手先天性并指畸形的治疗

目的 介绍手先天性并指畸形的治疗。方法 42例先天性并指畸形患者中，2指并指36例，多指并指6例；软组织并指30例，远节指骨骨性并指12例。均采用并指间背侧矩形皮瓣形成指蹼，指间掌背侧锯齿状皮瓣进行分指。皮瓣移位后指部外露创面用游离植皮覆盖，指端骨外露者用局部皮瓣覆盖。结果 3例的游离植皮部分坏死，创面经换药后愈合；39例的创面均I期愈合。术后1年12例失访，30例的指蹼坡度良好，指尖部软组织饱满，手术指的外展良好。12例术毕因指间关节侧弯，术后用支架纠正畸形，效果满意。结论 并指畸形的治疗关键是指蹼的形成，指间关节侧弯术后使用支架纠正为一良好的方法。     

OPEN TREATMENT OF SYNDACTYLY OF THE FOOT

The aim of reconstruction of the webs for syndactyly of the foot is cosmetic improvement, so skin grafting should be avoided. We present our long-term results of 19 feet with simple cutaneous syndactyly in 15 patients who were treated by an open technique. The bottom of the web was covered with a dorsal rectangular flap and the remaining skin defect was left open to epithelialise spontaneously. This took about 4 weeks. After a mean follow-up of 5.7 years (range 3-9), no hypertrophic scar or pigmentation of the skin had developed. Creeping of the web was seen only during the first postoperative year. The final depth of the web satisfied the families of all patients. As the aim of web reconstruction for syndactyly of the foot is purely cosmetic, we conclude that this simple method is reasonable treatment.     

指背五边形皮瓣重建先天性并指指蹼

目的 介绍一种并指分指后不需植皮指蹼一期重建的方法.方法 10例先天性并指患儿,在相邻两个并指的近节指背侧设计五边形皮瓣,皮瓣顶角在两指间正常指蹼掌侧缘平面,两个侧角在两指侧背缘正常指蹼背侧缘平面,两个底角在掌指关节背侧中心.并指分指后,用形成的五边形皮瓣一期重建指蹼,共重建17个指蹼.结果 所有指蹼一期获得重建,指蹼区不需植皮,指背创面直接缝合.术后所有皮瓣均存活.随访4～25个月,平均15个月,指蹼外观和功能良好.结论 采用指背五边形皮瓣能够达到一期重建指蹼不需植皮的目的 ,且损伤小,手术简单.对于多指并指患者,可同时重建两个指蹼.     

掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣在先天性并指治疗中的应用

目的 报告应用掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指畸形的疗效.方法 对5例先天性并指畸形患儿,分指后在患指掌背侧掌骨头间设计并切取掌背侧菱形推进皮瓣以重建指蹼.术后评价指标包括:手指功能情况,指蹼形态学观察和患儿家长的满意度.结果 皮瓣切取面积最大为2.0cm×0.9cm,最小1.5cm×0.6cm.术后所有皮瓣愈合良好,未出现淤血、边缘坏死等现象.术后随访时间为6～12个月,平均8.5个月,患指屈伸功能良好,重建指蹼深度、宽度合适,并形成较好的指蹼坡度,患儿家长对指蹼形态及术后手指功能均感满意.结论 在治疗先天性皮肤性并指分指术中,应用背侧菱形推进皮瓣重建指蹼,术式简单,外形美观,是一种理想的方法.     

指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的疗效分析

目的 探讨采用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的临床疗效.方法 2007年10月至2009年8月利用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指的患者10例,并进行了随访,采用客观的手指功能检查、指蹼形态观察以及患者主观满意度评价手术效果.结果 10例患者均获随访,随访时间4～25个月,平均15个月.各例指蹼外观均接近正常指蹼,并指分指后手指被动屈伸功能正常,外展度30°～45°.指蹼爬移率和再次矫形率均为0,患者家属对手术效果满意.结论 采用指背五边形皮瓣重建指蹼治疗先天性并指,术后皮瓣成活率高,指蹼外观功能接近正常指蹼,再次矫形率低,皮瓣设计及手术操作相对简单,便于掌握.     

