Lymphoma in the wall of the bile ducts: Radiologic imaging

Extranodal lymphoma is not uncommon; however, lymphomatous involvement of the wall of the bile duct is rare, with only a few case reports available. Three cases were imaged with computed tomography (CT) and direct cholangiography at our institution. In one, Hodgkin disease recurred in the duct wall, producing a radiographic pattern indistinguishable from sclerosing cholangitis. In another, central sclerosis on cholangiography was associated with a separate liver mass identified by CT. This presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma mimicked cholangiocarcinoma. The third patient had multifocal, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma arising in the gallbladder and cystic duct, as well as in the kidneys and pancreas. Although the condition is unusual, the diagnosis of lymphoma in the bile duct wall should be considered, particularly when the cholangiographic picture of diffuse central sclerosis is associated with little or no observable mass on CT.     

超声联合增强CT诊断卵巢甲状腺肿

目的 探讨超声联合增强CT诊断卵巢甲状腺肿（SO）的价值。方法 回顾性分析17例经手术病理证实的SO患者的声像图及增强CT特点,并与病理结果对照。结果 17例包括良性14例及恶性3例SO,其中10例囊实混合性,6例多囊性,1例单纯实性。超声于6例肿瘤实性部分发现 "甲状腺肿突起",CT值35~82 HU[平均(61.5±12.1)HU];囊性部分呈无回声或低回声,对应CT值13~89 HU[平均(43.4±22.7)HU];其中7例含"高密度囊"（CT值>50 HU）。CT增强显示14例实性成分及囊壁强化,其中9例明显强化或呈特征性"甲状腺样强化",对应的CDFI未见明显血流。结论 SO多为囊性或囊实性肿块;实性成分显著强化结合CDFI少量血流信号不一致、囊液CT值增高结合声像图无回声或低回声不一致可能是SO的特异性影像学表现。     

Hepatosplenic brucelloma: clinical presentation and imaging features in six cases

Background We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation and the computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasound (US) findings in six episodes of hepatosplenic brucelloma in five patients.Methods In four episodes, the diagnosis was based on clinical history, serology, and characteristic imaging findings. In the other two episodes in the same patient, the diagnosis was suspected after a biopsy was taken. CT was performed in all six cases and US in five.Results On US, brucellomas were iso- or hypoechogenic with the liver. Hyperechogenic masses were seen in one patient. Brucellomas were very poorly defined and contained small scattered cystic areas. All lesions showed central or marginal gross focal calcification, except multiple lesions in one patient. Contrast-enhanced CT showed predominantly solid masses with irregular borders and fine or thick enhancing trabeculations separating hypodense solid areas and/or small cystic areas. Two patients showed transdiaphragmatic lung invasion by brucelloma, a complication not previously published.Conclusion In regions where brucellosis is endemic, brucelloma should be included in the differential diagnosis if a hepatic or splenic mass with irregular borders and central or marginal gross focal calcification is detected, and contrast-enhanced CT shows enhancing trabeculations that separate hypodense solid areas and/or small liquid collections.     

Chylous cyst of the mesentery: US and CT diagnosis

We report a case of mesenteric chylous cyst diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). Both demonstrated a unilocular cystic mass with a fluid-fluid level. The CT number of the two components indicated fat density and water density and with shaking or positional changes, the contents displayed miscibility. The tumor changed its position during hospitalization. Both features are considered to be quite diagnostic of this condition.     

Aneurysmal dilatation of the portal vein: A case diagnosed by real-time ultrasonography

A case of aneurysmal dilatation of the portal vein is reported. A real-time ultrasound study showed a cystic mass behind the pancreatic head, freely communicating with the lumen of the portal, superior mesenteric, and splenic veins, which was diagnostic of portal vein aneurysm. The diagnosis was confirmed by dynamic computed tomography and celiac and superior mesenteric angiograms.     

