高龄老年人472眼屈光状态的临床分析

目的:探讨高龄老年人眼视力状况及屈光分布,做好高龄老年人的视力保健。方法:标准照明下查70岁以上高龄老年人472眼远视力,作仔细的眼部和屈光状态的检查并矫正其视力。结果:全组472眼中屈光不正468眼(99.2%),全组以近视居多,且随着年龄递增,近视所占比例逐渐增大。散光415眼(87.9%),70～80岁组以远视散光为主,80岁以上则以近视散光为主,全组散光以近视性逆规散光眼所占比例最大,共172眼(36.4%),远视散光眼散光度数集中在0.50～1.00D,近视散光和混合性散光眼度数集中在1.25～2.00D。全组裸眼视力随年龄增加而降低,各年龄组矫正视力均有明显提高。结论:高龄老年人由于眼睑和晶状体等的老年性改变,其屈光状态向近视性逆规散光发展,成为影响其视力的主要原因,尚未行白内障摘除之高龄老年人,定期检查其屈光状态并做必要的屈光矫正能明显提高高龄老年人的视力。     

儿童视力正常眼的屈光状态

目的了解儿童视力正常眼的屈光状态及其意义。方法儿童视光门诊中远近视力≥1.0的3～14岁儿童459名544只眼,均用1%阿托品眼膏散瞳,每晚涂眼一次,一周后由固定专职人员验光,记录结果。结果视力正常眼的屈光状态可见有远视、正视、近视和混合散光,其中远视420只眼,占77.2%;正视72只眼,占13.2%;近视30只眼,占5.5%;混合散光22只眼,占4.0%。表现有散光者309只眼,占56.8%。结论儿童视力正常眼不等于屈光正常,有必要进行静态屈光检查,了解基础屈光,发现潜在问题,预测视力与屈光的发展趋势,为早期干预提供依据。     

青少年儿童屈光不正4 771例分析

目的:探讨视力低常青少年儿童屈光状态的分布规律,力争在儿童青少年的视觉发育敏感期早发现,早治疗。方法:除外屈光不正以外的其他眼疾的情况下,在睫状肌麻痹下检影验光后进行统计分析。结果:在9530眼中,近视眼4439只,远视眼4417只,其中近远视眼中均以复性近远视散光眼最多,各占56.50%,83.61%。年龄与屈光不正度数之间进行统计学分析有显著差异﹙P<0.01),随年龄增长,近视屈光度增加,远视屈光度减少。在7015只散光眼中,学龄前组散光发生率最高占89.05%,且以低度散光为主。随年龄增长,呈逐渐下降趋势。结论:在防治近视眼的工作中,必需在睫状肌麻痹下准确检影验光方可了解真实的屈光状态,再采取不同的防治措施,了解儿童散光眼的散光状态对于合理矫治儿童散光十分重要。     

大龄近视患者行LASIK的体会

目的:探讨大龄近视伴调节力下降患者行准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术(LASIK)的手术设计对视力的影响。方法:屈光不正伴老视的患者32例63眼中27例53眼行单眼LASIK主视眼按最佳矫正远视力完全矫正,非主视眼近视欠矫-0.5～-2.00D,5例10眼双眼远视力全部矫正。观察术后3mo视力。结果:术后3mo,27例53眼远视力主视眼1.0～1.2,非主视眼0.3～0.6;近视力主视眼0.6,非主视眼1.0。5例10眼双眼远视力完全矫正。结论:LASIK矫正大龄调节力下降患者,在设计手术方案时需按患者要求、年龄等综合考虑。     

早产儿视网膜病变激光术后视力康复的观察分析

目的观察和分析早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)激光治疗术后的视力改变和视力发育情况。方法对ROP激光治疗术后3～5岁的儿童,共48例(96只眼)在门诊进行普通视力检查及阿托品散瞳验光,并对屈光结果进行统计分析。结果 ROP激光治疗后3～5岁儿童48例(96只眼)中,远视68只眼(70.8%),近视12只眼(12.5%),散光6只眼(6.3%),正视眼10只眼(10.4%),该组儿童中远视所占的比例最大,各年龄中远视所占比例有一定差异,但都随着年龄的增长远视比例有所下降,正视和近视比例逐渐增加,视力正常率明显提高,同时ROP激光治疗后的儿童弱视比例为10.4%,明显高于足月产儿童的平均发生率,且随着年龄的增加呈下降趋势。结论 ROP激光治疗术后的屈光状态和视力发育变化趋势与正常儿童大致相同,随着年龄的增长,屈光状态有由远视向正视和近视发展的趋势,ROP激光术后儿童弱视发病率高于足月产儿童的平均发生率,ROP激光术后的屈光情况应尽早进行视觉追踪和屈光筛查。     

