Penetrating keratoplasty in corneal perforations

Complications and results are described following 34 transfixing keratoplasties conducted on 27 perforated eyes of diverse origins: herpes (11 cases), traumas (7 cases), chronic ulcerations (7 cases), abscess (2 cases). Seven patients required a secondary keratoplasty, 6 of these being herpes cases. Postoperative treatment by corticosteroids, and the use of a soft contact lens to protect the donor-epithelium are discussed. Resulting vision was more than 5/10 in 5 patients (19%) and more than 1/10 in 7 patients (26%).     

重度角膜烧伤后患者行穿透性角膜移植联合异体角膜缘移植术的疗效分析

目的　探讨穿透性角膜移植(PK)联合环状同种异体角膜缘移植(KLAT)治疗重度角膜烧伤(稳定期)后角膜白斑伴角膜缘干细胞功能失代偿的临床疗效。方法　1999年1月至2001年12月山东省眼科研究所、青岛眼科医院诊治的稳定期重度角膜烧伤患者34例(35只眼),平均病程2 8年。角膜新生血管化象限均大于3 /4,角膜中央全层混浊区直径大于6mm,术前视力在光感/1m~数指/30cm之间。A组18例(19只眼)接受PK联合KLAT术;B组16例(16只眼)接受眼前节重建(带角膜缘的全角膜移植)术。术后全身联合局部应用免疫抑制剂,并对术后视力、免疫排斥反应及并发症等进行观察。结果　随访时间15~28个月,平均24个月。(1)视力:术后6个月,A、B组脱盲率分别为95% 和88% (P=0 582);术后12个月分别为84% 和38% (P=0 006);术后24个月分别为63% 和7% (P=0 .016)。( 2 )免疫排斥:A、B组角膜缘干细胞(LSC)排斥分别为9只眼(47% )、8只眼(50% ) (P=1 000);植片内皮型免疫排斥分别为6只眼(32% )、11只眼(69% ) (P=0. 044)。不同时间段两组内皮排斥比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0. 05)。(3)术后并发症:角膜上皮缺损A组2只眼(11% ),B组7只眼(44% ) (P=0 .049);前房积血A组2只眼( 11% ),B组8只眼(50% ) (P=0.022);术后低眼压A组1只眼(5% ),B组6只眼(38% ) (P=0     

Penetrating keratoplasty for corneal perforations in fungal keratitis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the complications and therapeutic effects of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) in the treatment of corneal perforations in fungal keratitis. METHODS: The medical records of patients who underwent PKP for corneal perforations in fungal keratitis at Shandong Eye Institute from January 1999 to December 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (52 eyes) were included in this study. Twenty eyes (38.5%) had graft rejection after primary PKP, 12 of which were medically treated, and 8 underwent secondary PKP with 4 acquiring clear grafts. Fungal infection recurred in 8 eyes (15.4%), 3 of which were controlled with antifungal agents, 3 were treated with secondary PKP, and 2 were enucleated. Ten eyes (19.2%) with complicated cataract underwent intraoperative or postoperative extracapsular cataract extraction. Seven eyes (13.5%) with secondary glaucoma were cured. Graft ulcer occurred in 5 eyes (9.6%), 3 of which were cured with amniotic membrane transplantation and 2 with medications. Forty-four grafts (84.6%) remained clear at final follow-up, and 46 eyes (88.5%) had improved visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Although many complications may occur, therapeutic PKP seems to be effective in the treatment of fungal keratitis with corneal perforation.     

Penetrating keratoplasty and corneal dystrophy in Scheie's syndrome

After remembered the symptoms of Scheie syndrome, we described an original observation of two brothers affected by this disease and reported the histologic and electronic studies. Then, we tried to define the reasons of keratoplasty failure.     

