急性颅脑损伤患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α及IL-6 IL-8的水平变化及检测意义

目的 探讨急性颅脑损伤患者血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α及IL-6、IL-8的水平变化及检测意义.方法 选取我院2014-01—2016-01收治的急性颅脑损伤患者102例(研究组),根据入院时格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分分为轻度(n=40)、中度(n=32)、重度组(n=30),分别于入院后1、3、7 d检测血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8的水平,以我院同期门诊健康者40例为对照组,对比各组血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8的水平变化,分析其与急性脑梗死患者病情的关系.根据治疗后6个月日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分分为预后良好组(n=64)与预后不良组(n=38),比较2组血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平,分析其与预后的关系.结果 入院后第1天,研究组患者血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);发病后1、3、7 d轻型组、中型组、重型组同时间点血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);轻型组与中型组患者血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平随着发病时间的延长,水平逐渐升高,至发病第3天到达高峰,至发病第7天下降,不同时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);重型组患者血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平随着时间的延长逐渐升高,不同时间点比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);预后不良组血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平明显高于预后良好组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患者脑损伤程度(GCS评分)与血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平有显著相关性(r=-0.52、-0.62、-0.69,均P<0.05).结论 血清TNF-α及IL-6、IL-8水平与急性颅脑损伤患者的病情程度有明显相关性,可有效判断患者病情的变化,同时对患者预后的预测具有重要的临床意义.     

脑动静脉畸形显微手术后周围脑组织IL-17A、TGF-β表达水平及意义

目的 观察白细胞介素-17A(IL-17A)及转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)在脑动静脉畸形(AVM)显微手术后灶周脑组织中表达的变化及意义. 方法 前瞻性观察25例脑AVM患者IL-17A、TGF-β表达情况,其中12例患者血管内栓塞治疗后行显微手术切除,设为栓塞组;13例行单纯显微手术切除,设为未栓塞组.6例对照组脑组织为来源于外伤及脑出血内减压术后的正常脑组织标本.采用免疫组化和RT-PCR技术,检测AVM灶周脑组织IL-17A、TGF-β蛋白及mRNA的表达. 结果 与对照组比较,栓塞组及未栓塞组灶周脑组织的IL-17A蛋白及其mRNA表达明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与未栓塞组比较,栓塞组IL-17A蛋白及mRNA表达明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与对照组比较,栓塞组与未栓塞组TGF-β蛋白及mRNA表达明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);与未栓塞组比较,栓塞组TGF-β蛋白升高不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),TGF-β mRNA明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 IL-17A表达升高参与了AVM血管扩张及再通的临床病理过程,而TGF-β表达升高具有抑制栓塞后炎症反应的作用.     

急性脑梗死患者血清IL-8、IL-17、IL-18水平变化

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清白介素(IL)-8、IL-17、IL-18的水平变化及意义。方法采用ELISA法检测89例急性脑梗死患者和45例健康对照者血清中IL-8、IL-17、IL-18的水平,比较2组差异。结果急性脑梗死患者血清中IL-8、IL-17、IL-18的水平均高于健康对照者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论炎症反应参与了急性脑梗死的病理生理过程,IL-8、IL-17、IL-18水平的变化可用于监测急性脑梗死的病情严重程度。     

脑脊液IFN-γ IL-4在结核性脑膜炎病程中的动态变化

目的应用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunol sorbance assay,ELISA)检测脑脊液中炎症因子IFN-γ、IL-4的动态变化,探讨其在诊断结核性脑膜炎(结脑)中的意义及与预后的关系。方法测定发病2周内结脑组及对照组脑脊液中IFN-γ、IL-4含量及结脑组经抗结核治疗8周后脑脊液IFN-γ、IL-4含量。结果结脑组早期脑脊液IFN-γ、IL-4含量较对照组明显升高,经过抗结核治疗8周后47例明显下降,3例无下降者均为重症患者,2例合并脑梗死,1例合并脊髓损害肠梗阻。结论急性期脑脊液中IFN-γ、IL-4含量升高有助于结脑的诊断,其动态变化有助于判断结脑预后。     

