A型肉毒毒素对偏瘫下肢痉挛状态的疗效

目的 评价A型肉毒毒素结合康复治疗对偏瘫下肢痉挛恢复的影响.方法 选取脑卒中患者30例,随机分成BTXA组和对照组,在治疗前后1周、1、2、3月进行痉挛状态评价.结果 BTXA组较对照组痉挛状态显著降低.结论 BTXA对缓解偏瘫后下肢痉挛状态及改善生活能力有显著疗效.     

国产A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛的疗效

目的探讨国产A型肉毒毒素(CBTX-A)肌肉注射治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛的疗效和安全性。方法选取43例脑卒中患者为研究对象。根据随机数字表将患者分为两组:CBTX-A +康复治疗组(治疗组)和单纯康复治疗组(对照组)。治疗组患者除康复训练外,肱二头肌肌肉注射CBTX- A。分别于治疗前及治疗后2、4、8、12周对患者上肢功能进行评价。评价内容包括改良的Ashworth计分(MAS)、关节活动度(ROM)、上肢的Fugl-Meyer(FMA-上肢)计分和上肢的FIM运动能力(mot- FIM-上肢)。结果治疗组CBTX-A局部注射治疗后,85.7%(18/21)的患者有效。两组在MAS、ROM、FMA-上肢计分和mot-FIM-上肢方面,治疗后比治疗前均有显著改善。治疗后2、4、8周MAS计分治疗组分别为1.74±0.41,1.62±0.35,1.60±0.41,对照组分别为2.50±0.51,2.27±0.53, 2.18±0.55,各期两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。但是在治疗后12周时,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后4-12周,ROM计分治疗组分别为57.81±57.60,66.43±64.38,68.14±65.99,对照组分别为27.91±30.13,30.73±34.03,33.73±34.50,各期治疗组比对照组均有显著性增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后FMA-上肢计分和mot-FIM-上肢计分与对照组相比均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论通过实验可以得出CBTX-A肌肉注射结合康复治疗可以达到提前缓解局部肌张力,扩大关节活动度,减轻疼痛,改善肢体功能的目的,这种治疗方法安全有效,具有良好的耐受性。     

穴位注射A型肉毒素治疗偏头痛的临床研究

目的探讨穴位注射A型肉毒素（BTX-A）治疗偏头痛的疗效。方法将60例偏头痛患者分为固定点注射和针灸穴位点注射两组，每例患者BTX-A注射总剂量均为25U，采用单盲法比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后1、2、3、4个月头痛症状的改善情况。结果治疗后两组偏头痛患者的发作频率、强度及持续时间均较治疗前降低（P〈0．01），但两组治疗后各指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论穴位注射法较固定点注射法治疗偏头痛效果明显，是一种安全、有效的新方法。     

A型肉毒毒素注射配合综合康复训练治疗痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿临床分析

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿的临床疗效。方法选择痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫儿童40例,随机分为A型肉毒毒素治疗组20例和单纯康复治疗组（对照组）20例。治疗组将A型肉毒毒素注射到患儿腘伸肌群和小腿三头肌群,注射后第2天开始进行康复训练（共6个月）。所有患者治疗前及治疗后2周、1个月、3个月、6个月进行腘窝角和足背屈角角度的测量、改良的Ashworth量表、粗大运动功能分级量表进行评价。结果治疗组的腘伸肌群和小腿三头肌群肌张力和粗大运动功能评分均比注射前改善明显（P〈0.05）,治疗效果明显优于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论 A型肉毒素配合康复治疗可以有效降低患儿患侧的肌张力,有助于提高运动功能,缩短治疗时间。     

A型肉毒毒素治疗脑卒中后上肢肌痉挛的疗效分析

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)治疗脑卒中后肌痉挛的临床疗效.方法 选择54例脑卒中后存在上肢肌肉痉挛的患者,按随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组(各27例),两组患者均进行肢体康复训练.研究组加行注射BTX-A.分别观察比较两组治疗后2周、4周、12周的Fugl-Meyer运动功能评测、改良 Ashworth肌痉挛量表评定情况及Barthel指数.结果 治疗后2周、4周时,研究组与对照组的改良Ashworth评分评定比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).治疗后4周、12周时,研究组与对照组的Fugl-Meycr评分变化、Barthel指数比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 BTX-A治疗脑卒中后上肢肌痉挛安全、简便、起效迅速,同时积极配合康复功能训缘,可以有效改善患者的运动功能和日常生活活动能力.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗痉挛斜颈18例临床报告

<正> 痉挛性斜颈为头颈部肌肉不协调过度收缩而致的持续性头位异常,常伴有局部痛疼或压痛。我们采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗痉挛性斜颈患者18例,取得了较为理想的效果,现报道如下。     