Dorsal pentagonal island flap: a technique of web reconstruction for syndactyly that facilitates direct closure.

Though many techniques have been described for the correction of syndactyly, current methods result in skin deficiency that requires skin grafting, especially at the finger bases. We discuss the technical aspects and document our experience with the dorsal pentagonal metacarpal island flap for reconstruction of the web commissure in a series of 12 patients (22 webs) with syndactyly of varying complexity. In appropriately selected cases, this technique can improve reconstruction of the web commissure, facilitating direct closure, minimising the need for skin grafts and offers the potential for continued growth. This reduces operative time significantly and simplifies post-operative wound care. In this series, all our cases healed primarily in two to three weeks with minimal donor site morbidity. There were no post-operative complications, although the prominent dorsal scar remains a concern. At an average follow-up of 33.7 months, no cases of contracture or web creep after correction were noted.     

Reconstruction of Syndactyly and Polysyndactyly of the Toes With a Dorsal Pentagonal Island Flap: A Technique That Allows Primary Skin Closure Without the Use of Skin Grafting

Syndactyly and polysyndactyly are common congenital conditions involving the foot, and surgery to reconstruct the toes may be indicated for cosmetic, psychological, and practical reasons. A dorsal flap is traditionally used for web space reconstruction, with skin grafts for the bases of the toes. Skin grafting has associated morbidity and can result in pigmentation mismatch. Single-stage direct closure with a specially designed flap has advantages including a reduction of morbidity from avoidance of skin grafting and shorter surgery. Four patients (6 feet) were included in the study. There were 2 cases of syndactyly and 2 cases of polysyndactyly. Bilateral involvement occurred in 2 patients. The average age was 18 months at time of first surgery. Direct closure was achieved with a dorsal pentagonal island flap with dorsal and plantar triangular flaps. The average duration of follow-up was 19.8 months. At final follow-up, all patients had acceptable web depth and pulp contour. The distance between the proximal interphalangeal joints of adjacent toes and the web slope of the reconstructed web space were acceptable. Complications included partial synechiae, cellulitis, and keloid formation. The dorsal pentagonal island flap is an acceptable technique in providing another means for single-stage reconstruction of the web space in syndactyly and polysyndactyly. Good functional and cosmetic outcomes can be expected. However, the potential complication of keloid formation can affect cosmesis and overall outcome, and must be understood by patients and parents.     

V-Y and rectangular flap combination for syndactyly repair

Objective: For syndactyly repair, several delicate, well-planned flap combination techniques have been reported. This study presents technique details with functional and aesthetic results of a dorsal rectangular and volar V-Y advancement flap combination for web reconstruction and S incisions for finger separation in patients with syndactyly.

Method: Ten patients with 16 syndactyly webs were treated. Patients were examined in terms of function and aesthetic. Evaluation criteria included the Vancouver Scar Scale, range of motion, degree of web creeping, parent’s satisfaction rates, and finger abduction. During the initial period, vascular compromise of fingers, haematoma, infection, seroma, flap necrosis, or graft failures were not noted in any patients. No patients required revision surgery. During the later period, parent satisfaction scores were excellent or good, finger function was complete, and the Vancouver Scar Scale showed that two webs had hyperpigmented areas and two had supple pliability.

Conclusion: This simple syndactyly release technique can provide a low rate of web creep, good scar quality, and optimal functional results.     

Syndactyly correction of the hand in Apert syndrome.

