人双埃柯病毒在腹泻患儿中的流行及其分子特征研究

目的研究吉林地区腹泻患儿中人双埃柯病毒（HPeV）的流行特点和分子特征。方法采用Real-time PCR方法直接检测筛查〈5岁腹泻患儿粪便标本,应用巢氏RT—PCR扩增VP1区进行分型。结果306例标本中,检出HPeV阳性27例（8．82％）,成功分型11例,包括9例HPeV1,HPeV2和HPeV4各1例。HPeV检出集中在7月、9月和10月,7月检出率最高（28．57％）。HPeV感染似乎与大于2岁患儿关系密切。VP1区基因片段与参考株核苷酸同源性为79％～92％。结论多种HPeV在我国吉林地区检出,但HPeV3未能检出,该地区HPeV的流行特征与国内外的报道基本一致,开展长期的HPeV监测对于阐明HPeV与婴幼儿腹泻及其他疾病的病因相关性有重要意义。     

在兰州地区儿童粪便中检测Aichi virus

目的 从兰州腹泻和正常儿童粪便标本中检测 Aichi virus,同时探讨 Aichi virus 与婴幼儿腹泻之间的联系.方法 根据文献发表资料,采用RT-PCR方法扩增 Aichi virus 3CD 片段,阳性产物经测序确定,并与已发表的该病毒序列进行比对分析.结果 在46份腹泻住院患儿粪便标本和299份腹泻门诊就诊患儿标本中各检出1例 Aichi virus,总检出率为0.06%,正常对照儿童中未检测到 Aichi virus.2株病毒3CD区基因与已知参考株核苷酸序列同源性均为97%,系统进化分析显示这2株病毒属于B基因型.结论 我国存在B基因型的 Aichi virus,但要明确我国 Aichi virus 的病原学及流行病学特点需要更多研究.     

2011年乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿中7种病毒性病原分子流行病学调查

目的通过分子流行病学调查,了解乌鲁木齐地区2011年度5岁以下腹泻患儿中7种病毒性病原的感染情况。方法2011年1月至2011年12月,采集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院住院和门诊5岁及5岁以下腹泻患儿粪便标本315份, PCR 法检测腺病毒（ AdV ）, RT-PCR 法检测轮状病毒（RV）、爱知病毒（AIV）、人双埃可病毒（HPeV）、杯状病毒（HuCV）、肠道病毒（EV）、星状病毒（AstV）。结果315份粪便标本中7种病毒的检出率分别为RV 27．30％（86/315）,AIV 18．41％（58/315）,HPeV 12．38％（39/315）,HuCV 12．06％（38/315）,EV 5．08％（16/315）,AdV 3．81％（12/315）,2种及2种以上病毒混合感染达17．14％（54/315）,未检出AstV。上述病毒感染均以2岁以下婴幼儿为主。 RV感染主要集中在秋冬季,AIV感染主要集中在下半年,HPeV、HuCV及EV感染主要集中在夏季,AdV感染成全年散发,无明显季节性。结论 RV感染是导致乌鲁木齐地区婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原,其次是AIV、HPeV及HuCV,EV和AdV感染在婴幼儿腹泻中的致病原作用也不容忽视。     

2019年我国5岁以下腹泻住院患儿星状病毒感染的流行特征分析

目的:了解2019年我国5岁以下腹泻住院患儿星状病毒（Astrovirus,AstV）感染的流行特点,为AstV腹泻防控提供参考。方法:收集2019年各监测哨点医院的5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便样本及临床信息。采用RT-PCR检测AstV,描述AstV感染的流行特征。结果:采集5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便标本共4 918份,检...     

在我国从腹泻患儿粪便中分离到肠道腺病毒

在我国从腹泻患儿粪便中分离到肠道腺病毒赵锦铭，王树惠国外文献显示肠道腺病毒是小儿腹泻中仅次于轮状病毒的第二个主要病源，检出率波动于７％～１７％之间［１］。１９８１年Ｔａｋｉｆｆ等首次用Ｇｒａｈａｍ２９３细胞分离成功，推动了对肠道腺病毒的研究［２］。国...     