Combined penetrating keratoplasty and keratolimbal allograft transplantation in comparison with corneoscleral transplantation in the treatment of severe eye burns

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the therapeutic outcomes between penetrating keratoplasty (PK) combined with keratolimbal allograft (KLAL) transplantation and corneoscleral transplantation in patients with severe corneal burns. Methods: Thirty‐eight patients (39 eyes) diagnosed severe corneal burns in stable status with vascularization and corneal opacity were included. We performed combined PK with KLAL transplantation in 23 eyes (group A) and corneoscleral transplantation in 16 eyes (group B). The main outcome measures were postoperative complications and long‐term visual acuity and rejection. Results: The incidence of postoperative complications (corneal epithelium defect, hyphaema and hypotony) in group A were obviously less than those in group B. Fifteen eyes (65%) in group A and four eyes (25%) in group B had best‐corrected visual acuity of >0.05 at 24 months (P = 0.022). Limbal stem cell rejection occurred in eleven grafts (48%) in group A and eight grafts (50%) in group B (P = 1.000). Nine grafts (39%) in group A and 12 grafts (54%) in group B had endothelial rejection (P = 0.049). Conclusions: PK combined with KLAL transplantation may reduce the risk of postoperative complications. Long‐term prognosis appears better than corneoscleral transplantation in the treatment of severe eye burns.     

Therapeutic deep lamellar keratoplasty for corneal perforations

OBJECTIVES/AIMS: Corneal perforation can be potentially blinding unless the integrity of the globe is restored quickly. Although penetrating keratoplasty (PK) may achieve this, it carries a high risk of endothelial rejection in inflamed eyes. Deep lamellar keratoplasty (DLK) may be an alternative option to PK in such eyes owing to its potential for a lower incidence of rejection. We report the efficacy of DLK in patients with corneal perforations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients underwent layer-by-layer DLK for noninfective corneal perforation, after measures such as the use of a bandage contact lens, tissue adhesive, and conjunctival pedicle flap had failed. The preoperative visual acuity was hand movements in one patient, 1/60 in two, and 6/60 in one. All four had iris incarcerated within the corneal perforations. SF6 gas (three patients) and air (one patient) were injected into the anterior chamber at the end of surgery. RESULTS: The integrity of the globe was restored in all four patients with an improvement in visual acuity (6/60 in one and 6/36 or better in three). The mean follow-up time was 7 months. All four patients had clear corneas 3 months postoperatively, apart from the area of the original perforation. There was no recurrence of ulceration or perforation. CONCLUSION: DLK is a safe and effective therapeutic measure in the management of patients with corneal perforations acting to preserve the integrity of the globe and restore vision.     

Hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with corneal involvement

BACKGROUND: Persons with ectodermal dysplasias classically have defects in hair, teeth, nails, and sweat glands. Other tissues derived from ectoderm may also be involved. Ocular involvement in ectodermal dysplasias primarily occurs in anhidrotic forms. METHODS: We describe a father and son with hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. RESULTS: Both patients had recurrent corneal epithelial defects from birth, corneal neovascularization, and strabismus. The father had cataracts with crystalline and amorphous inclusions at an early age. Both patients also had alopecia and skin abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: A father and son with a previously unreported hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and unusual corneal findings are described.     

Penetrating keratoplasty for trachomatous corneal scarring

PURPOSE: To evaluate graft survival and visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for trachomatous corneal scarring. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on all cases of PKP performed at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital between January 1, 1997, and December 31, 2001, for trachomatous corneal scarring. RESULTS: This study included 127 eyes. The mean age at the time of surgery was 64.7 years (range, 40-90 years). The mean follow-up was 1266 days (range, 91-3423 days). At the most recent visit, 102 (80.2%) grafts were clear, and 25 (19.7%) had failed. Kaplan-Meier graft survival was 98.3% at 1 year, 85.9% at 2 years, 83.2% at 3 years, 80.2% at 4 years, and 76.6% at 5 years. Major postoperative complications included worsening of glaucoma (27.6%), endothelial rejection (17.3%), and bacterial keratitis (8.7%). Visual acuity improved in 107 (84.3%) eyes, remained the same in 12 (9.5%) eyes, and worsened in 8 (6.3%) eyes. Final visual acuity of 20/160 or better was obtained in 67 (56.7%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Treating trachomatous corneal scarring with PKP can be associated with a good prognosis for graft survival and improved vision in carefully selected cases with mild or well-controlled ocular surface disease and absent or previously surgically corrected eyelid abnormalities.     

