Prevalence of osteopenia among sedentary young women

The purpose of this study was evaluating prevalence of osteopenia in young women.40 young untrained women between the age of 20-25 years (obese n = 20, BMI > 30 and thin n = 20, BMI < 20) volunteered to participate in this study. Bone mass density (BMD), percentage body fat and lean mass (g/cm2) were measured with the dual X-ray absorptiometry scans (DEXA). Student's t-test was used for determining the amount of bone normalizing among subjects. The study finding showed that 20% of obese and 65% of thin women had osteopenia and thin groups 3.2% more than obese groups were at risk of bone loss. These findings will help educate the medical community and the public about the importance of prevention--targeting young women who are at risk while they still have time to change their habits and improve their bone health.     

Social gradients in dental health among low-income mothers and their young children

For low-income mothers of children aged 3-6 years, we estimate whether social gradients exist between mothers' income, education, and employment status and mothers' perceptions of self and child dental and general health, and whether these relationships differ by racial/ethnic group. Disproportionate stratified sampling by racial/ethnic group selected 10,909 eligible children aged 3 to 6 in Medicaid in Washington State. Mothers (n=4,373) completed a mixed-mode (web, mail, telephone) survey. Mothers' education had a strong, gradient relationship with mother ratings of self and child dental health that was not explained by other measures. Similar gradients were found for mothers' employment status and income, but some associations were no longer significant (p>.05) after adjusting for oral health beliefs and behaviors, dental insurance, and regular dental care. Associations did not differ significantly by racial/ethnic group.     

Access to family planning services and health insurance among low-income women in Arizona.

This paper uses 1984 and 1989 Arizona survey data to explore the importance of insurance coverage for access to family planning services. In Arizona, Medicaid was provided through the Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System, a managed care model. Family planning was not provided in 1984 but had been added by 1989. Low-income women were 2.3 times more likely to receive services in 1989 than in 1984. Women in the system were 60% more likely to have received services. To improve access, health reform proposals should explicitly include family planning in managed care benefits packages.     

Self-rated health and health damaging behaviour among young women in Hungary in connection with family background

Objectives: To describe the relationship of subjective health and harmful lifestyle with familial risk factors, such as low parental educational level, parental psychiatric disorder reported by their offspring, alcohol use, and divorce. Methods: 3615 hungarian women aged 15–24 in 1998. The questionnaire addressed socio-economic factors, physical and mental health, and health damaging behaviours.     

Self-rated health and health damaging behaviour among young women in Hungary in connection with family background

Summary. Objectives: To describe the relationship of subjective health and harmful lifestyle with familial risk factors, such as low parental educational level, parental psychiatric disorder reported by their offspring, alcohol use, and divorce. Methods: 3615 hungarian women aged 15–24 in 1998. The questionnaire addressed socio-economic factors, physical and mental health, and health damaging behaviours. Results: Low self-rated health (OR: 2.32; CI: 1.54–3.47; p < 0.001) or at least five health complaints (OR: 2.09; CI: 1.68–2.60; p < 0.001) were significantly more common among women with reported parental psychiatric disorder. Drug use (OR: 2.35; CI: 1.86–2.98; p < 0.001) and regular or excessive alcohol consumption (OR: 1.86; CI: 1.46–2.37) was in strongest association with parental high education. Conclusions: Family related social problems, especially reported parental psychiatric disorders, regular alcohol consumption, and educational level, are important factors to be taken into account when planning specific interventions for young women.

