乌司他丁预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎临床观察

随着内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)技术的广泛开展,ERCP术后致急性胰腺炎及无症状的高淀粉酶血症越来越受到人们的重视。2000年3月-2004年4月,我们采用乌司他丁预防ERCP术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症,效果较好。现总结如下。     

乌司他丁对胰腺创面愈合作用的实验研究

目的 :研究乌司他丁 (UTI)抑制大鼠胰腺分泌及促进其创面愈合的作用。方法 :将 36只大鼠随机分成C、T两组 ,每组 1 8只 ,将其剖腹以显露胰胆管周围胰腺组织 ,在切除 2块等大的胰腺组织后 ,以 0 .2 5 %盐酸注入胰胆管腔即观察到胰腺创面的渗液。对胰腺的 2个创面分别给予缝合及不缝合处理。T组大鼠另需每日经腹内注射UTI,7～ 1 0d后 ,再次剖腹 ,重复将盐酸注入胰胆管腔 ,观察胰腺创面的渗液及愈合情况。结果 :T组胰腺创面愈合率明显高于C组 (P <0 .0 5) ;未经缝合处理的创面愈合率明显高于缝合组 (P <0 .0 5)。结论 :UTI能明显抑制大鼠胰腺的分泌 ,且有良好的抗炎及促进创面愈合的作用     

乌司他丁预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎的系统评价

目的:评价乌司他丁预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP) 术后胰腺炎的有效性. 方法:通过使用由Cochrane 协作网推荐的方法,对在世界范围内搜索出的4篇关于乌司他丁在预防ERCP 术后胰腺炎(PEP) 的随机对照试验进行Meta 分析. 结果:分别对2篇乌司他丁和安慰剂比较的随机对照试验共446 例,以及2篇乌司他丁与加贝酯比较的随机对照试验共207 例患者进行了分析,这些试验均存在统计同质性. 在乌司他丁与安慰剂、加贝酯对照的试验以及小剂量乌司他丁和加贝酯对照的试验中,乌司他丁组PEP 的OR 值分别为:0.35(95%CI:0.14-0.88) 、1.57(95%CI:0.39-6.24) 及1.69(95%CI:0.397.32). 结论:据目前的最佳证据,乌司他丁可以防止PEP,他与加贝酯有相近的疗效.     

含乌司他丁造影剂胰管显影与ERCP术后胰腺炎相关性研究

目的用含乌司他丁造影剂显影胰管,以观察ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率和预防的临床对照研究。方法将2008年1月至2009年7月上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院嘉定分院178例患者随机分成对照组85例、实验组93例,实验组用含乌司他丁造影剂显影胰管、而对照组用常规造影剂,操作要求用缓力推注造影剂且仅显示主胰管。结果178例发生ERCP术后胰腺炎共15例,发生率为8.9%,其中对照组11例、占12.9%(11/85),实验组4例、占4.3%(4/93),两组发生率比较差异有统计学意义P0.05,诊断性ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率,对照组和实验组分别为44.4%(4/9)和14.3%(1/7),统计分析差异无统计学意义P0.05。全部患者为轻型胰腺炎,经保守治疗痊愈。结论在ERCP术操作中使用含乌司他丁造影剂显影胰管,能降低ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率,但不能完全避免术后胰腺炎的发生。     

头孢呋辛预防ERCP术后胰腺炎效果观察

目的 观察头孢呋辛对内镜逆行胆胰管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎的预防作用.方法 将180例拟行ER-CP的胆总管结石患者随机分为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,对照组不使用抗生素,试验1组于术后给予头孢呋辛静滴,试验2组分别于术前、术后静滴头孢呋辛,检测3组患者术前和术后3 h、24 h血淀粉酶水平,并记录症状、体征.结果 对照组21例(35%)血淀粉酶升高,其中10例(16.7%)确诊为胰腺炎;试验1组分别为19例(31.7%)、5例(8.3%);试验2组分别为7例(11.7%)、2例(3.3%).结论 术前、术后连续应用头孢呋辛可以降低ERCP术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症,单纯术后应用头孢呋辛不能达到效果.     