Intralamellar autopatch with lamellar keratoplasty for paracentral corneal perforations

PURPOSE: To report a new technique of tectonic intralamellar autopatch with lamellar keratoplasty (LK) for paracentral corneal perforations. METHODS: A partial thickness lamellar dissection of the host was undertaken to remove the superficial epithelium and the anterior stroma. A second lamellar dissection began at the periphery to approximately 1 mm away from the perforation to fashion a hinge. The hinged autolamellar flap was reflected over the perforation and sutured to the host with interrupted sutures. Finally, the autolamellar patch graft was supported by a lamellar graft, which was secured in place with 16 interrupted sutures. This technique was undertaken in 4 eyes with paracentral perforation after trauma (2 eyes), after pterygium (1 eye), and inadvertent perforation during host bed dissection of large LK (1 eye). RESULTS: All eyes achieved a stable ocular surface and a postoperative visual acuity of more than 6/60. CONCLUSIONS: Intralamellar autopatch with lamellar keratoplasty provides adequate tectonic support in cases of paracentral corneal perforation and thereby maintaining the integrity of the globe. It also provides ambulatory visual acuity.     

Penetrating keratoplasty for pseudophakic corneal oedema.

AIMS--The study was designed to investigate the results of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for pseudophakic corneal oedema (PCO). METHODS--Retrospective analysis of 80 consecutive patients (82 eyes) who underwent PK for PCO between the years 1980-1992 with a minimum follow up of 12 months. RESULTS--PKs for PCO have accounted for as many as 20% of all grafts performed in the hospital in recent years. The interval between cataract extraction and PK ranged from 6 to 161 months (mean 51 months). The intraocular lens was removed in 45 (55%), left in situ in 30 (37%), and exchanged in seven (8%) of cases respectively. Of the intraocular lenses involved 62% were iris supported, 31% angle supported, and 7% were posterior chamber lenses. Actuarial analysis shows graft survival to be 91% at 1 year and 86% at 2 years after surgery. The likelihood of graft survival was significantly enhanced by removal of the intraocular lens (p < 0.01). A corrected Snellen visual acuity worse than 6/60 was present in 36% of patients with a clear corneal graft. Ocular comfort was achieved in all patients with a clear corneal graft. CONCLUSION--PK for PCO resulted in a disappointing visual result in a large proportion of patients. PK was, however, successful in relieving pain and corneal ulceration when present.     

穿透性角移植治疗感染性角膜溃疡

目的:观察穿透性角膜移植术治疗感染性角膜溃疡的疗效和并发症。方法:对30例30眼严重的感染性角膜溃疡的患者进行穿透性角膜移植术,术后随访6～12mo,并进行回顾性总结。结果:本组病例中有25例角膜恢复透明(83%)。术后视力:视力<0.05者7眼,0.06～0.1者10眼,0.1～0.3者9眼,>0.3者2眼。5例发生继发性青光眼,7例出现免疫排斥反应,2例因感染不能控制而行眼球摘除。结论:穿透性角膜移植在严重感染性角膜的溃疡治疗中既可以控制疾病的发生和发展,又可以使患者的角膜恢复透明。但其并发症的防治是决定手术成败的关键。     

穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔

目的 探讨穿透性角膜移植术治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的临床疗效。方法 对1994年至2003年在青岛眼科医院行穿透性角膜移植术的40例（40只眼）真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔患者进行随访,随访时间为6～24个月,观察术后视力变化和真菌复发、植片排斥、继发性青光眼、并发性白内障等并发症的发生情况。结果 40例患者中,39例（97．5％）成功地保存了眼球,38例（95．0％）不同程度地提高了视力。穿透性角膜移植术后,4例（10．0％）患者真菌复发,其中3例用药物治愈,1例因合并真菌性眼内炎用药物不能控制而摘除眼球;15例（37．5％）患者植片发生排斥,其中12例经抗排斥治疗植片转为透明,3例因药物治疗无效而行二次穿透性角膜移植术;3例（7．5％）患者植片发生溃疡,其中2例治愈,1例因合并角膜内皮功能失代偿而行二次穿透性角膜移植术;5例（12．5％）患者继发青光眼,眼压均得到成功控制;5例（12．5％）患者发生并发性白内障,其中3例行白内障摘除术。其余患者术后随访期间眼部情况稳定,植片保持透明。最终随访时,36例（90．0％）患者角膜植片透明。结论 穿透性角膜移植术是治疗真菌性角膜溃疡穿孔的有效手术方式,是挽救眼球和视力的主要手段。     

前部深板层角膜移植治疗偏中心角膜溃疡穿孔效果评估

目的探讨偏中心角膜溃疡发生穿孔的患者采用前部深板层角膜移植（DLKP）治疗的有效性及可行性。方法回顾性病例研究。总结观察2008年12月至2011年1月间,11例（11眼）多种原因导致的角膜溃疡穿孔、穿孔范围1．5～2．0mm且穿孔部位在瞳孔边缘到角膜缘之间的患者行深板层角膜移植术,其中2例是独眼。术后对角膜移植片透明率、视力、眼压、角膜内皮细胞数量、排斥反应、角膜新生血管以及溃疡复发等进行评估。结果随诊观察12～24个月,平均（17．5±3．7）个月。10眼角膜移植术后愈合良好（91％）,无双前房形成,角膜移植片除穿孔区混浊外余均透明,恢复正常角膜厚度;1眼下方角膜溃疡者（患有类风湿和药物过敏）术后在溃疡处出现双前房,愈合不良导致植片混浊（9％）。所有患者视力均有提高,术前视力：光感：3眼,手动：5眼,指数：2眼,0．01～0．05：1眼;术后视力：0．01～0．05：1眼,0．1～0．2：8眼,〉0．2：2眼。眼压正常。角膜内皮数为1862～2756个／mm^2,平均（2286±293）个／mm^2。未发生排斥反应,角膜溃疡无复发,未发生角膜移植片和层间新生血管化。结论深板层角膜移植是治疗偏中心小范围角膜溃疡发生穿孔患者的有效方法。     

Penetrating keratoplasty for bilateral acute corneal calcification.

A 76-year-old man with bilateral practolol-induced dry eyes developed atypical acute bilateral corneal calcification. Serum calcium, phosphate, and urea levels were within normal limits. The calcium deposition progressed rapidly to involve 90% of the right cornea. Right penetrating keratoplasty was performed with subsequent visual rehabilitation of the patient. Left tectonic penetrating keratoplasty was performed 8 weeks later after corneal perforation. The corneal specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy, which showed an atypical calcareous degeneration involving Bowman's layer as well as the full thickness of the stroma. Transmission electron microscopy showed the granular calcification to consist of extracellular, radially orientated aggregates of fine, needle-shaped crystals. Both transplants remained clear with no evidence of postoperative recurrence. To our knowledge this is the first report of bilateral penetrating keratoplasty for acute calcareous degeneration.     

穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植术的观察

目的　观察穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植术的临床疗效。方法　将 61例 (61眼 )患者分为两组 ,一组 3 0例 (3 0眼 )进行部分穿透性角膜移植 (PKP)术 ,另一组 3 1例 (3 1眼 )进行穿透性角膜移植联合扇形角膜缘移植 (PKP +LKP)术 ,比较其临床疗效。结果　PKP组中有 12例的植片发生了免疫排斥反应 ,其中 2例 (2眼 )因植片血管化而导致植片浑浊。PKP+FLT组穿透植片 4例发生排斥反应。两组进行 χ2 检验 ,P <0 0 5。结论　对于合并有局部新生血管的角膜白斑患者 ,PKP+FLT术较传统的PKP术有更好的临床效果。