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Zusammenfassung. Selbst-berichtete Gesundheit und gesundheitssch?digendes Verhalten von jungen Frauen in Ungarn: der Einfluss der Familie Fragestellung: Der Zusammenhang zwischen niedriger elterlicher Bildung, elterlicher psychischer St?rung, Alkoholkonsum und Scheidung, und selbst-berichtete Gesundheit und gesundheitssch?digendes Verhalten wird beschrieben. Methoden: 3615 ungarische junge Frauen im Alter von 15–24 wurden 1998 mittels Fragebogen befragt. Der Fragebogen enth?lt Fragen über sozio?konomische Faktoren, physische und psychologische Gesundheit und gesundheitssch?digendes Verhalten. Ergebnisse: Niedrige selbst-berichtete Gesundheit (OR: 2,32; CI: 1,54–3,47; p < 0,001) und fünf oder mehr Gesundheitsbeschwerden (OR: 2,09; CI: 1,68–2,60; p < 0,001) waren signifikant h?ufiger bei Frauen mit elterlicher psychischer St?rung. Drogenmissbrauch (OR: 2,35; CI: 1,86–2,98; p < 0,001) und st?ndiger oder exzessiver Alkoholkonsum (OR: 1,86; CI: 1,46–2,37) h?ngen am st?rksten mit elterlicher Bildung zusammen. Schlussfolgerungen: Famili?re soziale Probleme, haupts?chlich psychische St?rungen der Eltern, st?ndiger Alkoholkonsum und die Bildung der Eltern sind wichtige Faktoren, die berücksichtigt werden müssen, vor allem wenn Interventionen für junge Frauen speziell geplant werden.

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Résumé. état de santé et comportements dommageables pour la santé chez les jeunes femmes en Hongrie: effets des caractéristiques parentales Objectifs: Décrire les associations entre la santé subjective, les modes de vie négatifs et des facteurs de risques familiaux (bas niveau d’éducation, maladies psychiatriques, consommation abusive d’alcool, divorce). Méthodes: 3615 jeunes femmes hongroises (15–24 ans) en 1998. Le questionnaire comportait des questions concernant les aspects socio-économiques, la santé physique et mentale, et les comportements dommageables à la santé. Résultats: Les femmes ayant un parent atteint de trouble psychiatrique ont rapporté une santé significativement moins bonne (OR: 2,32; CI: 1,54–3,47; p < 0,001) ou au moins cinq plaintes concernant leur santé (OR: 2,09; CI: 1,68–2,60; p < 0,001). La consommation de drogue (OR: 2,35; CI: 1,86–2,98; p < 0,001) et la consommation normale ou excessive d’alcool (OR: 1,86; CI: 1,46–2,37) sont très étroitement associées avec un niveau d’éducation parental élevé. Conclusions: Lors de la planification d’interventions spécifiquement destinées aux jeunes femmes, il importe de tenir compte des problèmes sociaux des parents: troubles psychiatriques, consommation d’alcool régulière, niveau d’éducation.

     

Symptoms of depression are longitudinally associated with sedentary behaviors among young men but not among young women

ObjectiveA habitual sedentary lifestyle is associated with adverse health outcomes; however, the predictors of sedentary behaviors have not been sufficiently explored to inform the development and delivery of effective interventions to reduce sedentary behaviors. This study examined whether reports of symptoms of depression could predict weekly time spent in sedentary behaviors (i.e., television watching, computer use) 4 years later.MethodSelf-reported symptoms of depression were assessed at age 20 years (2007–08), and television watching time and computer use were assessed at age 24 years (2011–12) in 761 adults (45% men) participating in the Nicotine Dependence in Teens study. Data were analyzed using linear regression analysis, with separate models for men and women.ResultsAfter controlling for past sedentary behavior, symptoms of depression at age 20 years predicted more computer use 4 years later in men (R² = .21, β = .13, p < .05), but not in women. Symptoms of depression did not predict television watching.ConclusionsResults highlight the need to distinguish between types of sedentary behaviors as their predictors may differ. Further, they provide support for the hypothesis that psychological factors, in this case symptoms of depression, may relate to select sedentary behaviors in young men.     

Measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviors in women with young children: a systematic review

Current evidence indicates that women with young children are less active than women without children. In this review the authors investigated the methods of measuring physical activity employed in studies of women with young children (aged 1-5 years) and the associated challenges in measurement. Articles from databases (MEDLINE, OVID, CINAHL, Google Scholar) and manual searches were limited to English peer-reviewed journals published from 1990 to 2010. Studies that included measurement of physical activity in samples of women with young children were selected. Measurement properties were extracted, and original reliability and validity articles were reviewed for physical activity measurement tools used by 15 samples. The evidence base was dominated by self-report measurement tools, many of which assessed leisure-time physical activity only. Use of motion sensors to assess physical activity in this population was limited. It is likely that much of the habitual physical activity performed by women with young children has not been captured by self-report measures. Further investigation should be undertaken using tools that capture adequately all health-enhancing physical activity among women with young children.     