Surgical correction of syndactyly of the Apert hand should begin by 6 months and be completed by 3 years of age. As much surgery as possible is carried out at each sitting. Digit separation should be in order of functional importance. The first web space is deepened with a four-flap Z-plasty or a dorsal skin flap from the web and index finger. Syndactyly release using a dorsal flap and zig-zag technique is used to create the second and fourth web spaces. The complex long-ring syndactyly often requires a pedicled groin flap for reconstruction and preservation of growth potential. A five-digit hand can be achieved with adequate grasp and stable, sensate, well-aligned digits. These children can attain some degree of independent finger motion and aesthetically acceptable hands with this approach.     

Open treatment of syndactyly of the foot.

The aim of reconstruction of the webs for syndactyly of the foot is cosmetic improvement, so skin grafting should be avoided. We present our long-term results of 19 feet with simple cutaneous syndactyly in 15 patients who were treated by an open technique. The bottom of the web was covered with a dorsal rectangular flap and the remaining skin defect was left open to epithelialise spontaneously. This took about 4 weeks. After a mean follow-up of 5.7 years (range 3-9), no hypertrophic scar or pigmentation of the skin had developed. Creeping of the web was seen only during the first postoperative year. The final depth of the web satisfied the families of all patients. As the aim of web reconstruction for syndactyly of the foot is purely cosmetic, we conclude that this simple method is reasonable treatment.     

Dorsal pentagonal local flap: a new technique of web reconstruction for syndactyly without skin graft

Background  

Many techniques for web space reconstruction have been described over the years. However, few techniques are completely satisfactory in terms of cosmetic requirement and functional recovery due to scar contracture, web creep, or conspicuous scarring resulting from skin grafting or additional incisions on the dorsal palm. Based on the anatomy of the dorsal metacarpal artery, the authors describe a local pentagonal advancement flap including perforators of the dorsal metacarpal artery to optimize web reconstruction and facilitate direct closure in the syndactyly treatment.     

分叶指背五边形皮瓣在并指分指术中的应用

目的 探讨分叶指背五边形皮瓣应用于并指分指术的近期疗效.方法 对2018年1月至2019年10月温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院手外整形科应用分叶指背五边形皮瓣手术治疗的单侧单纯皮肤并指患儿15例临床资料进行回顾性分析.记录术后皮瓣坏死和创口感染等早期并发症发生情况;采用指蹼爬移Withey评分和瘢痕温哥华评分对患...     

Tissue expansion for the treatment of complete syndactyly of the first web

Tissue expansion is a well-established technique for the management of soft tissue deficiencies. In congenital hand surgery the construction of an adequate first web is paramount. We used tissue expansion in four hands in three patients with complete complex syndactyly of the first web space. Two of these patients had Apert's syndrome and the other an isolated mitten hand anomaly. The expander is preferably placed early in life so that first web construction is completed in the first year. Tissue expander ports are left exposed. There have been no infections, flap or expander loss in our series.     

Correction of syndactyly using a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap in adults

Skin grafts and local flaps are conventional methods of repair for congenital syndactyly, but the results obtained are not always as functional and aesthetic as desired and frequently leave postoperative scars and residual syndactyly. In this article, we describe a new surgical technique for web reconstruction in the correction of simple, incomplete syndactyly. The technique consists of a dorsal separated V-Y advancement flap and a volar triangular flap to cover the newly created web space, thus avoiding skin graft in this space. In all, 15 web spaces in 10 patients were treated using this method. A follow-up period of 6 months to 2 years showed neither recurrence of the deformity nor web creep of any degree. The technique is rapid, safe, easily performed, and reproducible and requires a single surgical procedure. It uses donor tissue identical in color, texture, and thickness, which renders acceptable cosmesis in cases of simple, incomplete syndactyly, therefore, avoiding the use of skin grafts and resulting postoperative scar contracture in the web space.     

