Anti-ulcer therapy after eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the cause of the frequent relapse of peptic ulcer disease. Successful eradication therapy of H. pylori is associated with a decline in the recurrence of peptic ulcer. In this paper, we discussed the significance of anti-ulcer therapy after H. pylori eradication therapy. In patients with duodenal ulcer, maintenance therapy for preventing ulcer recurrence is not necessary because the rate of ulcer recurrence after eradication therapy is very low. However, in patients with gastric ulcer, the rate of ulcer relapse and reflux esophagitis ranges between 5-10% in the Japanese population even after successful eradication therapy; therefore, maintenance therapy for 1 year may be permissible in patients with gastric ulcer even after successful eradication therapy.     

左克胶囊三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌感染

目的观察左氧氟沙星短程三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染的疗效。方法100例Hp阳性患者[A组，男62例，女38例；年龄（59±11）岁；十二指肠球部溃疡（DU）62例，胃溃疡（GU）38例]给予泮托拉唑40mg，po，bid，左氧氟沙星200mg及阿莫西林1000mg，po，bid。另102例Hp阳性患者[B组，男59例，女43例；年龄（57±9）岁；DU58例，GU44例]给予泮托拉唑40mg，克拉霉素500mg及阿莫西林1000mg，po，bid。疗程均为1周。疗程结束后4～6周复查胃镜及Hp。结果A、B两组抗Hp治疗结束后4—6周停用PPI2周后，Hp根除率各为87％、79％（P〉0．05），均无严重不良反应。结论Hp耐药菌株多见，左旋氧氟沙星联合奥美拉唑和阿莫西林是一种安全、疗效高、耐受性好的治疗Hp感染的方案。     

Side effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

The authors found that antihelicobacter therapy is accompanied by various side-effects, such as allergic reactions, gastrointestinal disturbances, dysbacteriosis, hematological disorders, and sometimes toxic hepatic lesions, depending on what antibiotic and in what doses is applied, as well as on the duration of antibiotic therapy.     

Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy for gastric ulcer in elderly

Sixty-five-years or older person accounts for 23% of the population in Japan. Hence, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is performed in many elderly patients. Urea breath test and H. pylori stool antigen test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection before and after eradication therapy are recommended from the point of being a noninvasive test and providing accurate diagnosis. H. pylori eradication therapy in Japan consists of the PPI/AMPC/CAM as the first therapy, and PPI/AMPC/MNZ as the second therapy. Eradication therapy rate and adverse effect rate of H. pylori eradication therapy for elderly patients are the same as for young people. It is not necessary to avoid H. pylori eradication therapy merely because of high age in elderly patients. However, it is necessary to be careful regarding drug interactions in patients who are taking multiple drugs.     

免疫刺激剂在幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中的疗效评价

目的观察和评价免疫刺激剂联合三联疗法在幽门螺杆菌（Hp）根除治疗中的临床疗效。方法将150例Hp阳性患者随机分为2组,治疗组给予免疫刺激剂（匹多莫德口服液）联合三联疗法（奥美拉唑＋克拉霉素＋阿莫西林）治疗,对照组单纯采用三联疗法治疗,观察2组患者的临床疗效。结果治疗组Hp根除率（92.0%）明显高于对照组（64.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;治疗组症状缓解率（73.3%）显著高于对照组（56.0%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组不良反应发生率（8.0%）低于对照组（17.3%）,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗组复发率（21.7%）显著低于对照组（43.8%）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论免疫刺激剂联合三联疗法可提高Hp根除率、临床症状缓解率、Hp复发率,减少抗生素不良反应,可直接用于根除Hp的一线首次治疗。     

Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication

H. pylori infection is associated with various gastroduodenal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma. H. pylori infection is suggested that it plays a role as protective factor not promoting factor for reflux esophagitis and GERD. Epidemiological studies showed lower prevalence of H. pylori infection in reflux esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus comparing the control. Increased occurrence of reflux esophagitis after curing of H. pylori infection was reported. However, the relationship between H. pylori infection and reflux esophagitis has not been actually made clear. Also the mechanism of reflux esophagitis occurrence after H. pylori eradication is not obscure.     

Helicobacter pylori eradication: role of individual therapy constituents and therapy duration

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection has become a key factor in the management of dyspepsia and is the treatment of choice for peptic ulcer disease. First-line eradication regimens combining a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole are considered most effective when given for a minimum period of 1 week. Eradication regimens of shorter duration have shown promising results but clinical experience remains limited. Pharmacological properties such as bioavailability and plasma concentrations of individual PPIs differ between individuals but it remains unclear whether these differences impact on the efficacy of eradication therapy and are influenced by renal or hepatic impairment. Bioavailability of PPIs also differs and is impacted on by factors including intragastric pH, metabolic pathways, potency on an mg-for-mg basis and intrinsic antibacterial activity. Several significant pharmacokinetic differences between the PPIs do not seem to influence overall H. pylori eradication rates for first-line triple therapy. However, comparison of factors including pharmacokinetics and treatment duration may prove important in achieving successful eradication with second- and third-line treatments. Based on the factors which influence therapy outcome, we suggest an algorithm for the use of H. pylori eradication therapies.     