Associations between physical activity,sedentary time and social-emotional functioning in young children

BackgroundThis study preliminarily examined the relationship between physical activity, sedentary time, and social emotional functioning in children aged 4–6 years.MethodsEighty children attending kindergarden classes in Ottawa, Canada wore Actical accelerometers for 1-week to directly assess their physical activity and sedentary time. Physical activity was quantified as minutes per day in light intensity or moderate intensity, and steps per day, while sedentary time was quantified as minutes per day. Social emotional functioning attributes were assessed by teachers using the Devereux Students Strengths Assessment.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, household-income and school clustering using multilevel regression models, steps per day were positively associated with social awareness β = 1.537, CI = 0.115–2.959) self-awareness (β = 1.285, CI = 0.014–2.555), relationship skills (β = 1.729, CI = 0.238–3.219), personal responsibilities (β = 1.689, CI = 0.101–3.276), and optimistic thinking (β = 1.091, CI = 0.251–2.157). Moderate physical activity was positively associated with relationship skills (β = 1.598, CI = 0.065–3.131) and optimistic thinking (β = 1.515, CI = 0.069–2.234). Time spent in light physical activity and sedentary time were not associated with social emotional functioning indicators.ConclusionsPhysical activity as measured by steps per day and time spent in moderate physical activity was associated with better social emotional functioning. Future research is needed to verify these preliminary findings and determine the directionality of relationships observed, and experimental studies are needed to determine whether promoting either increased steps per day or intensity of physical activity can improve social emotional functioning in the early years.     

Stability of health care coverage among low-income working women

This article examines health insurance stability patterns and the factors associated with stable coverage in a sample of 453 low-income working women. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), the authors found that only 51 percent of these women had stable coverage during 1995-1997. Logistic regression results indicate that, controlling for other factors, health insurance stability is significantly higher for those who have higher levels of welfare receipt, have more work hours, have fewer job changes, have higher education levels, are African American or Hispanic, and who live outside central cities. The findings suggest that point-in-time health coverage estimates substantially underestimate the health coverage problems of low-income working women. Health policies need to be more sensitive to transitional problems resulting from job changes, marital disruptions, and other changes in circumstances. Recommendations for revising health care policies and for improving existing health care programs are presented.     

Psychosocial correlates of sunburn among young adult women

Skin cancer is an increasingly common disease, particularly among young adult women. Sunburn early in life is a risk factor for skin cancer. Few studies have reported on psychosocial correlates of sunburn. The current study consisted of an online survey of undergraduate women from a university in the northeastern part of the USA. A logistic regression demonstrated that young women who reported a history of four or more sunburns were significantly more likely to report fair skin, higher perceived susceptibility to skin cancer, greater perceived benefits of tanning (e.g., appearance enhancement), lower perceived control over skin protection, and more frequent sunscreen use. Sunbathing was not associated with a greater number of sunburns. These results suggest that young women who sunburn more often possess other skin cancer risk factors, are aware of their susceptibility to skin cancer, and try to use sunscreen, but feel limited control over their skin protection behavior and are not less likely to sunbathe than others. Therefore, interventions are needed to assist high risk young women in asserting more control over their sun protection behavior and perhaps improve the effectiveness of the sunscreen or other skin protection methods they do employ.     

