左主干急性闭塞的急诊PCI分析

目的探讨左主干病变导致的急性心肌梗死与心源性休克的关系以及急诊经皮冠状动脉介入对其的疗效。方法1999年9月至2005年6月连续就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院心内科并且行急诊冠脉造影的急性心肌梗死患者752例，发现因左主干急性闭塞导致血管床灌注评分（TIMI）血流在2级或2级以下者16例（2．12％），所有患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）治疗，观察住院期间病死率。结果16例患者中，9例（56.25％）住院期间死亡，7例（43．75％）出院。死亡组再灌注成功率42．86％。生存组为100％，两组间比较差异有显著性意义（P=0．029）。未成功再灌注的5例均由无复流引起，其中3例可见肉眼血栓，5例患者均死亡。16例患者中有12例发生心源性休克，发生率为75．00％，死亡组发生率100％，生存组42．85％，两组间比较差异有显著性意义（P=0．019）。心源性休克患者住院病死率为75．00％高于无休克者，死亡风险是无休克者的4倍[比值比（OR）=4．0，95％可信区间1．50—10．66，P=0．019]。结论左主干闭塞导致的急性心肌梗死患者出现心源性休克的发生率较高，且即使成功地施行了PCI治疗，也有较高的病死率。不过，急诊PCI在临床实践仍然是有效可行的治疗手段，可以有效地挽救部分生命。     

左主干急性闭塞的急诊PCI分析

目的探讨左主干病变导致的急性心肌梗死与心源性休克的关系以及急诊经皮冠状动脉介入对其的疗效。方法1999年9月至2005年6月连续就诊于中国医科大学附属盛京医院心内科并且行急诊冠脉造影的急性心肌梗死患者752例,发现因左主干急性闭塞导致血管床灌注评分(TIMI)血流在2级或2级以下者16例(2.12%),所有患者行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗,观察住院期间病死率。结果16例患者中,9例(56.25%)住院期间死亡,7例(43.75%)出院。死亡组再灌注成功率42.86%,生存组为100%,两组间比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.029)。未成功再灌注的5例均由无复流引起,其中3例可见肉眼血栓,5例患者均死亡。16例患者中有12例发生心源性休克,发生率为75.00%,死亡组发生率100%,生存组42.85%,两组间比较差异有显著性意义(P=0.019)。心源性休克患者住院病死率为75.00%高于无休克者,死亡风险是无休克者的4倍[比值比(OR)=4.0,95%可信区间1.50～10.66,P=0.019]。结论左主干闭塞导致的急性心肌梗死患者出现心源性休克的发生率较高,且即使成功地施行了PCI治疗,也有较高的病死率。不过,急诊PCI在临床实践仍然是有效可行的治疗手段,可以有效地挽救部分生命。     

急诊冠状动脉内支架术抢救左主干完全闭塞急性心肌梗死1例

患者,男,66岁。因餐后发作性胸闷1周于2003年4月3日10:00入院。患者近1周出现餐后发作性胸闷不适,以午、晚餐后明显,持续约0.5h,伴上腹饱胀、下坠感,头痛,有时出冷汗。按“胃病”服药3d无效,于发作时服消心痛l片后症状缓解。入院当日晨起症状加重,ECG检查示STV3～6压低。既往无     

Total occlusion of the left main coronary artery associated with acute myocardial infarction. A case report.

A 64-year-old man with total occlusion of the left main coronary artery associated with acute anterior infarction was treated successfully with combined emergency intracoronary thrombolysis and coronary bypass surgery. Postoperative angiography demonstrated patent bypass grafts with good preservation of left ventricular function.     

Survival from acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery with preexisting collateral vessels--a case report

A thirty-two-year-old man suffered from evolving acute myocardial infarction caused by total occlusion of the left main coronary artery, which was 95% stenosed before the onset. Nevertheless, he had a good clinical course. The myocardium may have been protected by well-developed preexisting collateral vessels as evidenced by serial coronary angiograms.     

Successful use of sirolimus-eluting stents for treatment of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction caused by left main coronary artery occlusion

We describe an ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction involving the left main coronary artery in a middle-aged man who was treated by primary angioplasty with the use of sirolimus-eluting stents. To our knowledge, this is the 1st report of survival after sirolimus-eluting stent implantation in a patient with acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery. We discuss the case and review the literature.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction due to unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) occlusion is an uncommon clinical entity, but often leads to severe clinical deterioration, with devastating sequalae including fatal arrhythmias, abrupt and severe circulatory failure, and sudden cardiac death. Recent guidelines have promoted treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as a class IIa recommendation alongside coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but the data are still unclear regarding optimal revascularization strategy for patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non‐STEMI (NSTEMI) with ULMCA culprit. PCI has the advantages of offering rapid reperfusion to critically ill patients, often those with prohibitive risk for surgical revascularization, with acceptable short‐ and long‐term outcomes. Recent studies demonstrate that PCI of the ULMCA is a viable alternative to CABG for appropriate patient populations, including those with ULMCA occlusion and those in cardiogenic shock, Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 3, and significant comorbidities. A randomized trial comparing PCI with CABG is needed to clarify the ideal revascularization strategy, though the clinical picture of these critically ill patients may preclude such studies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Acute left main coronary artery occlusion--a case report and review of the literature

Acute left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is rare and typically fatal. According to the recent literature, only three cases have been reported surviving emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) caused by total LMCA occlusion. We report the case of a 52-year-old man presenting with total occlusion of the LMCA associated with acute anterolateral myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. The patient's dominant right coronary artery did not supply the collaterals to the left coronary system. After ineffective thrombolysis the patient underwent successful emergent CABG for the management of uncontrollable cardiogenic shock. Emergent CABG, though controversial, appears to be a feasible approach for patients with AMI in life-threatening situations, when other attempts at reperfusion have been unsuccessful.     