益生菌联合三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌疗效研究

目的 评价复方嗜酸乳杆菌片与布拉酵母菌(Saccharomyces boulardii,S.Boulardii)散剂联合三联疗法根除幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)的有效性和安全性.方法 H.pylori阳性患者240例随机分为3组,A组:埃索美拉唑20 mg+阿莫西林1 000 mg+呋喃唑酮100 mg,口服每日2次,疗程10天;B组:在A组三联10天基础上,加用复方嗜酸乳杆菌片1 000 mg,口服每日3次,总疗程14天;C组:在A组三联10天基础上,加用S.Boulardii散剂500mg,口服每日2次,总疗程14天.治疗期间观察患者不良反应发生情况,疗程结束4周后观察H.pylori根除率.结果 A、B、C组H.pylori根除率按意向性(ITT)分析分别为62.5％、76.2％、83.8％,按方案(PP)分析分别为64.1％、79.2％、85.9％,B组、C组PP根除率明显高于A组(P＜0.05),C组ITT和PP根除率与B组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).不良反应发生率方面,B、C组明显低于A组(19.5％、7.7％ vs 34.6％,P＜0.05),C组明显低于B组(P＜0.05).B、C组对药物的耐受程度明显高于A组(P＜0.05),B组与C组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 复方嗜酸乳杆菌片或S,Boulardii散剂联合三联疗法均可提高H.pylori根除率,后者安全性优于前者.     

Improvement in gastric histology following Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy in Japanese peptic ulcer patients

We aimed to determine if successful or failed eradication of Helicobacter pylori with triple therapy causes any difference in gastric mucosal histology. Japanese H. pylori-positive patients with a healed peptic ulcer received high (n = 112) or low (n = 113) doses of triple therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin) for 1 week. Biopsies from the greater curvature of the central antrum and upper corpus were taken 6 weeks and 30 weeks after treatment completion, and gastric mucosal histology compared between successful (n = 171) and failed (n = 34) eradication groups. Morphological variables of gastritis were graded according to the updated Sydney System. Successful eradication therapy was defined as improvement in inflammation, neutrophil activity and atrophy; failed eradication therapy as improvement in inflammation and neutrophil activity only. Gastric mucosal atrophy gradually improved (in addition to improvements in inflammation and neutrophil activity) with successful eradication of H. pylori infection.     

Proton-pump inhibitors versus H2-receptor antagonists in triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Triple therapy with two antibiotics and acid-suppressing drugs is widely accepted for H. pylori eradication. Both H2-receptor antagonist and proton-pump inhibitor are reported to enhance the eradication rate when antibiotics are administered together. Comparative studies using H2-receptor antagonist or proton-pump inhibitor in triple therapy were reviewed. The efficacy of H. pylori eradication regimens with H2-receptor antagonist or proton-pump inhibitor with two antibiotics is not significantly different.     

Oral colonization of Helicobacter pylori: risk factors and response to eradication therapy

BACKGROUND: Dental plaque is considered by some to be a secondary reservoir for Helicobacter pylori and thus responsible for gastric reinfection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether testing dental plaque using a rapid urease test (CLOtest) can be used to determine gastric H. pylori status. METHODS: We investigated dental plaque colonization by H. pylori and its correlation with gastric infection in 75 dyspeptic patients. CLOtest was used to determine H. pylori positivity. RESULTS: Tests for H. pylori were positive in dental plaque samples from 68 patients and in stomach samples from 65 patients. The sensitivity of using CLOtest in dental plaque to determine gastric H. pylori status was 89.7%, with a diagnostic accuracy of 86.7%. Gastric eradication was achieved in 83% of patients, but efforts to eradicate dental plaque colonization were unsuccessful in all patients. CONCLUSION: Using CLOtest to detect H. pylori in dental plaque is a reliable first-line diagnostic approach for gastric H. pylori infection. Dental plaque might be a sanctuary for H. pylori, leading to gastric recurrence.     

