CT diagnosis of perforated duodenal diverticulum

We present a case of perforated duodenal diverticulum diagnosed preoperatively on computed tomography. This rare but potentially fatal condition has been difficult to detect with more conventional radiographic techniques.     

腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤(PGL)的CT特点.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外PGL 11例,并复习相关文献.所有患者均行腹盆部CT平扫及增强扫描.结果 11例肿瘤均发生于腹膜后大血管周围,其中功能性肿瘤2例,非功能性肿瘤9例;良性肿瘤8例,呈圆形或类圆形,边缘光滑,与周围结构分界清晰,3例恶性肿瘤边缘欠光滑,与周围结构分界不清,其中2例肿瘤侵犯、包绕邻近肾动脉、肾静脉及胰腺.CT平扫肿瘤多呈密度不均匀的软组织肿块,瘤内常可见范围大小不等的坏死、囊变区域(9例),部分肿瘤内合并出血(3例)及钙化(2例);2例较小的肿瘤(平均直径<4 cm)密度均匀.增强扫描肿瘤实性成分呈持续性显著增强,8例肿瘤周围或实性成分内可见迂曲增粗的肿瘤血管.结论 腹膜后肾上腺外PGL的CT表现具有一定特征性,增强CT表现结合临床症状有助于术前准确诊断.     

腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT、MRI表现

目的:探讨腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高其影像学诊断水平.方法:收集经手术病理证实的腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤14例,回顾性分析其CT、MRI表现及病理学特点.结果:右侧5例,左侧9例.大小2.3 cm×2.5 cm×2.6 cm～17.6 cm×23.8 cm×14.5 cm.肿块以囊实性为主,以囊性为主者3例,以实性为主者7例,基本呈实性者4例,未见完全囊性病灶.CT平扫表现为等或等低混杂密度灶,边缘清楚,实性部分密度与腹主动脉相近,CT值约为38.5～49.3 HU,囊性部分CT值平均约为18.9 HU.MR检查囊性部分呈长T1长T2异常信号,实性部分呈等T1长T2异常信号.增强扫描后动脉期表现为明显不均质强化肿块,囊性部分无强化,实性部分CT值约为69.5～117.3 HU.门静脉期CT值峰值略下降,信号降低,实性肿块表现为明显均匀强化,CT值约为64.7～103.5 HU,平均77.8 HU.延迟期实性部分密度、信号逐渐下降.结论:腹膜后肾上腺外副神经节瘤有一定的CT、MRI表现,结合临床及实验室检查能得出比较准确的诊断结果.     

Suprasellar paraganglioma: a case report and review of the literature

Paragangliomas arising in the suprasellar region are extremely rare. We report a case of suprasellar paraganglioma in a 47-year-old man who presented with amnesia and impaired visual acuity without any endocrine dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large enhancing tumour in the suprasellar area. Following subtotal surgical excision, the diagnosis of paraganglioma was confirmed by pathology. In this case report we describe the MRI pattern of suprasellar paraganglioma and review the literature of this uncommon lesion.     

Malignant pelvic paraganglioma: A case report

Pheochromocytomas arising from outside the adrenal glands are called paragangliomas and constitute a rare disease and can occur in the pelvic retroperitoneum. Symptoms of excess catecholamine production, as well as elevated urine vanillylmandelic acid levels and serum and urine norepinephrine levels, are highly diagnostic for paraganglioma. Imaging can be helpful for the diagnostic of these pelvic tumors, differentiating them from other pelvic masses. We hereby present a case of pelvic malignant paraganglioma.     

Multidetector-row CT duodenography in familial adenomatous polyposis: a pilot study

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of using multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) duodenography to stage duodenal polyposis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients underwent multidetector-row CT duodenography before upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A single-blinded radiologist used a surface shaded three-dimensional endoluminal fly though and two-dimensional axial and multiplanar reformats to assign a score for maximum polyp size and number based on the Spigelman classification. Comparison was made with the corresponding Spigelman scores obtained from subsequent endoscopy. RESULTS: CT duodenography was technically successful in five of six patients. The CT derived Spigelman score based on maximum polyp size was accurate in all five patients. The CT derived Spigelman score based on polyp number was accurate in only two cases: Polyp number was overestimated in one patient and underestimated in a further two. In retrospect, fine carpeting of tiny duodenal polyps was poorly visualized with CT. CONCLUSIONS: CT duodenography is technically feasible and accurately predicts maximum polyp size but CT estimates of polyp number are relatively inaccurate. CT duodenography potentially has a useful role for duodenal surveillance in those patients intolerant of conventional endoscopy.     

