Successful treatment of seminal vesicle calculi and prostatic utricle calculi by transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

To investigate the outcomes of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) for the treatment of seminal vesicle calculi (SVC), prostatic utricle calculi (PUC) and combination of them, a retrospective review on 27 patients with SVC and/or PUC who complained of intractable haematospermia was conducted. Patient demographics, disease duration, operation time, stone location and complications were recorded. The calculi in the seminal vesicle and/or prostatic utricle were removed by holmium laser lithotripsy and/or basket extraction. The stone composition was determined in 19 of 27 patients using Infrared spectroscopy. The average age and disease duration of patients were 39.4 years and 23.1 months respectively. The mean operative time was 78.5 min. We detected SVC, SVC and PUC, and PUC in 59.3% (16/27), 33.3% (9/27) and 7.4% (2/27) patients respectively. The stones were mainly composed of calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD), carbonate apatite (CA), COD and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), CA and magnesium ammonium phosphate, CA and COM, and COD and uric acid in 42.1% (8/19), 21.1% (4/19), 15.8% (3/19), 15.8% (3/19), 5.3% (1/19) and 5.3% (1/19) cases respectively. No intraoperative and post-operative complications were noted. These results suggested that SVC and PUC can be diagnosed and treated using TSVs.     

Magnetic resonance imaging compared to ultrasound as the preferred method for diagnosing intractable haematospermia

We aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical diagnostic values of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in patients with intractable haematospermia. We performed a retrospective review of 23 patients with intractable haematospermia who were diagnosed with seminal vesicle haematocele and/or calculi by transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV). Patients’ demographics, disease durations, operative times, and MRI and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) results were recorded. McNemar's test was used to compare the positive diagnostic rates of MRI and TRUS. All patients had undergone preoperative seminal vesicle MRI and TRUS to identify the aetiology of the haematospermia. The average age and disease duration were 39.3 years and 24.1 months, respectively. The mean operative time was 81.1 min. The positive result rates for MRI and TRUS were 95.7% (22/23) and 39.1% (9/23), respectively. Compared with TRUS, MRI had a significantly higher preoperative positive diagnostic rate (p < 0.01). These results suggest that MRI should be considered as a method for diagnosing intractable haematospermia in patients when TRUS findings are negative or inconclusive.     

Application of ultrasound-guided seminal vesicle radiography combining CT three-dimensional reconstruction technique in transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy

For the treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction, transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy (TSV) is the most common method, but the success rate is much lower than studies that have reported. So we developed a new ultrasound-guided seminal vesicle radiography (UGSVR) combining CT three-dimensional reconstruction (CT-TR) technique to improve the success rate of TSV. Between June 2018 and November 2019, 32 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: experimental group (UGSvR combining CT-TR) and control group (standard evaluation). Baseline information, including age, smoking history and body mass index (BMI), was compared preoperatively. Surgical parameters included success rates (SR), surgical time (ST), catheter days (CD), length of hospital stays (HS) and complications were compared between groups. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline data between the two groups (all p > .05). There were no significant differences in the CD, HS and complications between the two groups (all p > .05), but the differences in ST and SR were statistically significant (p < .05). In conclusion, this new technique of UGSvR combining CT-TR was achieving a satisfactory increase in the success rate of TSV, while not increasing the incidence of complications, compared to normal evaluation before TSV operation.     

慢性精囊炎119例病因及精囊镜治疗效果

目的通过对慢性精囊炎患者的病因分析及精囊镜治疗效果的评估,为临床诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月本院应用精囊镜诊治的119例慢性精囊炎患者的临床及随访资料,比较手术前后精囊腺和前列腺彩超影像学特征的变化,评价治疗效果。结果119例患者术前精液、前列腺液及尿液细菌培养中,仅见1例表皮葡萄球菌、1例溶血球菌。术中精囊液检测示细菌、解脲支原体及人型支原体均阴性。84例患者完成随访,经直肠彩超显示:术后精囊纵径(LD)、横径(APD)、体积及前列腺左右径均较术前减小(P<0.05),而前列腺上下径、前后径及体积的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访3~36个月,平均(15.2±8.5)个月:血精的治疗有效率80.9%(38/47),复发率19.1%(9/47);疼痛评分(VAS)较术前明显降低(P<0.01),疼痛缓解率86.7%(39/45)、复发率15.6%(7/45),未见直肠损伤、尿道括约肌损伤、逆行射精等并发症。结论慢性精囊炎可能多为非感染性炎症,而射精管部分或完全性梗阻是炎症的直接原因。精囊镜技术对顽固性血精症和会阴部疼痛症状均显示出较好疗效,且具有创伤小、并发症少的优点。     