成人颅内感染性疾病脑脊液检测指标变化的研究

目的观察成人颅内感染性疾病患者脑脊液中白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(high sensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactic dehydrogenase,LDH)、腺苷脱氨酶(adenosine deaminase,ADA)、胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase,CHE)、谷草转氨酶(glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,AST/GOT)水平的变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法选取郑州大学第二附属医院2015-01—2018-06收治的120例患者,A组为30例化脓性脑膜炎患者,B组为28例病毒性脑膜炎患者,C组为22例结核性脑膜炎患者,D组为40例无颅内感染的患者。检测脑脊液IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT、LDH、ADA、CHE、AST水平,比较4组检测指标。结果 A、B、C组分别与D组相比,A组脑脊液hs-CRP、PCT、ADA水平明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); B组脑脊液hs-CRP、PCT、ADA水平与D组相比,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); C组脑脊液ADA水平明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05); PCT、hs-CRP水平与D组相比,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05); A、B、C组IL-6、LDH、CHE、AST水平均明显高于D组,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。结论成人化脓性脑膜炎患者脑脊液中IL-6、hs-CRP、PCT、LDH、ADA、CHE、AST水平明显升高,对化脓性脑膜炎患者具有较高的早期诊断价值; ADA可作为结核性脑膜炎的鉴别诊断指标。     

脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液IL-6和SIL-2R的水平及其与癫痫发作的关系

目的测定脑囊虫病患者血清和脑脊液IL-6和SIL-2R水平,并探讨其与癫痫发作的关系。方法应用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定45例脑囊虫病患者和43例对照组患者血清和脑脊液IL-6利SIL-2R的水平,其中脑囊虫病组又分为癫痫组(23例)和非癫痫组(22例),分别进行了比较分析。结果脑囊虫病组血清SIL-2R水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05);而IL-6水平与对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。脑囊虫病组脑脊液SIL-2R和IL-6水平均较对照组低(P<0.01,P<0.05);脑囊虫病组血清SIL-2R和IL-6水平与脑脊液SIL-2R和IL-6水平均呈正相关(r=0.322,P<0.05;r=0.768,P<0.01)。脑囊虫病癫痫组血清SIL-2R和IL-6水平与非癫痫组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05);而脑脊液SIL-2R和IL-6水平癫痫组明显高于非癫痫组(P<0.01)。结论脑囊虫病患者外周血和中枢神经系统存在免疫激活,且SIL-2R和IL-6可能参与了癫痫发生过程。     

针刺治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者脑脊液中IL-6、IL-10表达的影响

目的观察针刺治疗对重型颅脑损伤患者脑脊液中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）表达的影响，探讨针刺治疗实现脑保护的机理。方法将39例重型颅脑损伤患者按人院时间随机分为针刺组（20例）和对照组（19例）。对照组患者给予常规治疗；针刺组在常规治疗基础上针刺劳宫、厉兑和涌泉三穴位。应用Partec流式细胞仪测定患者人院后第1天、2天、3天和第5天脑脊液中IL-6及IL-10的含量。结果针刺组脑脊液中IL-6浓度在人院后第1天最高，第2、3、5天持续下降．均明显低于同期对照组（P〈0．05）；针刺组患者脑脊液中IL-10浓度在人院后第1天较高，高于对照组，第2、3、5天持续下降，均低于同期对照组，但差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论针刺治疗可明显抑制颅脑损伤后患者脑脊液中IL-6的表达．并有可能减轻IL-6表达水平上调相关的炎症反应所介导的继发性脑组织损伤。     