乌司他丁在ERCP术后胰腺炎预防中的应用进展

内镜逆行胆胰管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography,ERCP)作为胆管及胰腺疾病的诊断、治疗手段已越来越多地应用于临床,同时,其术后并发症也日益受到重视。ERCP术后胰腺炎(post-ERCP pancreatitis,PEP)是其最常见也是最严重的并发症之一,术后胰腺炎的预防成为关注重点。作者根据国内外研究成果,对PEP的发病机制及危险因素进行阐述,并对乌司他丁(UTI)这一胰酶抑制剂的应用对PEP的预防效果及其应用的新进展作一综述。     

乌司他丁在胃癌根治术后减轻胰腺创伤性炎症的应用

20 0 1年 9月至 2 0 0 3年 8月 ,我们对 2 0例胃癌患者行围手术期乌司他丁治疗 ,与同期常规治疗者进行比较 ,乌司他丁减轻胃癌根治术后胰腺创伤性炎症的作用明显。现报告如下。临床资料 :本文胃癌根治术 4 4例 ,随机分为治疗组 2 0例 ,男 13例 ,女 7例 ,年龄 (5 3.2± 13.4 )岁 ;对照组 2 4例 ,男16例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 (5 5 .0± 13.9)岁。两组资料具有可比性。方法 :治疗组手术后当天给予乌司他丁 2 0万 U静滴 ,分两次给药 ,共 3天 ,术后每天测定血淀粉酶。对照组除不用乌司他丁外 ,其余治疗与治疗组相同。结果 :术后 1、2、3天 ,治疗组血淀…     

乌司他丁对体外循环术后肺损伤的保护作用

体外循环所致的炎症反应与术后肺损伤密切相关。其中中性粒细胞在肺内蓦集,释放蛋白酶、氧自由基等毒性物质是一重要发病机制。乌司他丁为广谱丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,可同时抑制胰蛋白酶、组织蛋白酶、弹性蛋白酶等多种水解酶的活性,以及体外循环所致的多种炎症介质的释放,可防治体外循环术后肺损伤。     

乌司他丁对心肺复苏后脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用及机制

<正>心脏骤停(CA)以发病急和病死率高为主要特点,心肺复苏(CPR)为CA的主要抢救手段,CPR后各个脏器功能的恢复尤为重要,而脑复苏恢复更是重中之重〔1,2〕。CA自主循环恢复(ROSC)后仍有30%的患者存在不可逆的神经功能损害,主要是不同程度的脑损伤。研究证实,CPR后脑损伤与脑细胞缺血再灌注引起的损伤分子机制等一系列的病理生理学改变密切相关,但其发生机制尚未明确。大多数人认为缺血缺氧作为始     

Role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in pancreatic diseases

Over the last 15 years,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved from a diagnostic tool to one that is primarily used to provide therapy. This development occurred f irst for biliary disorders and subsequently to a lesser extent for pancreatic diseases. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging,magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography suggest a diagnosis in the majority of patients with pancreatic diseases today and can help physicians and pati...     

诊断与治疗性胰胆管造影在胆管损伤中的临床应用

目的探讨胰胆管引流（ERCP）在胆管损伤诊断中的作用及其临床应用疗效。方法总结1999年3月至2004年3月收治的31例胆管损伤患者，行诊断性ERCP，选择有内镜治疗价值者作为实施对象，行乳头肌切开术（EST）、鼻胆管引流、塑料支架支撑引流等内镜治疗。结果31例胆管损伤中，胆总管横断或结扎3例，胆管狭窄13例，胆瘘15例，22例（34次）接受内镜治疗，占71％。13例胆管狭窄中，有7例行塑料支架支撑治疗维持8～20个月，4例疗效满意，3例疗效欠佳；15例胆瘘患者行EST、鼻胆管引流，13例胆瘘愈合，2例无效，其中7例因胆管狭窄或有狭窄倾向置入塑料支架支撑维持4～12个月。6例发生术后高淀粉酶血症。结论ERCP对胆管损伤有定性和定位诊断意义，多数胆瘘和部分胆管狭窄患者通过内镜治疗获得痊愈，早期内镜治疗可简化治疗方案，避免再次手术。     