单纯性肥胖儿童饮食与静坐少动生活习惯的病例对照研究

评价单纯性肥胖儿童饮食与生活习惯特点,为预防和纠正肥胖儿童不良饮食行为和生活方式提供依据.方法 问卷调查153例单纯性肥胖儿童的饮食与生活方式及习惯,并与68名正常儿童进行比较.结果 肥胖儿童9种不良饮食习惯报告率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).肥胖儿童每天看电视和玩计算机时间、睡眠时间分别为(2.56± 1.01) (11.56±2.32)h,明显多于对照儿童的(1.23±0.23)(8.38± 1.27)h,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为10.72,10.61,P值均<0.01);肥胖儿童的每周体育活动时间和每天户外活动时间分别为(2.11±1.24) (2.15±1.11)h,少于对照组的(6.41±1.67) (4.19±1.43)h,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为21.29,11.50,P值均<0.01).结论 不良饮食与静坐少动的生活习惯在单纯性肥胖儿童中普遍存在.应采取相应干预措施,减少儿童肥胖的发生.     

Prematurity as a predictor of childhood asthma among low-income children

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association among birth weight, prematurity, and the prevalence of asthma later in childhood and to assess the degree to which this association may differ between black and white children. METHODS: Michigan Medicaid claims data from 2001 through 2003 were analyzed to determine asthma prevalence for 150,204 children between ages 5 and 18 years. Asthma cases were identified using Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set persistent asthma criteria and included children having claims for any of the following services within a calendar year: at least one inpatient or one emergency department (ED) claim with an asthma primary diagnosis; at least four asthma medication-dispensing events; or at least four outpatient visits with an asthma diagnosis, and at least two asthma medication-dispensing events. Birth weight and gestational age from birth certificate data were matched with Medicaid files to determine size-for-gestational-age criteria. RESULTS: Overall, 8.3% of children had persistent asthma; black children had slightly higher asthma prevalence (8.6%) than white children (7.8%; odds ratio [OR]=1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.15). Children born very preterm (相似文献   

Socio-demographic correlates of psychiatric morbidity among low-income women in Aleppo,Syria

Interest in mental morbidity as an important component of health is increasing worldwide. Women generally suffer more than men from common mental disorders, and discrimination against women adds to their mental sufferings. Studies looking into the socio-demographic correlates of women's mental morbidity are lacking in most Arab countries. In this study we wanted to determine the spread and socio-demographic correlates of mental distress among low-income women in Aleppo, Syria. A sample of 412 women was recruited from 8 randomly selected primary care centers in Aleppo. Response rate was 97.2%, mean age of participants 28 + 8.4 years, where married women constituted 87.9%. A special questionnaire was prepared for the study purpose, utilizing the SRQ-20 non-psychotic items and questions about background information considered relevant to the mental health of women in the studied population. Interviews were conducted in an anonymous one-to-one fashion. The prevalence of psychiatric distress in our sample was 55.6%. Predictors of women's mental health in the logistic regression analysis were; physical abuse, women's education, polygamy, residence, age and age of marriage. Among these predictors, women's illiteracy, polygamy and physical abuse were the strongest determinants of mental distress leading to the worse outcomes. Our data show that mental distress is common in the studied population and that it is strongly associated with few, possibly modifiable, factors.     

流动妇女人格特征与心理健康关系

目的探讨流动妇女人格特征与心理健康的关系。方法2009年3月,采用艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,EPQ)和症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90),通过判断抽样的方法在江苏省江阴市和张家港市对656名流动妇女进行问卷调查。结果女性流动人口在内外向(E)、掩饰性(L)分量表得分均值高于全国女性常模(P0.01),神经质(N)分量表得分均值低于全国常模(P0.01);N,L分量表得分均值高于流动男性(P0.01),精神质(P)分量表得分均值低于流动男性(P0.05);EPQ中P分量表、N分量表与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关;E分量表与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈负相关,N分量表与SCL-90总分和各因子分相关系数最高;回归分析表明:精神质、内外向和神经质是影响流动妇女心理健康状况的重要人格特征。结论流动妇女人格特征和心理健康状况呈一定程度的相关。     

Health needs and health care utilization among rural, low-income women

This study examined the correlates of health service utilization in a sample of low-income, rural women. Self-reported data were from Rural Families Speak (N = 275), a multi-state study of low-income, rural families in the U.S. collected in 2002. Findings indicated that women with health insurance, a regular doctor, and poorer overall physical health had higher incident rates of physician visits. Women who were divorced, separated or widowed and had more chronic health problems had higher incidence rates of emergency department (ED) use, while women living in counties with higher primary care physician rates had lower incidence rates of ED use. Future research and policies should focus on improved access to health insurance, increasing physician availability in rural areas, and providing rural women with a usual source of care, so as to reduce emergency services utilization for non-emergent needs and improve health status for this population.     