南京地区腹泻患儿腺病毒感染的分子流行病学研究

目的 了解南京地区腹泻患儿腺病毒的感染状况、临床特点及分子流行病学特征.方法 采集2009年6月至2011年6月南京医科大学附属南京儿童医院5岁以下腹泻患儿粪便标本和流行病学资料,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测腺病毒,对腺病毒阳性株进行序列测定和系统进化分析.结果 2009年6月至2011年6月共730份标本,检测出腺病毒21例,检出率为2.88％ (21/730),主要的血清型为HAdV-41型,占总检出率的42.86％(9/21),非肠道腺病毒占总检出率57.14％(12/21).结论 肠道腺病毒41型(HAdV-41)和非肠道腺病毒感染在南京地区婴幼儿腹泻中均占有重要地位,长期系统的监测具有重要意义.     

珠海市冬春季节儿童病毒性腹泻的流行病学特征

目的 探讨珠海市冬春季节儿童诺如病毒(NV)、扎如病毒(SV)和星状病毒(AstV)等3种重要病毒性腹泻的流行病学特征.方法 采集2009年11月21日至2010年4月3日在珠海市妇幼保健院就诊的腹泻儿童粪便样本,选取轮状病毒和腺病毒筛查阴性的样本,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测NV、SV和AstV的特异基因片段,并对诺如病毒检测阳性的样本进行分子分型.结果 3种病毒季节总检出率为21.49％,其中2009年12月的检出率最高,为29.05％,而2010年2月检出率最低,为12.20％,87.96％的阳性样本来自0～30月龄患儿.NV、SV及AstV的季节检出率分别为14.70％、2.75％和4.04％,3种病毒中以NV和SV各月份阳性检出率差别较大,而AstV较为一致,12 ～ 18月龄患儿NV检出率最高(34.09％),60 ～ 120月龄患儿SV检出率最高(12.5％),24 ～30月龄患儿AstV检出率最高(16.67％).诺如病毒经分子分型后均为GⅡ型.结论 NV是引起2009年冬春季节珠海市儿童病毒性腹泻的主要病原之一,SV与AstV也是重要的病原,应加强对婴幼儿NV、SV和AstV等3种重要病毒性腹泻的监测和防控工作.     

乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿中人博卡病毒感染分子流行病学调查

目的 了解新疆乌鲁木齐地区腹泻患儿中人博卡病毒1～4型(HBoV1 ～4)感染的分子流行情况.方法 收集新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2011年1月至12月住院及门诊腹泻患儿粪便标本315例,用巢氏PCR扩增入博卡病毒(HBoV) NS1片段(518 bp),检测HBoV1～4型.结果 315份标本中,HBoV总阳性检出率为8.57％ (27/315),其中HBoV1、2、3、4型分别为2例、22例、3例、0例.除XJ1378外,其他26例HBoV均与参考株的核苷酸同源性达到98％ ～ 100％,但其中3例HBoV3型与大猩猩GBoV1型(HM145750.1)核苷酸同源性为92％,且系统进化显示HBoV3型NS1片段更接近于HBoV1型.HBoV感染呈全年散发,并无明显季节性.在性别、年龄及民族间均无差异.结论 本地区腹泻患儿中HBoV1 ～3型均有流行,且以HBoV2型为主要流行株.     

我国急性呼吸道感染患儿中检测到KI和WU多瘤病毒

目的 了解多瘤病毒WU和KI在我国儿童急性呼吸道疾病中的感染情况.方法 采用PCR扩增的方法对2006年11月至2007年10月收集的急性呼吸道感染患儿的318份鼻咽抽吸物(NPA)标本进行了多瘤病毒WU和KI基因检测.结果 318份标本共检测出14份病毒核酸阳性标本,其中WUV 7份(2.2%),KIPyV 7份(2.2%).该14例基因检测阳性患儿临床均有上呼吸道感染或下呼吸道感染症状.结论 WUV和KIPyV可能也是儿童急性呼吸道感染中较为重要的一个病原,且与儿童上呼吸道感染和下呼吸道感染存在相关性.     

