原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT表现特点分析

目的探讨原发性脑淋巴瘤的MRI与CT检查特点及应用。方法对收治的13例经病理证实的原发性脑淋巴瘤患者的MRI和CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 13例原发性脑淋巴瘤患者中,9例单发,4例多发,共有病灶21个。CT平扫多表现为等或稍高密度,而MRI平扫时T1WI表现为等或稍低信号,T2WI呈高信号。结论原发性脑淋巴瘤的CT和MRI表现具有一定的特征,对CT和MRI影像资料进行综合分析,有利于原发性脑淋巴瘤的早期诊断。     

颅内单发原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MRI、CT诊断和鉴别诊断

[目的]探讨原发性颅内淋巴瘤的MRI、CT表现特征,以提高诊断和鉴别诊断的能力。[方法]回顾分析21例经病理证实的单发原发性颅内淋巴瘤的MRI、CT表现。[结果]18例病变位于幕上,3例病变位于幕下。CT平扫多表现为等或稍高密度肿块,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈等、低或稍高信号,信号均匀或不均,DWI呈稍高或高信号,瘤周水肿较明显。CT和MRI增强扫描肿块均较明显强化,边缘光整或呈分叶状,出血、坏死囊变、钙化少见。[结论]颅内淋巴瘤的MRI、CT表现虽具有多样、重叠性,在部位、形态、信号或密度改变及强化形式仍具有一定的特征性,通过其影像鉴别分析,在术前作出定性诊断是可能的。     

9例脑原发淋巴瘤的MRI影像特征

背景与目的:脑原发淋巴瘤少见,术前常被误诊为恶性胶质瘤或转移瘤.由于脑原发淋巴瘤对化学治疗及放射治疗敏感,因此术前明确诊断具有重要意义.本研究回顾性分析9例经病理证实的免疫状态正常人脑原发淋巴瘤的MRI表现,以提高对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断能力.方法:分析9例脑原发淋巴瘤MRI表现特征(包括病灶的数目、位置、信号强度、瘤周水肿、占位效应程度及瘤体强化特点).结果:9例病变均为单发,病灶位于幕上者8例,同时累及幕上幕下者1例.平扫T1WI上呈低信号8例,等信号1例;平扫T2WI上等信号6例,低信号1例,稍高信号2例.2例病灶中见坏死改变.瘤周水肿轻度5例,中度3例,重度1例.增强后肿瘤呈团块状强化4例,分叶状强化3例,环状强化2例.结论:免疫状态正常人脑原发淋巴瘤具有较典型的MRI征象,结合患者影像学及临床资料,术前可作出明确诊断.     

原发性脑淋巴瘤的影像诊断分析

目的探讨CT和MRI诊断原发性脑淋巴瘤的特点。方法选择2007年12月至2011年11月间收治的12例经手术病理和(或)临床诊断为原发性脑淋巴瘤患者为观察组,从35例就诊的脑瘤患者中,按就诊时间随机抽取20例颅内转移瘤患者作为对照组,均行CT和MRI检查诊断。观察肿瘤部位、数目、病灶分布、形态特点、是否存在囊变和坏死等。结果 CT平扫下淋巴瘤组织呈等密度或稍高密度值。观察组患者T2WI呈低信号3个,等信号或稍高信号13个,高信号7个。对照组患者等信号7个,高信号21个。两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组患者具有明显囊变、坏死特征改变18例,观察组仅1例,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脑原发性淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现具有其特点,分辨其影像学特点有助于作出正确诊断。     

原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤37例的MRI表现分析

目的：分析原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析37例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的MRI表现,包括病灶分布、大小、信号特点、占位效应及强化特征。结果：37例原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤中,单发病灶24例,多发病灶13例。单发病灶分布于大脑半球13例、小脑3例、丘脑及鞍区各2例,胼胝体、三脑室、颈静脉孔区及天幕裂孔区各1例。T1WI呈低或等信号占95.8%,T2WI均呈高信号;除1例增强后不明显强化外,其余明显强化病灶中均匀强化及不均匀强化者各占50%;有占位效应者占45.9%。结论：原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤MRI表现多变,临床需警惕原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的各种不典型MRI表现。     

