肝内胆管结石围手术期的快速康复治疗

目的:探讨快速康复外科(FTS)在肝内胆管结石患者围手术期的应用效果.方法:分析2005年7月-2012年6月间132例行手术治疗肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料.按照患者围手术期处理方法的不同分为FTS组(56例)和对照组(76例),FTS组采用快速康复的新型围手术期处理方法,而对照组采用传统方法进行围手术期处理.结果:与对照组比较,FTS组患者术后住院天数[(8.8±4.6)d vs.(13.1±6.2)d]、住院费用减少[(3.0±0.6)万元vs.(4.0±0.5)万元],术后总体并发症及切口感染发生率下降[26.8％ vs.44.7％,19.7％ vs.36.8％],术后拔除腹腔引流管时间及术后首次排气时间提前[(5.4±3.8)d vs.(8.4±4.5)d,(1.9±0.7)d vs.(3.5±0.6)d](均P＜0.05),全组患者的Logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄、既往胆道手术史、术中切口保护措施及术后拔除腹腔引流管时间是术后切口感染发生率的影响因素(均P＜0.05).结论:在肝内胆管结石患者中应用FTS理念是安全有效的,可以降低术后并发症发生率,减少住院费用,缩短住院时间,促进患者康复.     

T型管引流术联合肝叶(段)切除对肝内胆管结石的临床疗效

探讨T型管引流术联合肝叶(段)切除治疗肝内胆管结石的临床效果。选取2012年6月—2015年6月黄梅县人民医院拟实施手术治疗的肝内胆管结石患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组、对照组各50例,研究组采用T型管引流术联合肝叶(段)切除治疗,对照组采用胆总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治疗;对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、结石清除率、首次肛门排气时间、住院时间,手术前后患者外周血中白细胞(WBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、术后远期复发率及手术并发症。两组手术时间、术中出血量、首次肛门排气时间、住院时间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);研究组的结石清除率98.00%,高于对照组的86.00%(P0.05);术前,两组外周血WBC、Hb,血清ALB、AST、ALT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后24 h,研究组的血清AST、ALT水平高于对照组(P0.05);术后1年,研究组的结石复发率2.04%,低于对照组的13.95%(P0.05)。T型管引流术联合肝叶(段)切除治疗肝内胆管结石较胆总管空肠Roux-e n-Y吻合术具有较高的结石清除率、术后结石复发率更低、但是术后对患者肝功能影响更大。     

胃癌腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术后不同消化道重建方式对患者术后消化吸收功能的影响

目的:探讨胃癌腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术后不同消化道重建方式对患者术后消化吸收功能的影响。方法:将2010年8月至2014年10月收治的100例胃癌患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组(行空肠食管Roux-en-Y吻合术)与观察组(行"P"形空肠袢空肠食管Roux-en-Y吻合术),每组50例。对比两组患者并发症、术后营养状况、手术时间、术中出血量。结果:观察组手术时间、术后胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间及术后排气时间、排便时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者术中出血量、术中并发症及术后腹泻、反流性食管炎发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后腹胀、倾倒综合征发生率差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组白蛋白、红细胞、总蛋白、血红蛋白水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术中行"P"形空肠袢空肠食管Roux-en-Y吻合术利于患者的术后康复。     

胆总管十二指肠大口径低位吻合术治疗老年胆总管结石

目的探讨胆总管十二指肠大口径低位吻合术治疗老年胆总管结石的临床效果。方法回顾性分析77例老年胆管结石并胆总管下段狭窄患者,采用胆总管十二指肠大口径低位吻合术（改良CD）治疗患者32例与同期行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术（CJ）45例患者比较围手术期指标和远期疗效指标。结果吻合时间改良CD组显著少于CJ组,P〈0.01;吻合口瘘、术中出血量、术后感染、围手术期死亡、住院时间,两组差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05;胆道返流改良CD组显著多余CJ组,P〈0.01;胆道感染、吻合口狭窄、盲端（袢）综合征、结石复发、再手术等术后并发症差异无统计学意义,P〉0.05。结论改良CD治疗老年胆管结石并胆总管下段狭窄近期疗效优于CJ,但远期疗效相当,CJ不能被取代。     