经尿道输尿管镜下逆行插管治疗慢性精囊腺炎

目的探讨慢性精囊腺炎的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析采用输尿管镜下经尿道逆行插管,C型臂X线下精囊造影,留置导管冲洗引流精囊腺等方法治疗的慢性精囊腺炎患者120例的临床资料。结果全部患者均有不同程度的症状改善,精液常规恢复正常80例,明显好转26例,14例精囊腺尾部囊肿精液常规部分好转,6例行腹腔镜下精囊腺部分或单侧切除治愈。随访3～36月,平均（12±6）月,复发24例。结论慢性精囊腺炎采用输尿管镜下逆行插管冲洗引流安全、有效。     

Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle

BACKGROUND: We report here an extremely rare case of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle. METHODS: A 65-year-old man presented with urinary hesitancy, frequency and constipation. Clinical examinations including two needle biopsies were performed, and the patient had undergone open surgery. RESULTS: The final pathological diagnosis was cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle. Seven months after the operation, a chest X-ray showed lung metastasis, and the patient died 11 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, only one case of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the seminal vesicle has been previously reported.     

Inguinal hernia of seminal vesicle cyst

Seminal vesicle cysts are uncommon abnormalities in the pelvis. The case of a seminal vesicle cyst that extended through the inguinal canal is reported. A 35-year-old man presented with left inguinal swelling. He was diagnosed with a left inguinal hernia. However, the interpretative diagnosis was a spermatic cord tumor. The operation was changed to tumor resection. The tumor existed along with the vas deferens from part of the parietal peritoneum outside the inguinal tunnel to the deep pelvic space. The cylinder-shaped tumor was 3 cm in diameter and 20 cm long. Pathological examination revealed a seminal vesicle cyst that extended through the inguinal canal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a seminal vesicle cyst inguinal hernia.     

腹腔镜精囊囊肿切除术

目的:探讨腹腔镜下精囊囊肿切除术的方法及临床疗效。方法:我院近期采用腹腔镜技术对2例伴有临床症状的精囊囊肿患者实施精囊囊肿切除术。术前经超声及CT等检查明确诊断,精囊囊肿大小为3.3cm×3.7cm×2.5cm,4.1cm×4.3cm×5.3cm。结果:2例手术均顺利完成,手术时间为140、100min,术中出血约50、20ml,术后6d出院。分别随访6、7个月,患者术前症状消失,无并发症发生,复查超声,均未见囊肿复发。结论:腹腔镜下精囊囊肿切除术具有视野清晰、操作精细、创伤小、恢复快等优点,是一种安全、有效的微创手术方式。     

Renal dysplasia associated with ureteral ectopia and ipsilateral seminal vesicle cyst

The simultaneous presence of renal aplasia/dysplasia, ureteral ectopia and seminal vesicle cyst represents an exceptionally rare malformation. The literature is reviewed here and a new case of such malformation, concerning a 45-year-old man affected by recurrent epididymitis, is reported.     

Hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle

We present a rare case of a hydatid cyst involving the seminal vesicle of a 48-year-old man. Urinary retention was the initial symptom. Both imaging and clinical evaluation revealed a substantial retrovesical cystic mass. The histopathological report was 'hydatid cyst of the seminal vesicle'.     

后尿道狭窄内镜下处理的临床体会

目的:探讨输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗后尿道狭窄的疗效和手术技巧。方法:回顾性分析11例患者的临床资料,均采用经尿道联合经膀胱造瘘口输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗复杂后尿道狭窄或闭锁。结果:11例患者均一次性手术成功。术中尿外渗1例,表现为阴囊水肿,术中予阴囊穿刺,保持引流管通畅,术后3d水肿消退。术后轻度尿失禁1例,经加强盆底肌锻炼1周后好转。术后随访3个月~6年,均排尿通畅。结论:输尿管镜下钬激光内切开治疗后尿道狭窄或闭锁创伤小,安全有效。术中采用经膀胱造瘘口行后尿道镜检可更加明确后尿道近端走行和狭窄情况,可减少假道并发症并提高疗效。对瘢痕较多者联合电切可提高术中效率和远期疗效。     

Diagnosis and treatment of seminal vesicle cysts

Aim: To deepen the understanding of patients with seminal vesicle cysts for correct diagnosis and treatment. Patients and Methods: Five patients with seminal vesicle cysts were treated over the period January 1996–May 2010. Their symptoms, diagnostic results, treatment and outcomes were analysed retrospectively. The mean age of these patients at diagnosis was 35 years (range: 20–45). Symptoms included haematospermia in three patients, urinary frequency in three patients, perineal malaise in four patients, infertility in three patients, pain after ejaculation in three patients, scrotal pain in three patients and dysuria in one patient. Cysts were palpable in four patients on digital rectal examination. All patients underwent intravenous urography and cystoscopy. Some patients received ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scanning, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or vasovesiculography. The size of the masses ranged from 3.8 cm × 3 cm × 2.6 cmto approximately 9.6 cm × 5.2 cm × 5 cm. Final open surgery consisted of vesiculectomy in two patients and laparoscopic excision of a partial seminal vesical cyst in three patients. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful, except for one patient who complained of ureter pain. All patients were free of symptoms after open surgery. Conclusions: Seminal vesicle cysts are rare, but should be considered in men with haematospermia and otherwise inexplicable bladder irritation symptoms, perineal discomfort or other genitourinary complaints of unknown aetiology. Diagnosis consists of digital rectal examination, transrectal and abdominal ultrasonography, CT scanning and MRI. Laparoscopic excision of seminal vesical cysts produced excellent results.     