幕下孤立性纤维瘤的影像学表现（附5例报道及文献复习）

目的:探讨幕下孤立性纤维瘤（solitary fibrous tumor,SFT）的影像学表现,以提高其诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的幕下SFT的影像及临床、病理资料,1例行CT平扫,3例行MRI平扫及增强检查,1例仅行MRI增强检查。结果:本组5例（4例女性,1例男性）均为单发病灶,均宽基底与脑膜相连,2例位于右侧小脑半球,1例位于左侧小脑半球凸面,1例跨右侧小脑幕上下生长,1例位于左侧桥小脑角区,肿瘤最大径范围约4.1~5.2 cm,5例边界均清楚,4例呈浅分叶状,1例呈类圆形。肿瘤CT平扫呈稍高密度,MRI T1WI呈等信号或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号或低信号,3例T2WI病灶内见片状低信号区,2例病灶内见囊变,2例病灶内见迂曲血管,4例病灶周围可见轻度水肿,3例病灶周围见脑脊液环绕征象。增强扫描实性成分及囊壁均明显强化,2例可见脑膜尾征。结论:幕下SFT影像学表现具有一定的特征性,当幕下肿块呈浅分叶状并具有脑外肿瘤的征象,CT上呈稍高密度,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号或低信号,明显强化,T2WI病灶内见低信号区及迂曲血管影时,可考虑诊断该病,但最终确诊仍需依靠病理及免疫组织化学检查。     

骨孤立性浆细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的:探讨骨孤立性浆细胞瘤（SBP）的影像学表现,以提高对该病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析2012年9月至2020年9月山西省原平市第一人民医院就诊的8例不同部位SBP患者临床及影像学资料,影像学检查包括CT、磁共振成像（MRI）平扫及MRI增强扫描。结果:8例患者病变部位包括胸椎3例、腰椎2例、颅骨2例、肋骨1例,其中影像学检查误诊为胸椎转移瘤、胸椎结核、腰椎淋巴瘤、颅骨脑膜瘤各1例。所有患者均呈溶骨型骨质破坏,可伴有骨质膨胀性改变及软组织肿块。5例椎体病灶均表现为椎体压缩变扁,CT呈等/低密度,T1WI呈等/低信号,T2WI呈低/稍高信号,其中2例呈典型"微脑征"。2例颅骨病灶CT呈稍高密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈等/混杂高信号。肋骨病灶CT呈等密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。4例MRI增强扫描病灶呈明显均匀强化。结论:不同部位SBP均表现为溶骨型骨质破坏,病灶及软组织肿块均一强化。"微脑征"为脊柱SBP特异性影像学征象。     

颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的CT诊断——附11例报告

为探讨颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤CT扫描特征,对11例经手术及活检病理确诊的颅内淋巴瘤的CT扫描表现进行回顾性分析。结果示病灶单发或多发,以幕上分布为主;圆形多见,CT平扫肿瘤呈等密度或略高密度;边界清楚,常累及脑的深部结构,占位效应轻;增强扫描病灶多为均匀强化,亦可为环状强化,可侵及室管膜并沿之播散。初步研究结果提示颅内原发性恶性淋巴瘤CT表现对其诊断具有一定的价值。     

肺癌合并垂体转移瘤的影像学表现

目的: 探讨肺癌合并垂体转移瘤的cT、MRI表现特征,以提高鉴别诊断水平.方法: 对6例确诊为肺癌并伴有垂体转移的患者,其中5例进行颅脑cT扫描,3例进行颅脑MRI扫描.结果: CT平扫表现为鞍区高、略高或等密度占位病灶.MRI表现为转移灶位于垂体后叶和(或)垂体柄,呈浸润性生长,T1WI以低信号为主,T2WI呈等、略高信号,信号可不均匀;多层螺旋CT(muhipleslice spiral CT,MSCT)矢状位重建及MRI矢状位显示病灶为典型的"哑铃状"表现,增强扫描病灶呈中度及明显的均匀或不均匀强化.结论: 垂体转移瘤的CT及MRI影像学表现有一定的特征性,cT和(或)MRI检查对垂体转移瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的参考价值.     

脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的MRI诊断(附11例分析)

目的探讨MRI对脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的诊断价值。方法本组共11例,男7例,女4例。术前均行MRI平扫加增强检查。结果本组11例其MRI表现病灶位于脑组织深部,边界清楚,大小不等,圆形或卵圆形,周围无或有轻~中度水肿,在T1加权像为低信号,T2加权像为高信号,注射造影剂Gd-DTPA后有明显增强。结论MRI对脑内原发性恶性淋巴瘤的诊断具有一定的价值。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.