屈光不正性弱视儿童708例屈光状态分析

目的：：分析儿童屈光不正性弱视的屈光状态,了解儿童屈光不正性弱视的流行病学资料。方法：回顾2012-01/2013-12在我院小儿眼科与斜弱视专科确诊为屈光不正性弱视,并进行集中综合训练的弱视儿童708例1416眼,对其屈光状态进行流行病学分析。结果：弱视儿童708例1416眼中,远视190眼(13.42％),远视散光612眼(43.22％),近视18眼(1.27％),近视散光134眼(9.46％),混合散光462眼(32.63％)。不同年龄组的弱视儿童的屈光状态分布不同,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。屈光不正引起的弱视大多为轻到中度弱视(1276眼,90.11％),重度弱视以远视性散光为主(82眼,5.79％),散光以顺规性为多(1046眼,86.59％)。结论：远视性屈光不正及混合散光为造成儿童屈光不正性弱视的主要类型,弱视程度与屈光状态、散光轴向有关。     

沈阳市铁西区一小学学生屈光状态调查

目的 了解普通学校小学生视力不良情况和屈光状态及其与近视发生发展的关系.方法 调查沈阳市铁西区一小学636名小学生的远视力,其中230名(459只眼)视力不良学生进行散瞳验光,判断屈光状态,将所得结果比较分析.结果 视力不良发生率为36.08%,各年级近视眼发病率差异有统计学意义,女生发生率高于男生,视力下降的程度也随学年的升高差异明显加重.屈光不正中低年级以远视为主,高年级以近视为主.远视性屈光不正的患病率随学年升高而下降,近视性屈光不正患病率则随学年升高逐渐增加.结论 引起小学生视力下降的主要原因是近视,做好近视防治工作,对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义.     

沈阳市铁西区一小学学生屈光状态调查

目的 了解普通学校小学生视力不良情况和屈光状态及其与近视发生发展的关系.方法 调查沈阳市铁西区一小学636名小学生的远视力,其中230名(459只眼)视力不良学生进行散瞳验光,判断屈光状态,将所得结果比较分析.结果 视力不良发生率为36.08%,各年级近视眼发病率差异有统计学意义,女生发生率高于男生,视力下降的程度也随学年的升高差异明显加重.屈光不正中低年级以远视为主,高年级以近视为主.远视性屈光不正的患病率随学年升高而下降,近视性屈光不正患病率则随学年升高逐渐增加.结论 引起小学生视力下降的主要原因是近视,做好近视防治工作,对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义.     

18岁以下患者屈光不正分析

对18岁以下屈光不正患者2026例4032只眼行睫状肌麻痹下验光。结果为近视眼多于远视眼，单纯近视多于复性近视激光，复性远视散光多于单纯远视，单纯近视散光、单纯远视散光及混合散光均较其他类型少见。对屈光不正类型与性别、年龄与屈光不正度数及屈光不正类型及弱视的关系进行了统计分析。     

沈阳市铁西区一小学学生屈光状态调查

目的 了解普通学校小学生视力不良情况和屈光状态及其与近视发生发展的关系.方法 调查沈阳市铁西区一小学636名小学生的远视力,其中230名(459只眼)视力不良学生进行散瞳验光,判断屈光状态,将所得结果比较分析.结果 视力不良发生率为36.08%,各年级近视眼发病率差异有统计学意义,女生发生率高于男生,视力下降的程度也随学年的升高差异明显加重.屈光不正中低年级以远视为主,高年级以近视为主.远视性屈光不正的患病率随学年升高而下降,近视性屈光不正患病率则随学年升高逐渐增加.结论 引起小学生视力下降的主要原因是近视,做好近视防治工作,对控制小学生视力不良有重要意义.     