Unusual metastases from a medulloblastoma: Case report

Summary Calvarial and extracranial metastases by hematogenous spread of primary intracranial neoplasms have been considered a rare occurrence. This report deals with the clinicopathological and radiological findings of a child with metastatic medulloblastoma. Correlation of serial postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and the autopsy examination indicated hematogenous calvarial and intracranial spread of the primary lesion.     

Acute pancreatitis secondary to intramural duodenal hematoma: Case report and literature review

Nontraumatic intramural duodenal hematoma (IDH) is rare disease and it is generally related to coagulation abnormalities. Reports of nontraumatic IDH associated with pancreatic disease are relatively rare, and various conditions including acute or chronic pancreatitis are thought to be associated with nontraumatic IDH. However, the association between IDH and acute pancreatitis remains unknown. We report the case of a 45-year-old man who presented with vomiting and right hypochondrial pain. He had no medical history, but was a heavy drinker. The diagnosis of IDH was established by computed tomography, ultrasonography and endoscopy, and it was complicated by acute pancreatitis. The lesions resolved with conservative management. We discuss this case in the context of previously reported cases of IDH concomitant with acute pancreatitis. In our patient, acute pancreatitis occurred concurrently with hematoma, probably due to obstruction of the duodenal papilla, or compression of the pancreas caused by the hematoma. The present analysis of the published cases of IDH with acute pancreatitis provides some information on the pathogenesis of IDH and its relationship with acute pancreatitis.     

Renal hilar paraganglioma: A case report简

Paragangliomas are extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas that derive from chromaffin cells and arise along the sympathetic paraganglia in the body. In the majority of cases, they are secretory tumors and most commonly present with palpitations. Plasma metanephrines are the standard screening tests for making the diagnosis which is confirmed by pathology. Imaging plays a very important role in establishing the diagnosis. However, there is no specific feature on imaging for paragangliomas; the vascularity of the tumor should show as hyper-enhancing lesions but this is not always the case. The diagnostic value of PET is yet a matter of debate. We present a very rare case of a paraganglioma arising at the renal hilum, splaying the renal artery and vein and causing vascular compromise to the left kidney. The patient presented with an atypical presentation of unrelenting fever that was followed by acute colicky pain. Based on imaging and blood metanephrine levels, the diagnosis of paraganglioma was made. Resection of the tumor was achieved and the patient is now asymptomatic.     

腹膜后副神经节瘤CT诊断

目的:探讨腹膜后副神经节瘤的CT表现特征.方法:回顾性分析10例经手术病理证实的原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤CT资料,并与病理结果进行对照分析.结果:病灶均为单发,6例发生于腹主动脉左侧,4例发生于腹主动脉右侧,肿块直径均大于4 cm,其内密度不均,中间均可见不规则低密度坏死区,其中4例可见斑片、点状及线状高密度钙化灶,8例增强扫描瘤体实质部分明显强化,3例可见瘤体内明显强化的纡曲扩张血管,坏死区不强化.8例病灶与周围组织边界清楚,2例侵犯周围组织.结论:原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的CT表现具有一定特征性,CT检查有助于原发性腹膜后副神经节瘤的定位定性及明确肿瘤与周围组织结构的关系.     

Case report. Transient nonketotic hyperglycinaemia: ultrasound, CT and MRI

We report a case of transient nonketotic hyperglycinaemia in which radiography correlated closely with clinical and biochemical findings. Only 5 patients have been previously described with this transient form of nonketotic hyperglycinaemia. Among the radiographic findings, thinning of the corpus callosum is the most characteristic. Received: 26 June 1996 Accepted: 29 November 1996     

CT of intracerebral haemorrhage due to mycotic aneurysms—Case report

Summary The CT findings in a case of intracerebral haematoma due to rupture of a mycotic aneurysm are presented. In addition to the haematoma, CT demonstrated small focal areas of cortical enhancement, which corresponded to the peripheral aneurysms seen on angiography. Such findings are thought to be characteristic; a brief differential diagnosis is discussed.     

Primary paraganglioma simulating pituitary macroadenoma: a case report and review of the literature

A 76-year-old woman presented with an intrasellar and suprasellar mass which caused deterioration of visual acuity and bitemporal visual field defects. Trans-sphenoidal and transcranial partial resection revealed a primary chemodectoma. This tumour is very rare in the sellar area, where there are normally no paraganglionic cells. We review the literature and discuss possible mechanisms for the development of this tumour. Received: 1 June 1997 Accepted: 27 October 1997     

Distinct cases of gangliocytic paraganglioma in the duodenum: Two case reports

Gangliocytic paraganglioma (GP) is a rare, benign neuroendocrine tumor that commonly arises in the second portion of the duodenum. Despite its favorable prognosis, there have been instances of lymph node and liver metastasis as well as 1 reported fatal case. The immunohistochemical and morphological resemblance between GP and neuroendocrine tumor G1 makes it critical to properly recognize and differentiate between the 2. In this article, we present 2 distinct cases of GP: a 70-year-old male with a GP tumor in the ampulla, and a 46-year-old male with a GP near the ampulla whose tumor was excised using a robotic Whipple procedure. We focus on optimizing diagnosis and management through the application of radiological modalities and pathological analysis.     

