the duodenum were fully mobilized orally from the surrounding tissue, connecting the dissection plane with the right-side area. The jejunum and duodenum were cut with a linear stapler. Intracorporeal reconstruction was performed in an overlapped manner. We performed this procedure in two patients. Operative time was 326 and 370 min, respectively. Patients were discharged on postoperative days 9–12 without postoperative complications.DiscussionDuodenal tumors are found increasingly often because of developments in endoscopic technology and techniques; therefore, establishing safe surgical procedures for duodenal tumor excision is imperative. Our surgical approach was simple and safe procedure.ConclusionLaparoscopic pancreas-sparing distal duodenectomy with a bilateral approach is a useful approach without wide mobilization of duodenum.     

Reconstruction of a Large Duodenal Defect Created by Resection of a Duodenal Tubulovillous Adenoma Using a Double-Tract Anastomosis to a Retrocolic Roux-en-Y Loop: Report of a Case

Adenomas arising in the duodenum are uncommon. The surgical approach to adenoma of the duodenum remains controversial. We herein report the successful closure of a large defect after a partial duodenectomy for an adenoma. A 60-year-old man developed duodenal adenoma. An upper gastrointestinal roentgenographic series and endoscopy revealed a 2.5-cm tumor located adjacent to the duodenal papilla. The tumor was too large to be removed endoscopically, and therefore it was resected en bloc by a partial duodenectomy. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of benign tubulovillous adenoma. The large duodenal defect created by resection of the tumor was closed with double-tract anastomosis to a retrocolic Roux-en-Y loop. Large duodenal defects represent difficult surgical problems. Closure by direct anastomosis to a Roux-en-Y loop side-to-side is thus considered to be the procedure of choice. Received: August 29, 2001 / Accepted: March 5, 2002     

腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术（附2例报告）

目的探讨腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除的安全性和可行性。方法我院2010年9月和2012年6月完成2例完全腹腔镜下十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术。术中应用肠壁似“∫”形切ISl防止肠腔狭窄,边切除边缝合方式重建胆肠及胰肠通道,并放置胰管内支撑管。结果2例顺利完成。病例1：手术时间195min,出血量220ml。术后48h排气,无并发症。术后病理：十二指肠乳头绒毛管状腺瘤,伴重度不典型增生,基底部切缘阴性。病例2：手术时间300min,出血量400ml。术后72h排气。术后病理：十二指肠乳头腺癌伴黏液细胞癌,基底部切缘阴性。结论腹腔镜十二指肠乳头肿瘤局部切除术安全、可行。     

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic simple prostatectomy and bladder diverticulectomy with temporary clamping of internal iliac arteries

The minimally invasive approach for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is replacing open surgery. Laparoscopic and robotic techniques have benefits in treatment of BPH especially for large prostatic adenoma. We present a case of laparoscopic robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy with bilateral transient occlusion of internal iliac arteries. This could be an optional surgical technique when a significant blood loss is expected, for example in patients with an estimated volume of BPH larger than 100 ml or in patients who cannot suspend antiaggregant therapy. In this case we temporarily occluded the internal iliac arteries bilaterally with Bulldog clamps and the adenoma was enucleated according to Sotelo’s laparoscopic robotic-assisted technique. We had optimal results in terms of intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.     

Surgical management of benign and indeterminate hepatic lesions in the era of laparoscopic liver surgery

Background/Aims: The expansion of the laparoscopic approach for the management of benign liver lesions has raised concerns regarding the risk of widening surgical indications and compromising safety. Large single-centre series focusing on laparoscopic management of benign liver lesions are sporadic. Methods: We reviewed a prospectively collected database of patients undergoing pure laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for benign liver lesions. All cases were individually discussed at a multidisciplinary team meeting. Results: Forty-six patients underwent 50 LLRs for benign disease. Indications for surgery were: symptomatic lesions, preoperative diagnosis of adenoma or cystadenoma, and lesions with an indeterminate diagnosis. The preoperative diagnosis was uncertain in 11 cases. Of these, histological diagnosis was hepatocellular carcinoma in one (9%) and benign lesion in 10 patients (91%). Thirteen patients (28%) required major hepatectomy. Three patients (7%) developed postoperative complications. Mortality was nil. The median postoperative hospital stay following major and minor hepatectomy was 4 and 3 days, respectively. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach represents a safe option for the management of benign and indeterminate liver lesions, even when major hepatectomy is required. LLR should be only performed in specialized centres to ensure safety and strict adherence to orthodox surgical indication.     

Laparoscopic liver resection for hepatocellular adenoma

AIM:To investigate the role of laparoscopy in the surgical management of hepatocellular adenoma(HA). METHODS:We reviewed a prospectively collected database of consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic liver resection for HA. RESULTS:Thirteen patients underwent fifteen pure laparoscopic liver resections for HA(male/female:3/10; median age 42 years,range 22-72 years).Two patients with liver adenomatosis required two different laparoscopic operations for ruptured adenomas.Indications for surgery were:symptoms in 12 cases,need to rule out malignancy in 2 cases and preoperative diagnosis of large HA in one case.Symptoms were related to bleeding in 10 cases,sepsis due to liver abscess following embolization of HA in one case and mass effect in one case(shoulder tip pain).Five cases with ruptured bleeding adenoma required emergency admis-sion and treatment with selective arterial embolization. Laparoscopic liver resection was then semi-electively performed.Eight patients(62%)required major hepatectomy[right hepatectomy(n=5),left hepatectomy (n=3)].No conversion to open surgery occurred.The median operative time for pure laparoscopic procedures was 270 min(range 135-360 min).The median size of the excised lesions was 85 mm(range 25-180 mm). One patient with adenomatosis developed postoperative bleeding requiring embolization.Mortality was nil. The median hospital stay was 4 d(range 1-18 d)with a median high dependency unit stay of 1 d(range 0-7 d). CONCLUSION:The laparoscopic approach represents a safe option for the management of HA in a semi-elective setting and when major hepatectomy is required.     

Minimally invasive treatment of synchronous colorectal tumours

In patients with colorectal cancers synchronous neoplastic lesions are an increasingly frequent finding at preoperative staging; 3% of the cases are other cancers while 33-35% of the synchronous lesions are villous adenomas. The treatment of most colorectal adenomas can be performed by endoscopic poplypectomy. In 5% of cases there are synchronous colorectal lesions also requiring surgical treatment. From January 1995 to June 2007 we treated 5 patients with rectal lesions by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) together with a laparoscopic colectomy for the presence of synchronous lesions at the "Clinica Chirurgica Generale e d'Urgenza" of the University of Perugia,. Surgical timing involved performing a sequential exeresis characterised by a cancer resection, followed by resection of the voluminous adenoma: TEM for rectal cancer followed by a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for a voluminous villous adenoma (1 patient) and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for cancer followed by TEM for a voluminous villous adenoma (2 patients). One patient with left colon cancer associated with a voluminous villous rectal adenoma first underwent TEM for the rectal adenoma and then a left laparoscopic hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis in order to ease the transit of the circular mechanical stapler. Another patient with rectal and right colon adenomas first underwent TEM for a voluminous rectal sessile adenoma and later a right hemicolectomy. The use of this minimally invasive approach allowed rectum preservation and less invasive surgery.