加速康复外科理念在肝胆管结石手术治疗中应用的前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念应用于肝胆管结石手术治疗的安全性与有效性。方法将2014年1月至2015年10月来我院肝胆科行开腹手术治疗的肝胆管结石患者80例随机分为两组:ERAS组40例,应用ERAS理念进行围手术期处理;对照组40例,按传统方法进行围手术期处理。比较两组患者术后疼痛评分、首次下床活动时间、恢复肛门排气时间、住院天数、住院费用及两组术后并发症发生情况等。结果共73例患者完成试验,其中ERAS组36例,对照组37例。ERAS组患者术后疼痛评分、首次下床活动时间、恢复肛门排气时间、住院天数、住院费用均明显优于对照组(P0.05);术后并发症两组无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 ERAS理念应用于肝胆管结石手术患者安全、有效,可加速患者的康复。     

袢式胆管-空肠端侧吻合术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的应用

目的评价袢式胆管-空肠端侧吻合术在恶性梗阻性黄疸治疗中的价值。方法将袢式胆管-空肠吻合术应用于18例恶性梗阻性黄疸患者,并与同期22例应用Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术的患者进行比较,判定两种术式对减黄效果等的影响。结果与Roux-en-Y胆肠吻合术相比,袢式胆管-空肠吻合术患者血清总胆红素、胆系感染发病率和术后住院时间均明显下降(P0.05)。两种术式术后患者生存率无差别(P0.05)。结论袢式胆管-空肠端侧吻合术简单、安全、减黄效果好,可选作恶性梗阻型黄疸患者姑息治疗的方法。     

腹腔镜并胆道镜左肝叶切除治疗肝胆管结石43例

研究腹腔镜并胆道镜左肝叶切除治疗肝胆管结石的临床疗效。选择2014年7月—2015年6月收治的肝胆管结石患者86例,按照随机数字表法平均分为实验组与对照组各43例,两组患者基线资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组行腹腔镜并胆道镜左肝叶切除术,对照组行开腹并胆道镜左肝叶切除术。观察两组术前1 d及术后7 d总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB)、草氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、凝血酶原时间(PT);手术时间、术中出血量、术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后首次排气时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症等指标。术前1 d,两组TBIL、ALB、AST、ALT、APTT比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7 d,两组TBIL、AST、ALT组内比较,均低于术前1 d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而ALB、PT组内比较,与术前1 d差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后7 d,两组TBIL、ALB、AST、ALT、PT比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。实验组术中出血量、术后VAS评分、术后首次排气时间、术后下床活动时间、术后住院时间均显著低于对照组,手术时间显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组术后并发症发病率(11.63%)显著低于对照组(37.21%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。腹腔镜并胆道镜左肝叶切除治疗肝胆管结石疗效显著,术后并发症发生率低,适于临床治疗肝胆管结石。     

快速康复外科理念在胆总管结石患者围术期中的应用分析

目的 探讨快速康复外科(FTS)理念在胆总管结石患者围术期中应用的安全性及有效性,为快速康复外科理念在围手术期应用提供理论依据.方法 选择2009年6月～2011年12月在本院普外科住院,接受开腹外科手术治疗的胆总管结石患者86例,随机分为FTS组45例及对照组41例.对照组采用传统的围术期诊疗方法,FTS组采用快速康复的新型围术期干预措施;采集不同组间患者术后住院时间、输液总量、首次进食及排便时间、T管夹闭时间、术后白细胞恢复正常时间、肝功能恢复正常时间、切口拆线时间、住院费用及术后并发症发生率,统计分析两组间术后相关指标差异,以评估FTS在胆总管结石患者围手术期诊疗中应用的有效性及安全性.结果 FTS组的患者术后肛门排气及排便时间提前,术后胆汁丢失量、补液总量明显减少,术后白细胞恢复正常的时间、术后住院时间显著缩短,住院费用及术后并发症发生率明显较少,有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在胆总管结石患者围术期治疗中应用FTS理念治疗安全、有效,对促进患者康复具有显著意义.     