A型肉毒素治疗书写痉挛6例临床观察

书写痉挛是指职业要求持久的用手书写者 ,会在写字时出现手部或包括前臂在内的肌肉痉挛或肌张力障碍。应用 A型肉毒毒素 ( BTXA)治疗此病是 90年代治疗学上的一个新进展 ,近年国内少量临床应用 ,现将我院收治的 6例患者用BTXA治疗的方法、效果报道如下。1　资料与方法1.1　临床资料　见表 1。表 1　临床资料性别年龄职业病程症状辅检针炙理疗例 1　例 2例 3　例 4　例 5　例 6　男　男男　女　男　男　2 3岁　5 0岁65岁　40岁　5 0岁　2 8岁　学生　秘书工人　出纳　干事　公安　半年　3年15年　3个月　1年　1年　右手握笔紧 ,字迹不整 …     

重复经颅磁刺激联合重复注射A型肉毒毒素对脑卒中后下肢肌肉痉挛状态的临床疗效和安全性研究

目的观察脑卒中后下肢肌肉痉挛患者行重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)重复注射的治疗效果及安全性。方法选择2013年7月至2016年7月于本院康复科治疗的伴有下肢肌肉痉挛的脑卒中患者共96例,按照随机数字表法分为4组:A组,康复治疗;B组,rTMS+康复治疗;C组,重复注射BTX-A+康复治疗;D组,rTMS+重复注射BTX-A+康复治疗。治疗前及治疗后1、6和12个月对4组患者采用改良Ashworth痉挛量表(MAS)评定肌张力,Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能量表(FMA)评定下肢运动功能,采用改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)评定患者日常生活能力,Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定患者平衡能力。并观察患者在治疗的过程中的不良反应情况。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后1、6、12个月,B、C、D组的MAS评分呈下降趋势,D组最为明显(P<0.05);4组患者治疗1个月后FMA评分、MBI评分、BBS评分均升高,治疗后6、12个月,A、B、C组的FMA评分、MBI评分、BBS评分有下降或回升,D组的评分都呈上升趋势,均高于其他3组(P<0.05);治疗过程中,4组均无严重不良反应情况发生。结论 rTMS联合重复注射A型肉毒毒素能够有效降低脑卒中后下肢肌肉痉挛患者的肌肉张力,提高患者的生活质量,治疗效果较为持久,无不良反应,有临床应用价值。     

A型肉毒毒素局部注射治疗对偏侧面肌痉挛患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨A型肉毒毒素(BTXA)局部注射治疗对偏侧面肌痉挛(HFS)患者生活质量的影响.方法 给予108例HFS患者BTXA局部肌肉注射治疗.在治疗前、治疗后3及6个月时应用Cohen分级标准进行痉挛程度及疗效评价,用生活质量量表(QOL-BREF)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行测评.结果 治疗后3及6个月时Cohen分级较治疗前明显下降;治疗3个月时显效率及总有效率为90.1％、100％,6个月时为83.3％、96.3％.与治疗前比较,治疗3及6个月时除环境评分外,各项QOL-BREF量表评分明显提高,SDS及SAS评分明显降低(均P＜0.05);有抑郁及焦虑情绪的比率明显降低(均P＜0.05).结论 BTXA治疗HFS疗效显著,并能明显改善其健康相关生存质量.     

肉毒杆菌毒素A在脑卒中后肢体痉挛中的应用

Ａ型肉毒毒素是近年来治疗脑卒中后肢体痉挛的一个新进展,国外已有多项试验证实了它的有效性及安全性,国内的研究也正在展开,本文综述了肉毒毒素的特点及其在脑卒中后肢体痉挛治疗的临床应用状况。     

A dose–response relationship research on botulinum toxin type A local intramuscular injections of lower extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy

Objectives To observe the dose–response relationship of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) in the spastic cerebral palsy. Methods One hundred fifty cases (age between 2 and 12 years) were randomly divided into three groups. The patients were injected with different dose of BTX-A. The movement function was evaluated with modified Ashworth scale (MAS) and physician's rating scale (PRS) at entry and 1 month after injection. The analyses were conducted with one-way analysis of variance and χ ² test. Results The evaluation of MAS and PRS revealed a significant increase of movement function. No statistically significant differences of the side effects among three groups could be demonstrated. Conclusions The study suggested that the movement function was more significantly improved with relatively higher dose of BTX-A, which was safe and effective.     