囊性肾癌的影像学诊断

目的 提高囊性肾癌的影像学诊断水平。方法 对15例囊性肾癌病人的B超、CT检查和治疗结果进行回顾性分析。结果 15例患者经健康体查B超发现肾囊性病变12例，因其他疾病而发现3例。初次B超拟诊囊性肾癌8例、单纯性肾囊肿7例。螺旋CT扫描全部病灶为囊性病变，增强扫描后囊壁内侧面不规则密度增高或结节样密度改变。全部病人经手术治疗，病理检查为肾细胞癌。结论 对于肾脏的囊性病变，如果B超或CT检查不能确立为单纯性囊肿，临床上应考虑为囊性肾癌并积极处理。     

卵巢良性肿瘤CT表现(附50例报告)

目的 分析卵巢良性肿瘤的CT特征。方法 回顾性分析我院经手术病理证实的50例共52个卵巢良性肿瘤的CT表现。结果 50例卵巢良性肿瘤中,囊性畸胎瘤21例(共23个病灶),均表现为内见脂肪密度的囊性肿块;囊腺瘤25例,浆液性囊腺瘤(15/25)均为单房,囊液密度均匀,黏液性囊腺瘤(10/25)多为多房,囊液密度欠均匀;卵泡膜细胞瘤2例,均表现为边界清楚的实质性肿块;纤维瘤2例,其中1例表现为边界清楚的实质性肿块,另1例表现为实质性肿块伴囊变。结论 卵巢良性肿瘤CT表现有一定的特点,仔细分析其CT表现,有助于临床提高对卵巢良性肿瘤的CT诊断能力。     

胸主动脉瘤误诊肺癌一例并文献复习

目的 探讨胸主动脉瘤误诊肺癌的原因,以降低误诊率.方法 回顾性分析胸主动脉瘤误诊肺癌1例的病例资料,并复习相关文献.结果 本例因左侧胸痛、痰中带血、气促就诊,行胸部CT检查后诊断为左侧中央型肺癌.行相关手术治疗,结合术后胸部CT检查和肿瘤标志物检测结果,初步排除恶性肿瘤可能,术后患者恢复良好.术后1年复查胸部CT明确诊断为胸主动脉瘤.结论 临床医生应加强对胸主动脉瘤的认识,详细询问病史、仔细查体,并及时行相关影像学检查,以减少误诊;对于与胸主动脉关系密切的肺部肿块应注意胸主动脉瘤可能.     

卵巢囊肿性病变的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的进一步提高卵巢囊肿性病变的ＣＴ诊断准确性。方法对经临床证实的６０例各种卵巢囊肿性病变进行回顾性分析。结果卵巢囊肿（１４例）的特征为薄壁的囊性肿块,且囊壁较规则。良性囊腺瘤（２７例）ＣＴ的特征表现为薄壁、没有明显的软组织成分,或有乳头状凸出。畸胎瘤（３例）ＣＴ表现囊内有脂肪,壁结节处有钙化或碎片。恶性肿瘤（１６例）的特征是肿瘤壁和分隔厚且不规则,肿瘤内软组织万分较多。结论ＣＴ对于卵巢囊肿性病变是     

多房性囊性肾细胞癌临床病理分析

目的 探讨多房性囊性肾细胞癌（MCRCC）临床病理特点及鉴别诊断要点,并对国内外相关文献进行复习,以提高对MCRCC的认识和病理诊断水平.方法 分析1例MCRCC患者的临床表现、组织形态学特征及免疫组化表型,并检索国内外相关文献报道共522例,总结MCRCC的特点.结果 患者男,50岁,因体检时发现左肾占位入院,MRI、彩超及CT检查考虑为错构瘤.病理检查：大体示肿瘤位于左肾上极,有完整包膜,大小4.5 cm×4.2 cm ×4.0 cm,剖面见肿瘤由大小不等的多个囊腔构成,囊腔间隔厚薄不均,囊壁尚光滑.镜检示囊腔内衬单层透明细胞,囊腔间隔胶原纤维增生,可见灶性钙化,间隔内可见巢片状分布的透明细胞,但未形成肉眼可见的结节.细胞异型性小,细胞核Fuhrman分级：Ⅰ级.免疫组化标记显示囊腔上皮及间隔内肿瘤细胞CK和EMA阳性,CD10、RCC、Ki67和CD68阴性.行后腹腔镜下左肾根治性切除术,随访8个月,一般情况好,未见复发和转移.结论 MCRCC作为肾细胞癌的一种少见的独立亚型,完全由囊腔构成,影像学和穿刺细胞学检查等难以与囊性相关性肾病区别,因此准确的病理诊断非常必要,免疫组化标记对其诊断及鉴别诊断具有肯定价值.该肿瘤具有低度恶性潜能,预后良好,保留肾单位手术值得考虑.     