The use of gabexate mesylate and ulinastatin for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

Background/Aims

Acute pancreatitis is a common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Only a few pharmacologic agents have been shown to have potential efficacy for the prophylactic treatment of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). The aim of this study was to determine whether prophylactic gabexate and ulinastatin can decrease the incidence of PEP.

Methods

From January 2005 to April 2010, 1,679 patients undergoing ERCP treatment were consecutively enrolled in the study. After selective exclusion, a total of 1,480 patients were included in the analysis. The patients were separated into 3 groups according to the prophylactic administration of gabexate (593 patients), ulinastatin (229 patients), or saline solution (658 patients) and analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome measurements were the incidence of pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia.

Results

PEP occurred in 21 of the 593 (3.5%) patients who received gabexate, 16 of the 229 (7.0%) patients who received ulinastatin, and 48 of the 658 (7.3%) patients who received a saline solution. The incidence of PEP was significantly different between the gabexate and ulinastatin or saline solution groups (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Gabexate prophylaxis is effective in preventing PEP. However, there is no difference in the beneficial effects of the prophylactic administration of ulinastatin and a saline solution.     

Role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in isolated pancreatic metastasis from lung cancer

A case is reported of a 50-year-old woman with a history of small-cell lung cancer admitted with pancreatic head lesions, discovered during investigation for obstructive jaundice. Endoscopic ultrasound assisted fine needle aspiration of the pancreatic mass was consistent with small cell carcinoma, presenting as an isolated metastasis from the previously diagnosed lung cancer. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancrea- tography (ERCP) showed extrinsic compression and a bile duct stricture, requiring sphincterotomy and stent insertion. This case highlights that acute pancreatitis and biliary obstruction can occur as a manifestation of small cell lung cancer metastasizing to the pancreas. EUS is a safe, low risk and rapid diagnostic tool in such cases, and ERCP with stenting offers a safe and effective treatment option.     

Stent-induced symptomatic pancreatic duct stricture after endoscopic prophylactic pancreatic duct stent placement for the normal pancreas

Background/ObjectivesStent-induced pancreatic duct stricture (SI-PDS) is a complication associated with pancreatic stent placement. However, symptomatic SI-PDS associated with prophylactic pancreatic duct stents has not been sufficiently investigated.MethodsWe examined the incidence and characteristics of symptomatic SI-PDS in patients who underwent pancreatic duct stent placement to prevent post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP) between April 2007 and March 2017.ResultsWe examined 124 patients with normal pancreases consisting of 75 men and 49 women with a median age of 67.5 years [interquartile range (IQR): 61–74 years]. The median main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter was 3.3 mm (IQR: 2.6–4.1 mm). The median duration of stent placement was 7 days (IQR: 3–14 days). Spontaneous dislodgment stents were placed in 43.5% of cases (54/124). The diameter of the stent was 5 Fr in 93.5% of cases (116/124) and 7 Fr in 6.5% of cases (8/124). Symptomatic SI-PDS was observed in 2.4% (3/124) of patients overall: 6.5% of patients with an MPD diameter of <3 mm and 0% of patients with an MPD diameter of ≥3 mm. Univariate analysis revealed that an MPD diameter <3 mm was a significant factor for symptomatic SI-PDS (p = 0.048). All cases of symptomatic SI-PDS improved with endoscopic treatment.ConclusionsSymptomatic SI-PDS occurred in 2.4% of patients who underwent prophylactic pancreatic duct stent placement for normal pancreases. Patients with an MPD diameter of <3 mm may be susceptible to symptomatic SI-PDS.     