Prevalence of neutralising antibodies in patients treated with botulinum toxin type A for spasticity

Botulinum toxin (BT) has been used with great success to treat various muscle hyperactivity disorders. Occasionally, antibodies against BT (BT-AB) can be formed. When they are directed against the neurotoxin component of the BT drug, they are called neutralising antibodies. They can reduce the therapeutic effect partially or completely. We have measured neutralising BT-AB by use of the mouse diaphragm assay (MDA) in 42 adult patients with spasticity in the order of their appearance in the clinic. The patients had been treated for at least 2 years with BT type A (BT-A) and received on an average 14.2 ± 6.1 BT-A injection series. BT-A was applied as Botox only, Dysport only or by sequential application of both preparations. The mean cumulative doses were 4,610 ± 1,936 units Botox and 14,033 ± 7,566 units Dysport, respectively. The mean treatment time was 4.5 ± 1.8 (2–8) years. All patients were initially responsive to BT-A therapy. MDA detected BT-AB in 12% (5/42) of patients. However, in three patients the BT-AB titre was very low (<0.3 mIU/ml), in one it was intermediate (0.6 mIU/ml) and in one patient it was high (>1.0 mIU/ml). All BT-AB negative patients and also two of the patients with low BT-AB titre remained clinically responsive to BT therapy throughout the study. In conclusion, prevalence of BT-AB formation with clinical relevance (6%, 3/42) in adult patients with spasticity is not higher than that of BT-treated patients with cervical dystonia and much lower than that of BT-treated patients with infantile cerebral palsy.     

Effects of botulinum toxin A therapy and multidisciplinary rehabilitation on upper and lower limb spasticity in post-stroke patients

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of combined botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and inpatient multidisciplinary (MD) rehabilitation therapy on the improvement of upper and lower limb function in post-stroke patients. Methods. In this retrospective study, a 12-day inpatient treatment protocol was implemented on 51 post-stroke patients with spasticity. Assessments were performed on the day of admission, at discharge, and at 3 months following discharge. Results. At the time of discharge, all of the evaluated items showed a statistically significant improvement. Only the Functional Reach Test (FRT) showed a statistically significant improvement at 3 months. In subgroup analyses, the slowest walking speed group showed a significantly greater change ratio of the 10 Meter Walk Test relative to the other groups, from the time of admission to discharge. This group showed a greater FRT change ratio than the other groups from the time of admission to the 3-month follow-up. Conclusion. Inpatient combined therapy of simultaneous injections of BoNT-A to the upper and lower limbs and MD may improve motor function.     

Overview of botulinum toxin as a treatment for spasticity in stroke patients

Spasticity after the occurrence of stroke induces limb deformity, functional disability and/or pain in patients, which limits their activities of daily living and deteriorates their quality of life. Botulinum toxin (BTX) has recently been reported as an efficacious therapeutic agent for the treatment of spasticity. Systematic review and meta-analysis studies have demonstrated that BTX therapy after stroke reduces spasticity and increases physical activity capacity and performance levels. Moreover, BTX can be used as an adjuvant in physiotherapy. Several studies have confirmed that the combination of BTX therapy and physiotherapy improves motor recovery. However, to date, only a few such combination studies have been conducted and their findings are considered preliminary and controversial. Therefore, future studies are required to determine the appropriate combination of treatment methods that will aid motor recovery.     

Effectiveness of botulinum toxin A for upper and lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: a summary of evidence

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) therapy has gained wide acceptance in the management of spasticity in cerebral palsy (CP). Clinical experience from numerous case reports and series, retrospective and prospective open label cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCT) has grown over the past 10 years. Several independent systematic reviews on the role of BoNT-A for upper and lower limb spasticity have been written by various authors. The objective of this paper is to summarize past systematic reviews and recent RCT not yet included in the systematic reviews that assess the effectiveness of BoNT-A in upper and lower limb spasticity in children with CP. We reviewed four Class II RCT discussed in five independent systematic reviews and two new Class II trials on the use of BoNT-A alone or with occupational therapy compared to placebo or occupational therapy alone in children with upper limb spasticity. There were 229 children recruited in these six trials and of those, 115 children received BoNT-A in the upper limbs. Five of six RCT showed a time limited decrease in muscle tone most especially at the wrist. Four of six trials showed improvement of hand function on a few specific functional tests. Four systematic reviews concluded that there is insufficient and inconsistent evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of BoNT-A in upper limb spasticity but one recent review recommended that BoNT-A should be considered as a treatment option in upper limb spasticity. For lower limb spasticity, we reviewed 13 RCT discussed in six systematic reviews and two new trials comparing BoNT-A with placebo or other rehabilitation modalities such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, casting or electrical stimulation. In these studies, 617 children were recruited and of those, 360 children received BoNT-A in the lower limbs. There were six Class I and nine Class II trials. Three Class I trials documented significant improvement in gait pattern in children with gastrocnemius spasticity and one Class I study showed significant reduction in tone in the hip adductors. The most recent review establishes BoNT-A as an effective treatment for equinovarus deformity. Adverse events in these trials were mild and self-limited. The most common complaints were pain in the injection sites and transient weakness. BoNT-A is considered safe for use in children. In conclusion, there is now growing convincing evidence for the time limited beneficial effect of BoNT-A in decreasing muscle tone in children with upper and lower limbs spasticity associated with CP. Decrease muscle tone in the lower limbs translates to improved gait in CP children with spastic equinovarus however more systematic studies are necessary to show sufficient evidence for improved hand function from BoNT-A injection in the upper limbs.     