Tortuosity of the right common carotid artery simulating aneurysm

Among the problems that confront the vascular surgeon, a pulsatile, right-sided neck mass requires a careful and logical evaluation. It has long been known that tortuosity of the right common carotid artery, frequently associated with advanced hypertension, can physically mimic a right carotid aneurysm. The question, then, is whether carotid angiography, with a higher attendant risk of morbidity and mortality, is preferable to less invasive diagnostic modalities such as computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography for initial evaluation. In our study, 31 consecutive patients with a pulsatile right neck mass, indistinguishable on physical examination from a carotid aneurysm, were evaluated using CT scan of the neck and either radionuclide scan or angiography. In all of the patients, the masses were confirmed to be tortuous right common carotid arteries and not aneurysms. Because a kinked carotid artery simulating an aneurysm occurs so frequently, noninvasive diagnostic techniques, such as CT and ultrasonography, should precede angiography. We also discuss demographic characteristics commonly associated with tortuosity of the right common carotid artery.     

几种似胰腺囊腺瘤病变的CT误诊分析

目的 分析8例CT误诊为胰腺囊腺瘤的原因,方法 8例作了CT平扫和增强扫描。结果 经病理证实为胰腺结核,肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤,非功能 性胰岛细胞瘤,胰腺囊实性肿瘤各1例,胰腺癌和胰腺假囊肿各2例,其中3例呈单发囊性病变,5例为囊实性病变,肿瘤实性部分及囊壁和分隔强化,仅1例囊壁和分隔钙化,结论 多数病例可根据CT表现再结合临床及其它影像检查,有助于与胰腺囊腺瘤的鉴别诊断。     

中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤的CT、MRI诊断(附6例报告)

目的分析中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤的影像学特点,探讨CT及MRI对该病的诊断价值。材料与方法对6例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统神经母细胞的影像资料进行回顾性分析。结果男5例,女1例,年龄3~24岁,平均13.8岁。幕上3例,分别位于颞极区1例,颞枕叶及顶叶各1例;幕下四脑室内和桥脑各1例,另1例跨小脑天幕。肿块呈囊实性2例,实性为主4例。MRI表现肿瘤实性部分呈等或稍长T1、T2信号,FLAIR序列呈等、稍高信号;囊性部分呈长T1、长T2信号,FLAIR序列呈低信号;增强扫描后,2例强化不明显,4例肿瘤实性部分呈明显强化,肿块边界较清楚,瘤周水肿较轻。CT表现肿瘤实性部分呈等、稍高密度,其内可见钙化,囊性部分呈低密度。结论中枢神经系统神经母细胞瘤影像表现有一定的特点,根据肿瘤部位、边界、信号(或密度)、水肿、增强等特点有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

胆囊癌肝侵犯的CT诊断及临床价值

目的：探讨胆囊癌肝侵犯的CT诊断及临床价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的17例胆囊癌肝侵犯CT资料。结果：肿块型11例,腔内型2例,厚壁型4例。侵犯肝左内叶5例,肝右叶前段3例,同时侵犯肝左内叶及右叶前段9例。5例侵犯深度〈2cm,12例侵犯深度〉2cm。CT表现为胆囊窝脂肪间隙消失,邻近胆囊窝的肝脏组织内出现不规则形低密度影,边界模糊,胆囊癌肿与肝脏组织分界不清,增强后肝内病灶不规则强化。结论：CT对胆囊癌肝侵犯的诊断及I临床分期、治疗方案的选择具有重要价值。     

儿童不典型甲状舌管囊肿的CT和MRI诊断

[目的]探讨不典型甲状舌管囊肿的CT和MRI表现,以提高对本病的认识.[方法]回顾性分析11例经手术和病理证实的不典型甲状舌管囊肿的临床表现和CT、MRI征象,并与手术和病理对照研究.7例行MRI检查,4例行CT扫描.[结果]11例均表现为颈前区偏于一侧的巨大类圆形囊性肿块,囊壁增厚、毛糙,其中5例囊内可见气液平面,1例囊内可见分隔影,1例表现为多发性囊肿.4例CT平扫呈稍低密度,MRI平扫6例T1WI呈稍低信号,1例呈等信号,7例T2WI及抑脂像均呈高信号.增强扫描增厚囊壁可见强化,囊内无强化.[结论]发现偏于颈前区一侧巨大囊性肿块伴囊内气液平面、囊内分隔影、多发性囊肿等CT和MRI表现时,应考虑甲状舌管囊肿的诊断.     

炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤的影像学特征

目的 探讨炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤(IMT)的影像学特征.方法 回顾性分析7例经手术病理证实的IMT(软组织6例,右肾1例)患者的影像学资料,其中2例接受CT检查,5例接受MR检查.结果 纵隔IMT呈条状分布,边界不清,平扫CT呈低密度,增强扫描轻度强化;腹膜后IMT平扫CT呈等密度,中心有囊变坏死区,增强扫描肿瘤实性部分明显强化.4例软组织IMT在T1WI上2例呈等信号,1例呈稍低信号,1例呈稍高信号;T2WI上2例呈稍高信号,1例呈低信号,1例呈不均匀等信号;增强扫描均较明显强化;其中3例合并黏液变或囊变坏死区,1例合并低信号分隔样结构.右肾IMT呈囊实性,囊性部分呈T1WI稍高信号、T2WI高信号,实性部分呈T1WI等信号、T2WI稍低信号,增强扫描实性部分及囊壁明显强化.结论 IMT是一种少见的肿瘤,其临床和影像学表现缺乏特异性,术前定性诊断较难,在临床工作中若涉及到各部位肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断,应考虑到本病的可能.     

Giant aneurysm of the common hepatic artery: US and CT imaging findings

Giant hepatic artery aneurysm is a very rare vascular lesion, but can be detected incidentally during abdominal imaging. We report the sonographic and computed tomography (CT) features of a giant hepatic artery aneurysm in a 52-year-old woman presenting with vague abdominal discomfort. This report illustrates that a giant hepatic artery aneurysm can manifest as an incidental large mass in the porta hepatis, and we discuss the role of sonography and CT in the diagnosis of the lesion and review the natural history and clinical presentation of hepatic artery aneurysm.     

Localized cystic disease of the kidney: CT findings

Background: We assessed the clinical and computed tomographic (CT) features of localized cystic disease of the kidney and how these features differentiate this disease from other renal cystic diseases. Methods: Medical records and CT scans of seven patients with localized cystic disease were reviewed retrospectively. Pathologic confirmation in five patients was done by surgery. The subjects consisted of four males and three females, with an age range of 29–74 years. Results: Localized cystic disease in five patients was an incidental finding. Clinical presentations in the other two patients included dark urine color, palpable flank mass, and generalized weakness. There was no patient with impairment of renal function associated with renal cystic disease. Six patients had cystic renal lesions in the left kidneys, and one patient had lesions in the right kidney. Six patients had cysts in a localized area in the affected kidney, and the remaining patient had diffuse involvement of the entire kidney. The upper pole was most frequently involved. CT appearance was characterized by multiple, variable size cysts conglomerated to islets of cysts that were separated by the normal renal parenchymal band. Conclusion: Localized cystic disease of the kidney has characteristic CT findings that distinguish it from other renal cystic diseases, making follow-up without surgical intervention possible.     

卵巢甲状腺肿的CT诊断及病理对照（附3例报道及文献复习）

目的 探讨卵巢甲状腺肿（SO）的CT诊断价值和临床、病理特点.方法 回顾性分析3例经手术病理证实的卵巢甲状腺肿的临床及CT资料,所有病例均行多排螺旋CT平扫和增强扫描.并结合文献复习卵巢甲状腺肿CT诊断及临床、病理特点.结果 本组3例肿瘤体积较大,长径达8～14 cm.CT平扫表现均表现为囊性或囊实性肿块,边界均清楚,囊壁光滑.囊性部分为单囊或多囊状稍高密度区,实性部分为软组织密度,内见斑点状、斑片状钙化.增强扫描囊性部分无强化,实性部分明显强化.1例伴有甲状腺右叶及右侧腋尖的结节性甲状腺肿.结合文献,以下表现具有一定诊断价值：①单侧边界清楚囊实性肿瘤;②肿块囊性部分多为多囊,囊内密度一般较高,实性部分出现与甲状腺密度类似的软组织影.③实性部分和囊壁常见钙化;④囊壁光滑,一般不会出现壁结节;⑤增强扫描实质部分强化明显;⑥可出现肿瘤标志物异常、甲亢或甲状腺肿症状.结论 CT表现具有一定特征性,对具有典型征象的病例,结合病史和临床检查,基本可以实现诊断;对于不典型的病例最终诊断仍需依靠病理学检查.