2006-2015年成都地区5岁以下病毒性腹泻住院患儿病原学特征分析CSCD

目的 对成都地区5岁以下急性腹泻病患儿进行病毒学监测,了解引起腹泻常见病毒的流行特征,为指导病毒性腹泻的防控提供科学依据.方法 采集成都市妇女儿童中心医院儿童消化科2006年3月至2015年6月5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便标本,并送四川省疾病预防控制中心进行病毒RNA提取与检测,并记录患儿临床资料.采用ELISA、RT-PCR方法对轮状病毒抗原进行检测与分型;采用RT-PCR方法对杯状病毒、星状病毒、腺病毒进行检测与分型.结果 共收集1-59月龄腹泻住院患儿粪便标本份共2 331份（男1 446份,女885份）,阳性检出率58.0％,以7-12月龄为好发年龄.轮状病毒阳性检出率28.3％,11 -12月份为流行季节.杯状病毒阳性检出率23.3％,9月份为流行季节,诺如病毒GII为主要感染株,未发现暴发流行.星状病毒阳性检出率1.5％,主要于1-3月份检出.腺病毒阳性检出率5.1％,主要于5-8月份检出,2011年有过小流行.2007年以后,轮状病毒的检出率较前明显下降,而同时杯状病毒检出率逐年升高,2010-2015年杯状病毒成为引起5岁以下患儿腹泻的主要病毒之一.绝大多数病毒性腹泻患儿为急性病程（91.2％）,以轻度脱水为主,其次为中度脱水,无重度脱水.可伴消化道外表现,轮状病毒的消化道外表现较杯状病毒多见,但在随访中均恢复正常.结论 病毒性腹泻是5岁以下儿童急性腹泻病常见原因,成都地区以轮状病毒、杯状病毒为主要病原体.     

Prevalence of human parechovirus in Chinese children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are widespread pathogens causing a wide spectrum of diseases. HPeVs belong to the family Picornaviridae, and 14 genotypes are known. We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of HPeV in acute gastroenteritis. HPeV was detected and quantified using real-time RT-PCR, and then genotyped by sequencing of the nested RT-PCR product of the VP3/VP1 partial gene. HPeV was found in both the case and control groups (29.4% and 15.3% respectively, p 0.006). Six HPeV genotypes (HPeV1, HPeV3, HPeV4, HPeV5, HPeV6, and HPeV8) were detected. Nine positive samples could not be sequenced with negative genotyped RT-PCR. HPeV1 and HPeV3 were the most prevalent genotypes, and co-infection was common in the case group. No statistically significant differences in either viral load or the rate of HPeV1 and HPeV3 infection were found between the two groups. Additionally, no significant differences were found in fever rates, vomiting rates or mean duration and frequency of diarrhoea and vomiting between the positive and negative case groups with HPeV1 or HPeV3. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that there was no association between the HPeV1 or HPeV3 infection and acute gastroenteritis. Multiple genotypes of HPeVs were highly prevalent in Chinese children. One potential new HPeV genotype was identified, but needs to be confirmed further by the picoma study group. However, the present study does not support a causative role of HPeV1 and HPeV3 in acute gastroenteritis.     

Human parechovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka

Of 362 fecal specimens collected from infants and children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Sri Lanka from September 2005 to August 2006, 30 (8.3%) were positive for human parechovirus (HPeV). Six different HPeV genotypes, including HPeV1, -3, -4, -5, -10, and -11, were identified, of these, HPeV11 was reported for the first time.     