Long-term outcomes of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are localized primarily in the gastrointestinal tract and are characterized by an indolent nature and favorable outcome with specific therapy. Gastric MALT lymphomas are closely linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, for which eradication therapy is recognized as an effective primary treatment for the disease. However, there is little information about long-term outcomes after the therapy. In the present study, we elucidated the long-term outcomes of 74 patients (70 H. pylori-positive and 4 negative cases) followed up by endoscopy at least 12 months after exclusive eradication therapy alone. The median follow-up period was 46 months. When the remission status was estimated at the time point of 12 months post-eradication, the numbers of patients with complete remission (CR), histologically residual disease with macroscopic normalization (hRD), partial remission with more than 50% tumor reduction (PR) or no response (NR) were 56, 12, 2 and 4, respectively. During follow-ups of over 12 months post-eradication, 11 of the 12 hRD cases were belatedly induced to CR but one CR case histologically relapsed into hRD. One of the 2 PR cases eventually turned into hRD 20 months later. Therefore, 66 CR, 3 hRD, 1 PR, and 4 NR cases (including 3 H. pylori-negative) were identified at the last follow-up of the present study. All 74 patients were followed up without any second-line therapies, but none exhibited disease progression. Thus, the long-term outcome of localized gastric MALT lymphoma after H. pylori eradication therapy was favorable. A watch and wait strategy may be a reasonable approach for hRD since the majority might be in the process of turning into delayed CR.     

Effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy on the healing process of peptic ulcers

The advent of H2-receptor antagonists (H2RA) and proton pump inhibitors (PPI) has particularly revolutionized the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Most cases can now be successfully controlled by medical treatment with H2RA and PPI, but a high rate of ulcer recurrence remains an important problem. The quality of ulcer healing (QOUH) has therefore received increasing attention, and various investigators have attempted to define the conditions required for nonrecurrence. Ulcer scars with a good QOUH are considered to have a very low risk of recurrence. Recent studies have confirmed that recurrence of peptic ulcer can be suppressed markedly by eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. p). Moreover, various types of endoscopic examinations (conventional observation, dye-contrast endoscopy, magnifying endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, pharmacoendoscopy) have confirmed that the QOUH after eradication of H. p is better than that after conventional anti-ulcer therapy. H. p eradication therapy may become treatment of first choice for peptic ulcers.     

Proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin versus proton pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-metronidazole as first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of the first-line Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimen composed of proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, with those of a regimen composed of proton pump inhibitor, metronidazole, and amoxicillin. Data of patients, who were administered the first-line H. pylori eradication regimen at Tokyo Medical Center between 2008 and 2011, were reviewed. All patients had H. pylori gastritis without peptic ulcer disease. The 7-day triple regimen composed of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin was administered to 55 patients, and that composed of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin was administered to 55 patients. Intention-to-treat and per-protocol eradication rates were 74.5 and 80.4%, respectively, for the regimen of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, whereas the corresponding rates were 96.4 and 100%, respectively, for the regimen of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin. In conclusion, first-line H. pylori eradication therapy composed of omeprazole, metronidazole, and amoxicillin was significantly more effective than that composed of lansoprazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin, without differences in tolerability.     

奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林三联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌感染

[摘要]目的：探讨奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林三联一周疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的疗效及安全性。方法：选择90例Hp阳性慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡患者，随机分为两组。治疗观察组采用奥美拉唑(20 mg，2次／天)，左氧氟沙星(200mg，2次／天)，阿莫西林(1000 mg，2 次／天)，治疗7天。对照组采用奥美拉唑(20mg，2次／天)和克拉霉素(250 mg，2次／天)，阿莫西林(1000 mg，2次／天)，治疗7天；溃疡患者继用奥美拉唑20 mg，1 次／天，3周。疗程结束4周后复查Hp，观察症状缓解率、Hp根除率、溃疡治愈率、不良反应发生率等。结果：治疗组和对照组的症状缓解率、Hp根除率、溃疡治愈率、不良反应发生率分别为92.6％、90.2％ 、90.2％ 、4.8％ 和88．1％ 、85.7％ 、92.9％ 、4.8％ 。两组差异无显著性(P>0．05)。结论：奥美拉唑、左氧氟沙星、阿莫西林三联一周疗法是根除Hp的理想方案，可被作为根除Hp一线治疗方案。     

Improvement of reflux symptom related quality of life after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy and the risk of developing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is controversial. We investigated the influence of H. pylori eradication on the risk of GERD by focusing on the quality of life (QOL) and evaluating reflux symptoms. Patients with H. pylori infection were administered triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. At 3 months and 1 year after the eradication therapy, surveys were conducted to determine the health-related QOL by quality of life in reflux and dyspepsia-Japanese version, (QOLRAD-J) and the severity of GERD symptoms by Carlsson-Dent questionnaire (CDQ). Forty patients were included in the analysis. Although no significant changes of these scores were apparent 3 months after H. pylori eradication, the QOLRAD-J and CDQ scores were significantly improved after 1 year. The degree of improvement was even more marked in cases with initially low scores. In conclusion, improved GERD-related QOL and reflux symptoms were noted 1 year after H. pylori eradication therapy. In addition, the degree of improvement was more marked in cases with severe reflux symptoms.