Botulinum toxin type B in antibody-induced botulinum toxin type A therapy failure

Recently, it was reported that botulinum toxin type B complex (BoNT/B) (NeuroBloc®, Elan Pharmaceuticals) can produce an adequate therapeutic response in patients with antibody induced failure of botulinum toxin type A complex (BoNT/A) therapy. We wanted to study whether this effect is transient or sustained. For this, 10 consecutive patients (6 males, 4 females, age 54.6 ± 14.3 years, duration of illness 15.8 ± 7.0 years) with complete BoNT/A therapy failure and BoNT/A antibody titres in excess of 10mU/ml in the mouse diaphragm assay (MDA) received BoNT/B in an initial dose of 12370 ± 1804MU. After the first BoNT/B application the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) improved from 20.1 ± 3.0 to 11.9 ± 3.4. In all patients systemic anticholinergic side effects occurred. Three patients had stable continuous responses to two, three and five subsequent BoNT/B applications. Six patients showed complete secondary therapy failure to the second or third subsequent BoNT/B applications. Side effects did no longer occur. In four of them the BoNT/B doses were doubled without producing any therapeutic benefit or any side effects. In five of them MDA testing was performed and revealed BoNT/B antibody titres in excess of 1mU/ml. One patient lost half of her initial BoNT/B responsiveness indicating partial secondary BoNT/B therapy failure. This partial therapy failure was seen on two consecutive application series and has not proceeded to complete therapy failure so far. BoNT/B seems to be only temporarily effective in the majority of patients with BoNT/A antibody induced therapy failure. Whether the formation of BoNT/B antibody points to a high antigenic potency of BoNT/B, to an increased immunoreactivity in BoNT/A antibody carriers or whether it is due to the large amount of protein applied in BoNT/B therapy needs to be studied.     

A型肉毒毒素治疗卒中患者痉挛性足下垂和足内翻的研究

目的探讨A型肉毒毒素治疗卒中后患者痉挛性足下垂及足内翻的效果及对步行功能的改善。方法35例卒中后痉挛性足下垂及足内翻患者,随机分为BTX2A注射结合物理治疗组(17例)和单纯物理治疗组(18例)。治疗组应用下肢肌肉局部注射国产A型肉毒毒素治疗,每个患者每次选择3~5块肌肉,每块肌肉总的注射剂量为50~100IU。对照组仅接受康复治疗。所有患者在注射前,注射后2周、1个月、3个月改良Ashworth量表(MAS)评定肌张力变化,按粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中的D和E两项及步行速度评价步行能力。结果MAS评分治疗后2周、1个月、3个月组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GMFM评分治疗后1、3个月组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。步行速度治疗后1、3个月组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论研究发现下肢肌肉局部注射A型肉毒毒素结合康复治疗可以更好减轻脑卒中患者的肌张力,改善患者的痉挛步态。     

Effects of botulinum toxin A therapy and multidisciplinary rehabilitation on lower limb spasticity classified by spastic muscle echo intensity in post-stroke patients

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate retrospectively the relationship between botulinum toxin type A plus multidisciplinary rehabilitation and muscle echo intensity in post-stroke patients with spasticity. The primary aim was to investigate whether the effects of the intervention on the improvement of spasticity depend on muscle echo intensity, and the secondary aim was to investigate whether the motor function of the lower limbs depends on muscle echo intensity.

Methods: A 12-day inpatient protocol was designed for 102 post-stroke patients with spasticity due to lower limb paralysis. Muscle echo intensity of the triceps surae muscle was measured by ultrasonography, and the patients were categorized into four groups based on Heckmatt scale grades (Grades I–IV).

Results: All four groups classified by the Heckmatt scale showed significant pre-to-post-intervention differences in the knee and ankle modified Ashworth scale scores (p < 0.05). Grades I–III patient groups showed a significant improvement in lower limb motor function following intervention. Grade IV patients did not show a significant improvement in lower limb motor function.

Conclusions: We observed significant improvements in the modified Ashworth scale scores after botulinum toxin type A and multidisciplinary rehabilitation therapy on post-stroke patients with spasticity. Although patients with lower muscle echo intensity demonstrated improvements in motor function, the improvement was poor in those with higher muscle echo intensity.