A new technique for the division of syndactyly

Summary This paper describes a new technique for the division of syndactyly. The commissure is reconstructed by a dorsal trilobed flap and a zig zag incision which produces triangular flaps for the side of the digits. This technique does not require use of a skin graft. Seventeen syndactylies in fourteen children, nine incomplete (six congenital and three secondary to burn) and eight complete syndactylies were treated by this technique. The results after a maximum of twelve months follow-up and the advantages of the technique are discussed.[/ab]     

Tissue expansion in reconstructive hand surgery: case report

A 22-year-old musician requested the correction of his digital syndactyly deformity without the use of skin grafts. Failure of the original correction to heal primarily resulted in the formation of dense scar tissue. A small, custom-designed tissue expander was inserted within the web space and was slowly expanded. The additional expanded tissue permitted reconstruction of the web space and the sides of the fingers without the use of skin grafts.     

Surgical treatment of congenital syndactyly of the hand

Syndactyly is a congenital anomaly of the hand that is more common in males, is present bilaterally in 50% of affected patients, and often is associated with other musculoskeletal malformations or systemic syndromes. The goal of syndactyly release is to create a functional hand with the fewest surgical procedures while minimizing complications. For simple syndactyly, surgical reconstruction can begin at approximately 6 months, although many surgeons prefer to wait until the infant is 18 months old. Special situations, such as complex syndactyly and involvement of border digits, may warrant surgical intervention earlier than 6 months. Reconstruction of the web commissure is the most technically challenging part of the operation, followed by separation of the remaining digits. Full-thickness skin grafting is almost always required for soft-tissue coverage. Complex syndactyly and syndactyly associated with other hand anomalies warrant special consideration. After reconstruction, patients should be examined periodically until they have achieved skeletal maturity because late complications such as web creep can occur.     

Management of anterolateral thigh free Flap donor site defects with a continuous external tissue expander

Anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flaps can result in donor site wounds that cannot be closed directly, requiring immediate or delayed split‐thickness skin grafting. The use of skin grafts for such wounds can impose postoperative activity restrictions and additional wound morbidity. The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of continuous external tissue expander (CETE) in achieving staged direct closure of these wounds. Outcomes of 20 ALT free flap cases with flap widths up to 15 cm treated with CETE were retrospectively reviewed. Closure of the thigh wounds was achieved in 19 cases with an average expansion time of 9.6 days. The use of a CETE device was effective in achieving staged direct (tertiary) closure and avoiding skin grafting, which further decreased donor site morbidity of large ALT free flap reconstructions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:290–294, 2015.     

96例先天性并趾畸形的临床特点

目的 探讨先天性并趾畸形的临床特点.方法 对2015年1月至2019年6月华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院手外科收治的先天性并趾畸形患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.记录患者性别以及并趾的侧别、临床类型、是否合并其他肢体畸形、累及的趾蹼和累及趾蹼数量等数据,采用SPSS 20.0软件对数据进行统计学分析,P<0.05为差...     

End-of-Skin Grafts in Syndactyly Release: Description of a New Flap for Web Space Resurfacing and Primary Closure of Finger Defects

Treatment of syndactyly necessitates creation of neo-web space and separation of fingers. Traditionally, this has been done by use of flaps taken from the dorsum; the resultant raw areas thus created have been managed by use of skin grafts. The classical teaching has been that the separated fingers will need skin graft as primary closure is not possible. The skin grafts have a tendency to contract and lead to finger flexion contractures and “creep” of the web space. We describe a flap based upon subcutaneous tissue in the web that is moved in a V–Y fashion to resurface the neo-web. The flap donor site can easily be closed primarily. The fingers are then separated; the subcutaneous fat is carefully removed from the finger flaps under magnification to allow primary closure of the finger defects. It has been possible to primarily close the donor site and fingers in all the patients. The procedure has been used in seven patients with 14 web releases. The age varied between 10 months to 3 years. The V–Y advancement flap based upon the subcutaneous pedicle in the region of the web allows adequate creation of a new web space. The careful de-fattening of skin flaps allows the separated fingers to be closed primarily.