Prevalence and correlates of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among US pregnant women

ObjectivePhysical activity is recommended for pregnant women without medical or obstetric complications. This study described the prevalence and correlates of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior among United States pregnant women.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data collected from the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 359 pregnant women ≥16 years wore an accelerometer for 1 week.ResultsWomen participated in a mean of 12.0 minutes/day (standard error (SE) 0.86) of moderate activity and 0.3 minutes/day (SE 0.08) of vigorous activity. Mean moderate to vigorous physical activity varied by trimester: 11.5 minutes/day in first trimester, 14.3 minutes/day in second trimester, and 7.6 minutes/day in third trimester. On average, women spent 57.1% of their monitored time in sedentary behaviors. In multivariable adjusted models, moderate to vigorous physical activity was higher in the first (p = 0.02) and second (p < 0.001) trimesters compared to the third trimester, and among women with higher household income (p = 0.03) compared to lower household income. In multivariable adjusted models, average counts/minute was higher in the second compared to the third trimester (p = 0.04).ConclusionMost pregnant women spent more than half of the monitored day in sedentary behaviors and did not meet recommendations for physical activity.     

脑性瘫痪患儿家长心理健康状况分析

目的 对脑性瘫痪患儿家长心理健康状况进行探讨分析,指导康复部门及相关部门福利对策的制定。方法 于2014年3-12月采用90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）对304例不同残疾程度脑瘫患儿家长进行现场问卷调查。结果 脑瘫患儿家长SCL-90评分结果除人际关系因子（1.75±0.70）分外,总分、阳性项目、躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性的得分分别为（154.25±44.94）、（38.26±20.01）、（1.74±0.70）、（1.90±0.71）、（1.91±0.77）、（1.62±0.64）、（1.82±0.69）、（1.52±0.62）、（1.64±0.68）、（1.62±0.71）分,均高于全国常模（P<0.05）;不同残疾程度患儿家长除敌对因子外,其余项目得分比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素回归分析表明,是否生病、家庭人均月收入、性别,婚姻状况、居住地对患儿父母的心理健康状况存在不同程度影响。结论 脑瘫患儿家长心理健康状况落后于全国常模;不同残疾程度脑瘫患儿家长心理健康状况存在差异;是否生病、家庭人均月收入、性别、婚姻状况、居住地不同程度影响家长的心理健康状况。     

A racial and ethnic comparison of family formation and contraceptive practices among low-income women

Low-income women's histories of pregnancies, their use or nonuse of contraception, and their marital status showed racial and ethnic differences in family formation patterns and fertility control practices. Data were analyzed from a survey of 918 low-income women in Los Angeles County. The sample contained about equal numbers of non-Hispanic whites, blacks, and Hispanics. The use of stratified samples equalized the poverty-level composition of the three racial and ethnic groups. First pregnancies for white and black women resulted primarily from nonuse of contraception while unmarried, but almost half of first pregnancies among Hispanics were intentional. Marital dissolution following pregnancy or childbearing was common among low-income whites and blacks, but Hispanics were more likely to have an intact marriage along with a higher average parity. Analyses of histories of pregnancies while controlling for demographic characteristics showed that racial and ethnic differences in rates of different types of pregnancies (classified as intended, accidental, or unprotected) and rates of abortion did not remain significant after adjustment for respondent characteristics and years of exposure to possible pregnancy. Actual parity, however, remained significant when these factors were controlled. Thus, results document distinctive patterns of family formation for low-income women in racial and ethnic subgroups of this population. Implications of these patterns of family formation for economic well-being are discussed.