PICC肿瘤患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6水平分析

目的探讨PICC肿瘤患者血清中TNF-α、IL-6水平的变化。方法选择2009-02~09某省5所医院肿瘤科未PICC患者35例为对照组,行PICC的患者35例为实验组;放射免疫法测定血浆中TNF-α、IL-6水平;SPSS 13.0统计软件处理数据。结果行PICC组的TNF-α值为0.82±0.23,与对照组0.61±0.15比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);PICC组IL-6值为128.13±40.70,与对照组207.04±74.86比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PICC置管后血浆炎症细胞因子TNF-α水平的升高和IL-6水平的下降,可能提示置管与静脉炎性反应的关系,进而预测静脉血栓形成。     

颅脑损伤患者血清与脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平的变化及临床意义

目的探讨颅脑损伤患者血清与脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平的变化及临床意义。方法选取2014-06—2016-01我院收治的96例颅脑损伤患者为研究对象(实验组),选取同期门诊健康者30例为对照组,应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验法(ELISA)检测样本IL-1β及NSE的含量,比较实验组发病入院后不同时间点与对照组血清与脑脊液IL-1β及NSE的水平。依据患者入院时的格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评分将其分为轻度组(n=36)、中度组(n=32)和重度组(n=28),对比各组患者血清与脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平的变化。结果观察组血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平均明显高于对照组(P0.05);发病入院1d、3d,颅脑损伤患者血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平均呈升高趋势(P0.05),且在发病后第3天达到高峰;发病入院后第7天,血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平均轻微下降。轻度、中度、重度组血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平均明显高于对照组,且随着病情程度的加重,血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平均呈升高趋势,血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平与患者病情程度具有明显相关性。脑脊液中IL-1β及NSE水平均高于血清(P0.05)。结论颅脑损伤后患者血清及脑脊液IL-1β及NSE水平可反映颅脑损伤程度,可作为判断颅脑损伤患者预后的敏感指标。     

TNF-α和IL-1β在细菌性脑膜炎患儿血清中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨TNF-α及IL-1β在细菌性脑膜炎患儿血清中的表达情况及临床意义。方法选择2011-03—2013-02我院收治的30例细菌性脑膜炎患儿为研究组,另选择同期收治的25例病毒性脑膜炎患儿为对照组,选用ELISA(双抗体酶联免疫吸附法)方法分别测定2组患儿血清中的TNF-α(肿瘤坏死因子-α)及IL-1β(白细胞激素-1)的表达水平。结果研究组血清TNF-α表达水平(27.8±3.2)pg/L明显高于对照组(14.5±1.6)pg/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组血清IL-1β表达水平(22.3±2.5)ng/L明显高于对照组(18.6±1.9)ng/L,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与病毒性脑膜炎患儿相比,细菌性脑膜炎患儿血清中TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平更高,在临床诊断中有助于病毒性脑膜炎与细菌性脑膜炎鉴别诊断,具有重要临床参考价值。     

联合检测CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平在成人脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨联合检测C-反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin)水平在成人脑膜炎诊断中的应用价值。方法 选取病毒性脑膜炎患者30例为病毒组,结核性脑膜炎患者30例为结核组,化脓性脑膜炎患者30例为化脓组; 同时选取体检健康者30例为对照组,检测4组血清中CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin的表达水平; 用ROC曲线下面积分析CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平对成人脑膜炎的诊断价值。结果 健康人群血清中CRP和IL-6的表达水平均比成人脑膜炎患者低,且在病毒性脑膜炎、结核性脑膜炎和化脓性脑膜炎患者中表达水平有明显差异,血清中Procalcitonin的表达水平在化脓性脑膜炎患者中最高(P<0.05),结核性脑膜炎患者次之(P<0.05),健康人群再次之(P<0.05),病毒性脑膜炎患者中最低(P<0.05)。CRP高表达与成人脑膜炎患者脑脊液中蛋白水平呈正相关(r=0.826,P<0.001); Procalcitonin高表达与成人脑膜炎患者脑脊液中葡萄糖水平呈正相关(r=0.866,P<0.001)。诊断病毒性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为83%、87%、87%,特异度为83%、87%、87%; 诊断结核性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为93%、87%、87%,特异度为67%、73%、87%; 诊断化脓性脑膜炎患者与体检健康者CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平的灵敏度分别为87%、87%、87%,特异度为87%、73%、87%; CRP,IL-6和Procalcitonin水平对成人脑膜炎的联合诊断的灵敏度为88.89%,特异度为83.33%,准确度为87.50%。结论 CRP,IL-6,Procalcitonin水平可作为辅助诊断成人脑膜炎的潜在标志物。     