复杂性肝胆管结石及狭窄38例外科手术分析

目的总结应用皮下空肠盲袢加空场、胆管Roux-Y吻合术治疗肝胆管结石及狭窄的体会,提高肝胆管结石的诊治水平。方法对采用本术式的38例肝胆管结石并狭窄的病例进行回顾性总结与分析。结果采用皮下空肠盲袢加空肠、胆管Roux-Y吻合术成功治疗了肝胆管结石及肝胆管狭窄,有效的预防了术后并发症,使患者避免了再次手术。结论皮下空肠盲袢加空肠、胆管Roux-Y吻合术这两种术式的结合运用,对复杂性肝胆管结石及狭窄具有良好的临床治疗效果,避免了诸多术后并发症,可有效降低经腹再手术率。     

胸腔镜肺切除围术期加速康复外科与传统护理效果的对比

目的探讨胸腔镜肺切除围术期加速康复外科(fast track surgery,FTS)护理的效果。方法 2011年6月~2013年6月将126例胸腔镜肺切除术按入院时间顺序编号采用随机数字表法随机分为FTS组(n=63)和传统对照组(n=63),FTS组给予FTS护理,传统对照组给予常规围术期护理。比较2组术后胸管留置时间、并发症发生率、住院时间、住院费用等。结果 FTS组胸管留置时间(2.8±1.5)d,明显短于传统对照组(4.8±1.8)d(t=6.775,P=0.000);住院时间(9.6±1.8)d,明显短于传统对照组(12.1±1.3)d(t=8.937,P=0.000);住院费用(3.8±0.7)万元,明显少于传统对照组(4.8±1.5)万元(t=4.795,P=0.000);2组术后并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论在FTS理念指导下,胸腔镜肺切除术可加快患者术后恢复速度,缩短住院时间,减少住院费用,同时提高护理质量。     

2015年乳腺癌辅助化疗进展

【摘要】〓乳腺癌是危害我国女性健康的头号杀手,尽管近年来辅助化疗的研究进展突飞猛进,但临床中仍有不少问题未能明确,如辅助化疗的合适人群、化疗的开始时间、蒽环及紫杉类的地位和用法、强化维持治疗的作用、疗效及预后的生物标志物等。本文结合乳腺癌辅助化疗在临床上的常见问题和2015年各大乳腺癌会议阐述乳腺癌辅助化疗的最新进展。     

Alterations in T-Cell Subset Frequency in Peripheral Blood in Obesity

Background: Obesity affects the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. This study characterizes differences in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype in obese humans. Methods: Frequencies of lymphocyte subsets among peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared between 10 obese (BMI ≥35) and 10 lean subjects, as determined by antibodies directed against cluster differentiation (CD) markers. Results: Obese patients demonstrated an increased frequency of CD3+CD4+ T-cells (mean difference 12%, P=0.004), a decreased frequency of CD3+CD8+ T-cells (mean difference 9.4%, P=0.016) and an increased frequency of CD3+CD8+CD95+ T-cells (mean difference 13.3%, P=0.032). No other differences among T-cell or monocyte subsets were noted. Conclusions: Obesity is associated with alterations in frequencies of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and aberrations in the expression of CD95 among CD8+ T-cells. These data suggest both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell compartments, as well as the regulation of CD95 expression on CD8+ T-cells, as targets for further study into obesity's effects on the immune system.     

西宁地区烧伤病人动脉血气分析观察

对高海拔地区的27例烧伤病人动脉血气变化进行了分析和观察。结果证明:无论是存活病人还是死亡病人伤后均存在有低氧血症问题。并且在死亡病人和烧伤合并吸入性损伤病人其低氧血症的发生早于单纯烧伤病人。提示:吸入性损伤病人应立即行气管切开术以保障氧气供给,单纯烧伤病人可常规吸氧以维持正常血 PaO_2,ARDS 均发生在合并吸入性损伤的病人,高频喷射通气技术对纠正低氧血症有一定效果。     

Controversies in Fistula in Ano

Managing a complex fistula in ano can be a daunting task for most surgeons; largely due to the two major dreaded complications—recurrence & fecal incontinence. It is important to understand the anatomy of the anal sphincters & the aetiopathological process of the disease to provide better patient care. There are quite a few controversies associated with fistula in ano & its management, which compound the difficulty in treating fistula in ano. This article attempts to clear some of those major controversies.     

