腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床效果比较

目的比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）与小切口胆囊切除术（MC）治疗急性胆囊炎的临床效果。方法回顾性分析228例行胆囊切除术的急性胆囊炎患者的临床资料,包括LC 152例,MC 76例。对两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、住院总费用、并发症等指标进行对比分析。结果 LC组的手术时间平均（69.2±20.1）min,较MC组（82.4±12.7）min短;术中出血量平均（37.9±16.3）ml,较MC组（45.4±22.1）ml少;术后住院时间平均（4.8±1.7）d,较MC组（7.3±2.9）d短;住院总费用平均（4722.0±554.9）元,较MC组（4140.1±416.4）元高;差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。LC组术后并发感染率9.2%（14/152）,其中伤口感染6.6%（10/152）,肺部感染2.6%（4/152）;MC组术后并发感染率21.1%（16/76）,其中伤口感染14.5%（11/76）,肺部感染6.6%（5/76）;两组差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组均未发现胆管损伤、胆漏、胆囊残株炎等并发症。结论 LC、MC治疗急性胆囊炎均有效,与MC比较,LC手术时间短、术中出血量少、术后住院时间短、术后并发感染率低,但住院总费用较高,可作为治疗急性胆囊炎的手术方式的优先选择。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与小切口胆囊切除术的疗效比较研究

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术与小切口胆囊切除术的临床效果。方法选择2011年1月~2013年1月在我院住院进行手术治疗的胆囊炎、胆结石患者80例作为观察对象,其中行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)40例设立为腹腔镜组,同期行小切口胆囊切除术(small incision cholecystectomy,MC)的40例患者设立为对照组,比较两组患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后患者下床活动时间、住院时间及并发症情况。结果腹腔镜组手术时间短,术中出血量少、术后下床活动时间快、术后住院时间短(P<0.05)。两组无一例出现胆漏、肝外胆管损伤、隔下感染,腹腔镜并发症发生率为5%,明显少于对照组的22.5%(χ2=4.981,P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有操作简便、创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少等优点,其临床效果明显优于小切口胆囊切除术,值得基层医院广泛推广和应用。     

小切口胆囊切除术和腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床对比研究

目的 对小切口胆囊切除术（MC）和腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）治疗胆囊结石的临床效果进行对比研究.方法 回顾性分析本院2010年4月至2013年4月22例小切口胆囊切除术和22例腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者的临床资料,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后并发症、住院费用等.结果 两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义;两组均无严重胆管损伤等术后严重并发症.MC组的住院费用（4521.7±845.8）元低于LC组（6535.2±1434.3）元,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 小切口胆囊切除术安全可行,对于设备和技术不具备条件开展腹腔镜手术的医疗机构以及经济承受能力有限的患者适宜采用.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术35例与小切口胆囊切除术35例分析比较体会

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)与小切口胆囊切除术(MC)的适应证手术方法及并发症预防。方法:对1年来行腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者35例的临床资料进行回顾性分析与35例小切口胆囊切除术患者临床资料分析对比。结果:35例患者经LC成功切除胆囊,手术成功率100%,无中转开腹,2例术后放置引流管,手术时间25～150分钟,术后住院时间4～7天,无术后并发症发生。35例小切口胆囊切除术(MC)患者,手术成功率100%,均为60岁以上高龄患者,其中慢性结石性胆囊炎17例,萎缩性胆囊炎胆结石9例,急性化脓性胆囊炎9例(包括合并高血压24例,糖尿病史1例,冠心病17例)手术时间50～160分钟,术后放置引流管22例,术后切口感染1例,术后住院时间5～12天。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)手术创伤小,术后恢复快,是胆囊良性疾病切除术的"金标准"但是临床中仍具有一定的局限性[1],小切口胆囊切除术(MC)适合于高龄基础疾病较多,粘连较重的患者,是对LC有利的补充。     

腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术的疗效对比分析

目的探讨小切口胆囊切除术(MC)和腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊疾病的临床效果。方法将2009年5月-2012年9月我院收治的67例胆囊疾病患者随机分为LC组(n=35)和MC组(n=32),LC组行腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗,MC组行小切口胆囊切除术治疗,比较两组临床效果及并发症发生情况。结果与MC组相比,LC组手术时间及费用均明显增加(P<0.05),而术中出血量、肠功能恢复时间、下床活动时间及住院天数则明显降低(P<0.05);LC组1例中转开腹,MC组术后切口感染1例,均无其他明显并发症。结论 MC和LC均具有良好的安全性,而LC具有出血少、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,但费用相对较高。     

腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床效果对比观察

目的：探讨腹腔镜与小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的效果。方法方便选取于2014年12月―2015年12月该院急性胆囊炎患者共62例,随机分为观察组(n=31﹚和对照组(n=31﹚。给予观察组腹腔镜胆囊切除术,给予对照组小切口胆囊切除术。观察疗效。结果观察组手术时间为(67.32±17.28﹚min,术中出血量为(35.29±15.85﹚mL,术后住院时间为(4.2±1.3﹚d,对照组分别为(84.12±10.97﹚min,(47.89±20.30﹚mL,(7.8±2.6﹚d。对比两组的手术时间、术中出血量以及住院时间,观察组优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05﹚。观察组的并发症发生率为6.5%,对照组为32.3%,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05﹚。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎效果更佳。     

腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎临床分析

目的对比观察腹腔镜与开腹胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效。方法将91例急性胆囊炎患者随机分为2组,分别行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）和开腹胆囊切除术（OC）,观察两组术中及术后情况。结果两组病例的术中出血量、手术时间及置引流例数等比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;两组术后排气时间、开始下床活动时间、住院时间、用止痛药及切口感染例数等比较差异也有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,LC组均优于OC组。结论与OC相比,LC治疗急性胆囊炎具有创伤小、并发症少和恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的疗效及安全性对比

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术治疗急性胆囊炎的临床疗效差异。方法:选取50例急性胆囊炎患者,按照随机数字法均分为腹腔镜组和小切口开腹组,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间和并发症发生率的差异。结果:两组手术时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);腹腔镜组术中出血量和住院时间分别为(56.2±9.3)ml和(4.1±1.5)d,均显著少于小切口开腹组的(121.4±27.3)ml和(7.5±2.3)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组并发症发生率为4.0%,低于小切口开腹组的24.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术和小切口胆囊切除术均是治疗急性胆囊炎的有效方法,全腹腔镜术式手术时间短,患者康复快,术后并发症少。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与小切口胆囊切除术的治疗体会及比较

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)和小切口胆囊切除术(MC)对胆囊疾病疗效。方法:78例患者随机分为两组,LC组给予腹腔镜胆囊切除术,MC组给予小切口胆囊切除术,比较两组临床效果。结果:LC组患者手术时间、术中出血量、排气时间,镇痛药使用率、肠胃功能恢复时间、下床活动时间、住院时间、术后并发症发生率均明显优于MC组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),LC组的住院费用明显高于MC组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除术临床效果明显,安全,并发症发生率较低,操作简单。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与小切口胆囊切除术临床分析比较

目的探讨胆囊切除术适应症患者理想术式。方法回顾168例腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）和92例小切口胆囊切除术（MC）临床资料,从手术时间、术中出血、术后肠功能恢复、住院天数、并发症等方面对比分析两者优缺点。结果LC手术视野宽,创伤程度小,但并发症多;MC手术适应症宽,并发症少,但手术视野窄。结论两种术式各有优缺点,任何一种术式都不能适应所有胆囊切除适应症患者,选择何种术式要根据患者具体情况决定。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.