小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液中HBP和VE-cadherin的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值

目的 探讨小儿化脓性脑膜炎脑脊液肝素结合蛋白(Heparin-binding protein,HBP)和血管内皮细胞钙黏蛋白(Vascular endothelial-cadherin,VE-cadherin)的水平变化及其对预后的预测价值。方法 选取2019年2月-2021年本院收治的化脓性脑膜炎患儿106例[(Purulent meningitis,PM)组]和病毒性脑炎患儿75例[(Vascular endothelial,VE)组],同时选取60例在本院就诊的非感染性疾病患儿作为对照组; 比较3组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平变化; 将PM组患儿依据出院时格拉斯哥预后评分(Glasgow outcome scale,GOS)标准分为预后良好组和预后不良组,对比预后良好组和预后不良组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平以及其他可能的影响因素; 采用Logistic回归分析法明确影响化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素; 绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平对化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的预测价值。结果 入院第1 d PM组、VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于对照组(P<0.05); PM组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均高于VE组(P<0.05)。治疗后PM组与VE组患儿脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平均低于入院第1 d(P<0.05),但2组治疗7 d后比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。单因素分析显示,预后不良组休克、意识障碍、脑脊液细菌培养阳性的占比、脑脊液白细胞计数(White blood cell,WBC)、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(Procalcitonin,PCT)、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。经Logistic回归分析显示,休克、意识障碍、HBP(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)、VE-cadherin(入院第1 d与治疗7 d后)水平均是化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素(P<0.05)。受试者工作特征(Receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析显示,入院第1 d脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(Areaunder the curve,AUC)分别为93.57%、92.16%、0.915,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测; 治疗7 d后脑脊液HBP联合VE-cadherin水平预测化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的灵敏度、准确度、曲线下面积(AUC)分别为96.89%、95.71%、0.931,均高于脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin单独预测。结论 在化脓性脑膜炎患儿中脑脊液HBP,VE-cadherin水平异常升高,且是导致化脓性脑膜炎患儿预后不良的危险因素,对小儿化脓性脑膜炎的预后具有较高的预测价值。     

IL-17在中枢神经系统感染发病机制及鉴别诊断中的作用

目的 探讨IL-17有无参与结核性脑膜炎(TBM)、隐球菌性脑膜炎(CM)、病毒性脑膜脑炎(VM)这3类中枢神经系统感染的免疫反应和对这3类中枢神经系统感染的鉴别诊断有无提示意义.方法 选择自2008年2月至2009年12月在中山大学附属第三医院住院治疗的中枢神经系统感染患者112例,根据感染源不同分为TBM组、CM组和VM组.同时选择同期在该院住院的非中枢神经系统感染性疾病及非自身免疫疾病患者36例,归入对照组.用ELISA法测定IL-17、IL-12、IFN-γ在4组患者脑脊液中的浓度.结果 4组对象脑脊液中IL-17水平差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),由高到低依次是CM组、TBM组、VM组和对照组.4组患者间IL-12、IFN-γ水平差异也有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中TBM组和CM组患者脑脊液中的IL-12、IFN-γ的水平较VM组和对照组患者明显增高.TBM组患者脑脊液中IL-17与IL-12呈负相关(r=-0.311,P=0.033).IL-17、IL-12、IFN-γ与脑脊液白细胞数均呈正相关(r=0.219,0.434,0.341;P=0.031,0.027,0.001).利用脑脊液中IL-17的水平建立这3种疾病的ROC曲线,曲线下面积均大于0.7.结论 Th17免疫途径广泛的参与了这3种中枢神经系统感染的免疫应答,且可能与Th1免疫途径相互影响.IL-17检测有助于这3类中枢神经系统感染的鉴别诊断.