Congenital agenesis of seminal vesicle

Congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle （CASV） is frequently associated with congenital absence of the vas deferens （CAVD） or ipsilateral congenital vasoureteral communication. We reported two cases of a rare condition that the vas deferens open ectopically into Mullerian duct cyst associated with agenesis of the ipsilateral seminal vesicle. The diagnosis was confirmed by vasography. Transurethral unroofing of the Mullerian duct cyst was performed in both patients with favourable results, however, assisted reproductive technology （ART） was still necessary for them to father children.     

Recurrent epididymo-orchitis caused by posterior urethral valve associated with imperforate anus

Epididymo-orchitis is an uncommon complication of imperforate anus. A 14-year-old boy who received surgical repair for imperforate anus was diagnosed with right epididymo-orchitis. Intravenous pyelography showed a right solitary kidney. Posterior urethral valve, reflux of contrast medium to the ejaculatory duct and incomplete duplicate urethra were suspected from voiding cystourethrography. Valve ablation was performed to prevent the recurrence of epididymo-orchitis. Improvement of urinary force was achieved and the patient has been free of recurrence during a 2-year follow up. For the patient with imperforate anus, we should evaluate not only anorectal function, but also the genitourinary tract in order to preserve renal function and fertility.     

Epithelial stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle

Primary tumors of the seminal vesicles are rare neoplasms; there have been only 69 accepted cases. The histologic features are usually adenocarcinoma; however, there are rarely reported epithelial stromal tumors of the seminal vesicles. We report a case of a 70-year-old man with an epithelial stromal tumor of the seminal vesicle who presented without symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction. The patient underwent radical cystoprostatectomy. No signs of tumor recurrence were noted within 14 months of surgery. To our knowledge, 13 cases of epithelial stromal tumors of the seminal vesicle have been previously reported.     

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the seminal vesicle detected as a prerectal mass on routine per-rectal examination is described in a 37-year-old man. Computed tomography scan confirmed it to be arising from the right seminal vesicle. Per-rectal trucut biopsy showed malignant cells. Radical cystoprostatectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with anterior resection of rectum and urinary diversion with ileal conduit was performed. Microscopic examination of the resected specimen showed moderately differentiated leiomyosarcoma from the seminal vesicle. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and sandwiched radiotherapy. He is well and free of tumor 20 months after surgery.     

Successful seminal vesiculoscopic lithotripsy of seminal vesicle stone: A case report and literature review

Seminal vesicle stones are rare; the first case was reported in 1928. We present a case of 51-year-old male with bloody semen and perineal discomfort for several years. He received seminal vesiculoscopic lithotripsy successfully; his recovery and improvement of symptoms were satisfactory. Diagnosis depends on an initial pelvis X-ray, sonography, and further computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging if necessary. Traditional surgery is open seminal vesiculectomy. Seminal vesiculoscopic lithotripsy can be viewed as a new intervention of choice.     

Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the seminal vesicle

We describe an extremely rare case of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma arising from the seminal vesicle. A 67-year-old man presented with a left humeral bone tumor resulting in a pathological fracture. Positron emission tomography scan disclosed a large pelvic tumor mimicking prostatic cancer invading into the seminal vesicle. Laboratory data showed an elevation of neuron-specific enolase, despite the normal prostate-specific antigen. Transrectal needle biopsy showed a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the right seminal vesicle and the metastasis of the pelvic lymph node. Immunohistochemical results were compatible with the features of neuroendocrine carcinoma; synaptophysin, chromogranin A and CD 56 were positive. The previously biopsied bone tumor was finally diagnosed as a metastasis. A systemic chemotherapy using etoposide and cisplatin failed. The patient died of cancer one-and-a-half years later.     

Pelvic mass: Schwannoma of the left seminal vesicle

Schwannomas rarely occur in seminal vesicles. Here, we report a schwannoma of the left seminal vesicle. A 55‐year‐old man presented no clinical symptoms, and a mass in the left region of the seminal vesicle was found incidentally in a medical examination. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of pelvic were obtained and revealed a 5.17 × 2.59 × 3.5 cm mass on the left seminal vesicle. Transrectal ultrasound‐guided seminal biopsy revealed a diagnosis of seminal vesical schwannoma. Laparoscopic resection of the tumour was performed. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemical analysis revealed schwannoma arising from seminal vesical.