Detection of human parechovirus in stool samples collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan during 2007-2008

Of 477 stool specimens, which had been screened for rotavirus, adenovirus, norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus, collected from infants and children with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric clinics encompassing five localities (Sapporo, Tokyo, Maizuru, Osaka, and Saga) in Japan from July 2007 to June 2008, 247 negative samples (51.7%) were subjected to screening for human parechovirus. Human parechovirus (HPeV) was detected by RT‐PCR using a primer pair to amplify 5′UTR region of its genome and was genotyped by sequencing of the VP1 gene. HPeV was detected in 20 of 247 specimens tested, and the detection rate was found to be 8.1%. Seventeen of the 20 strains that tested positive for HPeV were sequenced successfully the VP1 gene. The majority of the HPeV strains (n = 15) could be identified as HPeV1, and the remaining 2 strains could be typed as HPeV3. By phylogenetic and identical matrix analyses of HPeV VP1 sequences, HPeV1 should be divided into two lineages, and all of the Japanese studied HPeV1 strains belong to the lineage 2 accordingly. This is the first report of the circulation of HPeV, especially HPeV1 in Japan. J. Med. Virol. 83:331–336, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Molecular detection of human parechovirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Guangzhou,China

Human parechoviruses (HPeVs) are widespread pathogens causing a wide spectrum of diseases. The prevalence and genetic diversity of HPeV in children with acute diarrhea in China is not well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HPeV in Guangzhou, China. A total of 328 stool specimens collected from children under the age of 5 years with acute diarrhea were tested for the presence of HPeV. Of these, 44 (13.4 %, 44/328) were HPeV positive, with the majority of the infected children (97.7 %, 43/44) being younger than two years of age. HPeV was more frequently detected during July and August. The epidemiological profile of co-infections was similar to that observed in a previous study. Six different HPeV genotypes, including HPeV1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -14, were identified, and of these, HPeV14, a rarely reported genotype, was reported for the first time in children with acute gastroenteritis in China. In summary, this study clearly demonstrated that HPeV circulating in Guangzhou, China, is genetically diverse, including six genotypes, and it provides useful epidemiological data on the features of HPeV infection in this area.     

Viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Greece

A 6-year study of stool samples from 4604 children hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis was conducted to investigate the role of enteric viruses as a cause of gastroenteritis in north-west Greece. Rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses and astroviruses were detected in 21.35%, 4%, 3.5% and 2.35%, respectively, by enzyme immunoassays and molecular techniques. Molecular techniques enhanced overall diagnostic efficacy by 2.5%, and by c.  10% each for rotavirus and adenovirus. Rotavirus was the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis, usually associated with severe illness. Mixed infections were found in 4.4% of positive specimens, and rotavirus plus astrovirus represented the most frequent co-infection (55.5%). This first study on the epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis in Greece shows that recent advances in the diagnosis of viral enteropathogens may have only marginal effects on overall diagnostic efficacy, and thus the impact of viral agents causing sporadic gastroenteritis in public health cannot be fully evaluated.     

Molecular characterization of a Canadian human parechovirus (HPeV)-3 isolate and its relationship to other HPeVs

A new member of the Parechovirus genus (HPeV-3) has been recently isolated from a stool specimen of a young Japanese child with transient paralysis (isolate A308/99). Three additional HPeV-3 Canadian cases associated with severe neonatal infections were subsequently described by our group. At this time, limited information is available on the molecular characterization of the HPeV-3 genome. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of a Canadian HPeV-3 isolate (Can82853-01) recovered in 2001 from the nasopharyngeal aspirate of a neonate with a sepsis-like syndrome. The Can82853-01 genome was 7,322 nucleotides (nt) in length and had 96.4%, 77.7%, and 77.5% nt identity with the A308/99 (HPeV-3), HPeV-1, and HPeV-2 reference strains, respectively. Furthermore, the Can82853-01 polyprotein had 98.2%, 86.9%, and 84.7% amino acids identity compared to the same viruses. Most differences between the polyproteins of HPeV-3 isolates and those of HPeV-1 and -2 were located in the VP0-VP3-VP1 capsid region whereas the non-structural proteins were relatively conserved. The primary and predicted secondary structures of 5'UTR and 3'UTR of the HPeV-3 isolates were also different than those of HPeV-1 and -2 reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the relatedness between Can82853-01 and A308/99 and their divergence from other picornaviruses.