Abstract：

Objective To study the role of IL-17 in the pathogenesy and differential diagnosis of the 3 types of CNS infections (tubercular meningitis [TBM], cryptococcal meningitis [CM], viral meningoencephalitis [VM]). Methods One hundred and twelve patients with CNS infections,admitted to out hospital from February 2008 to December 2009, were chosen and divided into TBM group, CM group and VM group;another 36 patients without CNS infections either autoimmune disease at the same period were chosen as control group. ELISA was employed to determine the levels of IL-17,IL-12, IFN-γ in the cerebrospinal fluid in these 4 groups. Results IL-17 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of the 3 groups with CNS infections were obviously different, but all of them were significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05), with CM group enjoying the highest level, following by TBM group,VM group and control group. The levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in patients with TBM and CM were higher than those in patients with VM and controls. Through the correlation analysis of IL-17, IL-12 and IFN-γ in patients with TBM, we found that IL-17 level was negatively correlated with IL-12 level (r=-0.3 11,P=0.033);the levels of these 3 cytokines were positively correlated with the quantity of leucocytes (r=0.219, 0.434 and 0.341, P=0.031, 0.027 and 0.001). ROC curves were established for differential diagnosis among these 3 groups according to CSF IL-17 levels, and all of the areas under the curve were bigger than 0.7. Conclusion Thl7 pathway is widely involved in the immune responses of CNS infection, and interacts with Thl pathway. The different levels of IL-17 in the cerebrospinal fluids in patients with various CNS infections may contribute to differential diagnosis.     

Cerebrospinal Fluid TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 in Children With Bacterial Meningitis

ObjectiveWe evaluated the levels of cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in bacterial meningitis in children.MethodsThe study included children up to 14 years of age admitted to a pediatric ward with fever, headache, vomiting, and seizures. The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis was based on clinical features: physical examination, blood and cerebrospinal fluid cytochemical findings, Gram stain, and bacterial culture. The cerebrospinal fluid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were measured in 57 children with bacterial meningitis, 15 with viral meningitis, and 15 controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.ResultsThe mean concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 were 1108 ± 183, 652 ± 287, and 442 ± 120 pg/mL, respectively, in children with bacterial meningitis and were significantly increased in those in the viral meningitis group (tumor necrosis factor-α : 711 ± 105, IL-6 : 272 ± 161, IL-8 : 175 ± 62 pg/mL; P < 0.001) or control (390 ± 37, 59 ± 17, 19 ± 13 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001). At optimum cutoff level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, cerebrospinal fluid cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8) showed sensitivity and specificity of 100% for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. For differentiation of bacterial from viral meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid level of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-8 showed sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 86.7%, 80.7% and 53.3%, and 89.5% and 86.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe increased concentration of cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in children with meningitis suggests a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and these levels might prove to be useful in children whose diagnosis is in question.     

颅内感染患儿脑脊液中可溶性白细胞介素2受体的测定

目的探讨脑脊液中可溶性白细胞介素2受体水平的变化对脑膜炎的鉴别诊断价值。方法用ELISA法对66例初诊为颅内感染患儿，其中化脓性脑膜炎（化脑）19例，结核性脑膜炎（结脑）20例，病毒性脑膜炎（病脑）27例．进行了脑脊液中可溶性白细胞介素2受体（sIL－2R）水平测定，并与对照组测定值进行比较。结果患儿组的测定位均明显高于对照组测定值．其中以结脑患儿组测定值最高，各患儿组之间的测定值均存在明显差别（P＜0．001）。结脑组和化脑组患儿sIL－2R的测定值存在部分重叠．与病脑组患儿的测定值无任何重叠。结论脑脊液中sIL－2R的测定可能有助于辅助病脑同结脑、化脑的鉴别。     