Electrophysiological determination of the refractive state of the eye of the opossum

The refractive state of the eye of the South American opossum Didelphis marsupialis aurita was investigated with electrophysiological techniques. Using adult specimens, trapped from the wild, averaged cortical evoked responses were recorded from the region of projection of the central visual field. Stimuli consisted of a phase reversal of a square wave grating generated on a CRO screen, with luminance of 2.4 cd/m2 and contrast 0.84. The refractive state of the eye was altered by means of trial lenses and the amplitude of the cortical responses thus obtained compared to those obtained with no lens (control values). Refraction "tuning curves" were determined for each animal. The average refractive state was found to be -2.27 D indicating that this species when raised in its habitat shows, at low ambient luminosity, some degree of myopia. Determination of the Contrast Sensitivity Function indicate that induced ametropias lead to a reduction of the cut-off value of the spatial frequency and a loss of contrast sensitivity.     

Influence of exercise on the structure of the anterior chamber of the eye

Purpose

To measure changes in anterior chamber structure before and after exercise in healthy individuals using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods

Thirty‐two healthy young individuals performed jogging for 20 min. Eye blinking rate was recorded during rest and exercise. The anterior chamber angle (ACA), angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular‐iris space area at 500 μm from the scleral spur (TISA500), iris concavity (IC), iris concavity ratio (CR), iris thickness at 750 μm from the scleral spur (IT750), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber width (ACW), pupil diameter (PD), intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after exercise. Anterior chamber angle (ACA), AOD500, TISA500, IC, IT750, ACD, ACW and PD were measured with ASOCT.

Results

Compared with rest, the blinking rate during exercise did not change significantly (13.04 ± 5.80 versus 13.52 ± 5.87 blinks/min, p = 0.645). The average IOP (15.4 ± 2.4 versus 12.4 ± 2.1 mmHg), ACA (35.96 ± 11.35 versus 40.25 ± 12.64 degrees), AOD500 (0.800 ± 0.348 versus 0.942 ± 0.387 mm), TISA500 (0.308 ± 0.155 versus 0.374 ± 0.193 mm²), IC (?0.078 ± 0.148 versus ?0.153 ± 0.159 mm) and CR (?0.027 ± 0.050 versus ?0.054 ± 0.056) changed significantly (all p < 0.001), while the average IT750 (0.463 ± 0.084 versus 0.465 ± 0.086 mm; p = 0.492), ACD (3.171 ± 0.229 versus 3.175 ± 0.238 mm; p = 0.543) and ACW (11.768 ± 0.377 versus 11.755 ± 0.378 mm; p = 0.122) showed no significant change after exercise.

Conclusion

The blinking rate did not change significantly during exercise, while ACA, AOD500 and TISA500 increased after exercise. Exercise also induced or increased IC. These changes in anterior chamber structure were only associated with exercise, but not with the postexercise change in PD or IOP.     

Determination of the location of the fovea on the fundus

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the distance between optic nerve head and fovea in healthy eyes determined by scanning laser ophthalmoscope may facilitate estimation of the location of the fovea relative to the optic disc in patients with macular disease. METHODS: The angular distance was measured, in horizontal and vertical directions, between the center of the optic nerve head and the fovea in 104 eyes of 104 healthy probands. For additional evaluation of intraindividual variation in 70 of these persons the contralateral eye was measured as well. RESULTS: The distance between the optic disc and the fovea differed vertically more than horizontally (-1.5 +/- 0.9 degrees [-3.65 to +0.65 degrees ] vs. 15.5 +/- 1.1 degrees [13.0-17.9 degrees ]). There was a mean angle between the fovea and the center of the optic disc versus the horizon of -5.6 +/- 3.3 degrees. The intraindividual difference between right and left eyes was markedly lower, with average angles being 0.2 +/- 1.3 degrees vertically and 0.0 +/- 1.1 degrees horizontally. CONCLUSIONS: The distance between the optic nerve head and the fovea does not allow for a meaningful determination of the location of the fovea in eyes in which morphologic changes have occurred. The angle of rotation of the fovea relatively to the center of the optic nerve head is relatively stable. Therefore, the size of a central scotoma can be determined by movement of the blind spot according to the change of the preferred retinal locus (PRL). In addition, the knowledge of the location of the fovea enables determination of the position in the contralateral eye of the same patient.