腹膜后副神经节瘤的临床及CT表现与病理对照研究

目的:探讨腹膜后副神经节瘤的临床表现及CT诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析有完整病历及CT资料、经手术病理证实的腹膜后副神经节瘤27例,将临床及CT表现与病理学结果进行对照分析。结果:临床表现:有高血压症状10例,无高血压症状但术中出现血压波动6例,无高血压及术中血压波动11例。CT表现:肿瘤多位于腹中线大血管周围(19个病灶),并多大于5cm(21个病灶),增强CT表现为实性、明显强化,常伴有囊变或坏死。临床表现与病理对照:嗜铬性副神经节瘤16例,有高血压症状10例,另外6例术中有血压波动;非嗜铬性副神经节瘤11例,无任何症状6例,腹部包块4例,血尿1例。CT表现与病理对照:良性肿瘤边缘光整,病灶内囊变区内壁光整,边界清楚;恶性肿瘤形态不规则,"囊变区"不规则,边界不清楚。CT诊断正确率为88.9%,误诊11.1%。结论:临床症状结合增强CT表现在术前对大多数腹膜后副神经节瘤能做出正确诊断。     

Gangliocytic paraganglioma leading to duodeno-jejunal intussusception: A case report

The intussusception of the small bowel is rarely encountered in adult patients and is frequently associated with a lead point that is often malignant. In a 69-year-old female patient with an episode of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, computed tomography (CT) showed a duodenal-jejunal intussusception caused by an intraluminal mass. Open polypectomy and reduction of intussusception were performed and the diagnosis of gangliocytic paraganglioma was made at pathological evaluation. It would be important to consider neoplasms like gangliocytic paraganglioma in the setting of adult small bowel intussusception.     

CT and US findings in a rarely seen case of cardiac echinococcosis: A case report

Both Computed Tomography (CT) and Ultrasonography (US) are highly sensitive methods for detecting cardiac cysts. Pericardial cysts, ventricular aneurysms and hydatid cysts, especially in endemic areas must be considered in the differential diagnosis. In this report, we present the CT and US findings of a pathologically-proven myocardial hydatid cyst. There are no pathognomonic US or CT signs of cardiac echinococcosis. However, when a cardiac cyst is detected, examination of the liver by US or CT together with the history may give clues in the differential diagnosis and may save the patient's life. Correspondence to: H. T. Özgür     

A case report of bladder paraganglioma and literature review

Bladder paraganglioma is a rare tumor originated from the chromaffin cells of the bladder. We discuss a case of a 49-year-old male patient with bladder paraganglioma, including the clinical and ultrasonographic features, the histopathological and immunohistochemical manifestations, the treatment and prognosis, and the differential diagnosis of this disease. The combination of ultrasonic examination and clinical manifestations may help to make the accurate diagnosis of bladder paraganglioma, and pathological examination should be used to confirm the diagnosis.     

MR appearance of paraganglioma of the cauda equina. Case reports

Purpose:
To investigate the value of MR imaging for preoperative diagnosis of paraganglioma of the cauda equina.
Material and Methods:
A retrospective review of 2 cases of paraganglioma of the cauda equina examined with MR imaging was undertaken. Features assessed included the homogeneity of the lesions, presence or absence of serpiginous flow void and thin hypointense margins.
Results:
In case 1, the tumor was hyperintense on the postcontrast examination and serpiginous flow void suggested vessels in the upper pole of the tumor. In case 2, the tumor was encapsulated by a thin hypointense margin on both T1- and T2-weighted images, which suggested hemosiderin.
Conclusion:
The MR appearance may be of great value in the preoperative diagnosis of paraganglioma of the cauda equina.     

CT and MRI in a girl with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: case report

We report CT and MRI findings in a girl with late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, who presented with progressive somnolence. Both imaging methods showed signs of an acute cerebral ischaemia with new defects on follow-up. Despite an unusual clinical presentation, laboratory studies led to the diagnosis of this rare inherited metabolic defect. Received: 28 November 1995 Accepted: 5 December 1995