降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的意义

目的探讨降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的意义。方法将我院2014-02—2015-10收治的71例脑膜炎患者根据临床诊断分为化脓性脑膜炎患儿36例(观察B组)和病毒性脑膜炎患儿35例(观察A组),选择同期于我院治疗的非感染性疾病患儿35例为对照组,3组患者均予以血清降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数检测,对比3种检测方法的诊断价值。结果 3组降钙素原、C反应蛋白阳性率对比具有显著性差异(P0.05),其中观察B组降钙素原阳性率、C反应蛋白阳性率明显高于观察A组、对照组(P0.05);观察B组内,降钙素原检测阳性率明显高于C反应蛋白、白细胞计数(P0.05);3组降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数定量检测结果对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中观察B组降钙素原、C反应蛋白、白细胞计数均明显高于观察A组、对照组(P0.05)。结论降钙素原在婴幼儿化脓性脑膜炎早期诊断中的应用价值高,值得推广。     

Ketamine increases opening cerebrospinal pressure in children undergoing lumbar puncture

Intravenous ketamine, often administered concomitantly with midazolam, is one of the most commonly used drugs for procedural sedation in children. Although it is considered safe for use in children, ketamine can increase intracranial pressure. Hence, this study was carried out to determine whether adding ketamine to midazolam prior to performing lumbar puncture would be associated with a higher cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in children with suspected aseptic meningitis. Thirty-nine children aged 6 months to 14 years were included: 26 in group A (intravenous midazolam plus ketamine) and 13 in group B (intravenous midazolam only). Mean cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in group A was 24.4 cm H2O (median 23 cm H2O) compared with 20 cm H2O (median 19.8 cm H2O) in group B (P = .011). Intravenous ketamine prior to performing lumbar puncture is associated with a significantly higher lumbar cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure in children with aseptic meningitis. However, no outcome differences have been found between the two groups.     

结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液外泌体中let-7d表达的研究

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎(tuberculoulous meningitis,TBM)患者脑脊液外泌体的分离及外泌体中let-7d的表达水平及其意义。方法收集我院15例结核性脑膜炎患者(结脑组,TBM组),20例病毒性脑膜炎患者(病脑组,VM组),10例化脓性脑膜炎患者(化脑组,PM组)及20例正常脑脊液患者(对照组)的脑脊液,采取ExoQuick Precipitation提取法分离并纯化外泌体,通过透射电镜观察其形态,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测其let-7d表达水平。结果 (1)脑脊液中的外泌体,电镜下呈圆形或茶托状外形,直径40~100nm,实时定量PCR法检测发现其内含有不同程度表达水平的let-7d;(2)结核性脑膜炎患者脑脊液外泌体中let-7d的表达水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(3)let-7d表达水平结脑组、化脑组与对照组相比均明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);病脑组与对照组相比也下调,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(4)let-7d表达水平在化脑组与结脑组相比明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(5)let-7d表达水平在结脑组与病脑组相比明显下调,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中枢神经系统感染性疾病的脑脊液中可分离出外泌体,通过比较3种脑炎外泌体中let-7d的表达水平,发现在TBM患者中let-7d的表达水平显著下调,为其诊断提供潜在的生物学标志物。     

TNF-alpha and IL-6 in the diagnosis of bacterial and aseptic meningitis in children

The objective of this study was to analyze the usefulness of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 cerebrospinal fluid concentrations for the differential diagnosis between bacterial and aseptic meningitis in children and in the prognostic evaluation. A cross-sectional study was performed on 35 children between 1 month and 12 years of age with suspected meningitis. Cytokines determination was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Six children presented bacterial meningitis, 13 aseptic, and 16 had no meningitis. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations were significantly higher in the bacterial meningitis group as compared with the aseptic group (P = 0.001) and among groups with and without meningitis (P = 0.000). There was correlation between tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cerebrospinal fluid leukocytes (P = 0.019), protein (P = 0.000), and glucose (P = 0.038). There was no association between cytokines and complications of the meningitis. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid were useful markers for distinguishing bacterial from aseptic meningitis and were demonstrated to be useful in evaluating the intensity of the inflammatory process in the central nervous system.