Comparison between ulinastatin and nafamostat for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications: A prospective,randomized trial

ObjectivesPancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this prospective trial was to compare the effect of ulinastatin and nafamostat on the prophylaxis of post-ERCP complications.MethodsA total of 159 patients who underwent ERCP were divided into ulinastatin (n = 53), nafamostat (n = 53) and control (n = 53) groups. Each patient received ulinastatin (150,000 units), nafamostat (20 mg), or placebo from 2-4 h before ERCP to 6–8 h after ERCP. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PEP, and the secondary endpoints were the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia and abdominal pain.ResultsThe overall incidence of PEP was 6.3% (10/159) and no significant differences were observed between ulinastatin and nafamostat groups in terms of the incidences of PEP (1.9% and 3.8%, P = 0.560), hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia, and abdominal pain, although these were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was no significant difference for preventing PEP between ulinastatin and nafamostat and both drugs were efficacious for preventing post-ERCP complications.     

Updated meta-analysis of pancreatic stent placement in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety profile of pancreatic duct (PD) stent placement for prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP).METHODS: We performed a search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library to identify randomized controlled clinical trials of prophylactic PD stent placement after ERCP. RevMan 5 software provided by Cochrane was used for the heterogeneity and efficacy analyses, and a meta-analysis was performed for the data that showed homogeneity. Categorical data are presented as relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and measurement data are presented as weighted mean differences and 95%CIs.RESULTS: The incidence rates of severe pancreatitis, operation failure, complications and patient pain severity were analyzed. Data on pancreatitis incidence were reported in 14 of 15 trials. There was no significant heterogeneity between the trials (I² = 0%, P = 0.93). In the stent group, 49 of the 1233 patients suffered from PEP, compared to 133 of the 1277 patients in the no-stent group. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that it may be possible to prevent PEP by placing a PD stent.CONCLUSION: PD stent placement can reduce postoperative hyperamylasemia and might be an effective and safe option to prevent PEP if the operation indications are well controlled.     

Biliary and pancreatic stenting: Devices and insertion techniques in therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasonography

Stents are tubular devices made of plastic or metal. Endoscopic stenting is the most common treatment for obstruction of the common bile duct or of the main pancreatic duct, but also employed for the treatment of bilio-pancreatic leakages, for preventing post- endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and to drain the gallbladder and pancreatic fluid collections. Recent progresses in techniques of stent insertion and metal stent design are represented by new, fullycovered lumen apposing metal stents. These stents are specifically designed for transmural drainage, with a saddle-shape design and bilateral flanges, to provide lumen-to-lumen anchoring, reducing the risk of migration and leakage. This review is an update of the technique of stent insertion and metal stent deployment, of the most recent data available on stent types and characteristics and the new applications for biliopancreatic stents.     

Current status of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered anatomy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in patients with surgically altered anatomy must be performed by a highly experienced endoscopist.The challenges are accessing the afferent limb in different types of reconstruction,cannulating a papilla with a reverse orientation,and performing therapeutic interventions with uncommon endoscopic accessories.The development of endoscopic techniques has led to higher success rates in this group of patients.Device-assisted ERCP is the endoscopic procedure of choice for high success rates in short-limb reconstruction;however,these success rate is lower in long-limb reconstruction.ERCP assisted by endoscopic ultrasonography is now popular because it can be performed independent of the limb length;however,it must be performed by a highly experienced and skilled endoscopist.Stent deployment and small stone removal can be performed immediately after ERCP assisted by endoscopic ultrasonography,but the second session is needed for other difficult procedures such as cholangioscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy.Laparoscopic-assisted ERCP has an almost 100%success rate in longlimb reconstruction because of the use of a conventional side-view duodenoscope,which is compatible with standard accessories.This requires cooperation between the surgeon and endoscopist and is suitable in urgent situations requiring concomitant cholecystectomy.This review focuses on the advantages,disadvantages,and outcomes of various procedures that are suitable in different situations and reconstruction types.Emerging new techniques and their outcomes are also discussed.