Posterior myocardial infarction caused by superdominant circumflex occlusion over an absent right coronary artery: Case report and review of literature

Rationale:Congenital agenesis of the right coronary artery (CARCA) initially presenting as acute myocardial infarction (AMI) due to total occlusion is a rare clinical condition that can lead to severe complications, including death. We report a case of successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in a patient with this condition.Patient concerns:A 57-year-old man was admitted to our center with chest pain that had occurred several hours prior. Since he was initially diagnosed with AMI with ST-segment elevation, we promptly commenced coronary angiography (CAG).Diagnosis:CAG revealed the absence of a right coronary artery (RCA). In the left coronary cusp area, the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was occluded totally.Interventions:We performed PCI for total occlusion of the proximal part of the LCX. Follow-up CAG showed a superdominant branch of the LCX, sprouting into the RCA territory.Outcomes:The patient was discharged uneventfully after successful PCI.Lessons:CARCA with AMI, which is an extremely unusual case, can be fatal; however, PCI seems to be an effective treatment option.     

自发性左右冠状动脉夹层致急性心肌梗死1例

1病例资料患者,女,49岁,绝经3年,因发作性心慌、胸闷、胸痛10年余,加重1个月入院。患者10余年前开始出现心慌、胸闷及胸痛,多于劳累和受凉感冒后出现,每次持续时间不定,口服"速效救心丸"可以缓解。     

Acute myocardial infarction caused by simultaneous occlusion of the right coronary artery and the left anterior descending coronary artery probably due to coronary spasm: a case report

A 56-year-old man had an attack of chest pain associated with ST-segment elevation in both the inferolateral and anteroseptal leads on electrocardiography. Emergency coronary angiography showed thrombus in the mid right coronary artery and total occlusion in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery. Intravenous heparin infusion and antiplatelet therapy were given without other coronary intervention. After 1 week, repeat coronary angiography showed neither significant stenosis nor thrombus in the coronary arteries. Severe coronary artery spasm in the left coronary artery was induced by the provocation test with intracoronary injection of 50 microg acetylcholine. He had an uneventful hospital course. This unique case demonstrated intracoronary thrombus formation in the right coronary artery and left anterior descending coronary artery simultaneously due to suspected coronary spasm.     

Spontaneous dissection of the left main coronary artery: case report and review of the literature

Abstract Primary coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of myocardial infarction. It should be suspected in young, healthy females. It is a condition which is treated by myocardial revascularisation. (Aust NZ J Med 1991; 21: 891–892.)     

Thrombolytic therapy during acute myocardial infarction due to sudden occlusion of the left main coronary artery

Two patients who suffered from sudden occlusion of the left main coronary artery were successfully treated with intracoronary infusion of streptokinase. One of them underwent successful coronary bypass surgery and the other was treated with medical therapy only. The outcome of this highly lethal condition is discussed.     

老年冠心病患者左主干完全闭塞存活一例并文献复习

1临床资料患者男性,72岁,因“发作性胸部不适2年”入院。患者近2年来多于夜间出现胸骨后压迫样不适,无放射,无大汗、恶心、呕吐,每次持续3～5min自行缓解,含服速效救心丸效果不明显,未诊治。入院前2个月患者再次出现夜间胸部不适,程度较前加重,持续约10min自行缓解。     

Outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction with unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion

Background : We determined the in‐hospital and the long‐term outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion. Methods : Between 1988 and 2009, 72 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) underwent primary PCI for unprotected LMCA occlusion. The short‐ and the long‐term outcomes of primary PCI in these patients were retrospectively evaluated. Results : Upon arrival, cardiogenic shock was observed in 33 (46%) patients and cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in 12 (17%). Twenty‐three (32%) required extracorporeal life support and 64 (89%) intra‐aortic balloon pumping. Although successful reperfusion was achieved in 60 (83%) patients, in‐hospital death was observed in 32 (44%). Multivariate analysis revealed predictors of in‐hospital death to be CPA on arrival (RR, 7.05; 95% CI: 1.28–39.0; P = 0.025). During 1.7 ± 2.9 years of follow‐up, 10 of the 40 hospital survivors died. All presenting CPA on arrival died within 2 years. Although the estimated survival of the all study patients was only 26.2% at 8 years by the Kaplan–Meier methods, those without shock/CPA on arrival showed nearly flat survival curve after 4 years. Conclusions : Despite performance of primary PCI, patients with AMI due to LMCA occlusion were associated with >50% in‐hospital mortality. Hemodynamic deficit upon arrival was the major determinant of their poor hospital outcomes. The hospital survivors, however, were associated with favorable long‐term outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.