β-半乳糖苷酶在体内外成骨细胞中的表达

目的 研究β—半乳糖苷酶(β—gal)在成骨细胞中的表达状况，为阐明MorquioB综合征的发病机制提供依据。方法 裸鼠各器官和骨组织标本行X-gal染色检测。抽取羊和人骨髓行骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)培养，分为4组：I：Adv-hBMP-2转染组；Ⅱ：Adv—β—gal转染组；Ⅲ：未转染组；Ⅳ：地塞米松诱导组。分别行X-gal染色和RT-PCR检测β—gal的表达。结果 裸鼠骺板两侧、骨膜内面及松质骨的成骨细胞和破骨细胞可见多量β—gal的表达。未转染BMSCs组有少量β—gal的表达，其他3组细胞的β—gal表达增高。结论成骨细胞和破骨细胞可表达多量β—gal，该两种细胞的β—gal缺乏可能是MorquioB综合征骨骼异常的直接原因。     

Smoking-Attributable mortality in Spain in 2016

IntroductionSmoking-attributable mortality (SAM) is a valuable indicator that can be used to characterize the course and health burden of the smoking epidemic. The aim of this paper was to estimate SAM in Spain in 2016 in the population aged 35 and over, using the best available evidence.MethodsA smoking prevalence-dependent analysis based on the estimation of population-attributable fractions was performed. Smoking prevalence (never, former, and current smokers) was calculated from a combination of the Spanish Health Survey (2016) and the European Health Survey (2014); the relative risk of death among current and former smokers was taken from the follow-up of various cohorts; and mortality rates were obtained from National Center for Statistics data. SAM estimates are presented globally, and by sex, age groups, and major disease categories: cancer, cardiometabolic diseases and respiratory diseases.ResultsIn 2016, 56,124 deaths were attributed to tobacco consumption, 84% in men (47,000), and 50% in the population aged over 74 (27,795). Overall, 50% of SAM was due to cancer (28,281), 65% of which was lung cancer. One in 4 attributable deaths (13,849) occurred before the age of 65.ConclusionsOne in 7 deaths in Spain in 2016 were attributable to smoking. This estimation of SAM clearly highlights the great impact of smoking on mortality in Spain, mainly due to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes

MicroRNAs(miRNAs or miRs) are small approximately 22 nucleotide RNA species that are believed to regulate diverse metabolic and physiological processes.In the recent past,several reports have surfaced that demonstrate the role of miRNAs in various biological processes and numerous disease states.For a disease as complex as diabetes,the emergence of miRNAs as key regulators leading to the disease phenotype has added a novel dimension to the area of diabetes research.On the other hand,the liver,a metabolic hub,contributes in a major way towards maintaining normal glucose levels in the body as it can both stimulate and inhibit hepatic glucose output.This equilibrium is frequently disturbed in diabetes and hence,the liver assumes special significance considering the correlation between altered hepatic physiology and diabetes.While the understanding of the mechanisms behind this altered hepatic behavior is not yet completely understood,recent reports on the status and role of miRNAs in the diabetic liver have further added to the complexities of the knowledge of hepatic pathophysiology in diabetes.Here,we bring together the various miRNAs that play a role in the altered hepatic behavior during diabetes.     

Fluid-phase transcytosis in the primate epididymis in vitro and in vivo

Ligated tubules from the corpus epididymidis of men and monkeys were incubated in medium containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as a marker for fluid-phase endocytosis. HRP was localized by light and electron microscopy after 0, 15, 30 and 60 min of incubation. Movement between the cells was prevented by tight junctions, but bypass of this barrier was apparently achieved by an intracellular vesicular mechanism leading to a time-dependent appearance of HRP in the lumen. Uptake of HRP into basal cells and capture by the lysosomal apparatus of principal cells were also observed. HRP-filled vesicles also appeared in the basal, mid and apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells in the caput 1 h after injection of the tracer into the epididymal circulation of the monkey, suggesting that this pathway also operates in vivo.