艾滋病门诊自愿咨询检测者HIV感染状况分析

目的了解艾滋病(AIDS)门诊自愿咨询检测(VCT)者艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况。方法对VCT人员的监测资料、HIV/AIDS患者的流行病学和临床资料进行统计分析。结果1 553例VCT者中共检测出37例HIV/AIDS患者。咨询者中以不洁性接触史(33.29%)、输血/血液制品(17.38%)及静脉吸毒(14.68%)的比例较高。结论静脉吸毒、输血/血液制品和性乱人群等是引起HIV传播的重要因素,在现有的医疗卫生服务条件下,实施可持续的VCT服务和综合关怀工作,可起到降低HIV传播风险及积极的预防干预作用。     

浙江省艾滋病自愿咨询检测求询者的动态变化分析

目的对比2008年和2009年浙江省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)数据,探索今后VCT工作的方向。方法通过下载艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统中,检测咨询信息管理定时统计的数据、2008年和2009年不同类型的求询者的数量和艾滋病病毒(HIV)阳性者的数量,利用卡方检验进行统计学分析。结果 2008年共完成咨询检测73 918人次,2009年共完成咨询检测81 386人次。求询者中有非婚异性性行为史者有上升趋势,2008年占46.98%(34 730/73 918),2009年占49.12%(39 977/81 386),两年对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2008年和2009年分别经VCT发现HIV感染者255人和331人,感染者中以男男性行为者、非婚异性性行为者、配偶/固定性伴HIV阳性者为主,注射吸毒史(P<0.05)、有非婚异性性行为史者(P<0.05)和有男男性行为史者对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论要对大众进行宣传艾滋病VCT服务,特别是针对具有男男性行为、非婚异性性行为、配偶/固定性伴HIV阳性的人群要加强宣传。     

对艾滋病自愿咨询检测多次求询者的特征分析

目的比较多次求询者与单次求询者的特征是否一致,并比较两类数据(人次数和人数)所反映的求询者的特征是否有差异。方法对2010-2011年多次求询者的基本情况数据进行描述和卡方检验。结果共为4628人提供5135人次自愿咨询检测(VCT)服务,其中多次求询者393人(8.5%),多次求询原因前三位的是:上次检测未过窗口期或再次发生高危行为的占51.4%(202人),HIV感染者配偶/固定性伴随访检测占21.4%(84人),HIV抗体初筛检测次数超过3次且结果均为阴性的恐艾者占11.5%(45人)。多次求询者在男性、大专及以上文化程度、15~29岁、商业异性性行为史以及HIV抗体初筛阴性中的比例较高。除HIV抗体初筛结果构成比外,两类数据反映的求询者特征没有差异。结论人次数数据基本上能够代替人数数据反映的求询者特征;减少不必要的重复检测是节约资源和规范服务的基础;应为多次求询者提供更有针对性的咨询检测服务。     

西藏某VCT门诊自愿咨询检测者HIV感染状况分析

目的分析艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）门诊,自愿咨询检测者的艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况,为西藏预防HIV传播提供科学依据。方法收集整理2003-2012年西藏某VCT门诊自愿咨询者的人口学信息及HIV抗体检测结果,用描述性方法进行统计分析。结果1929名自愿咨询检测者中,检出HIV抗体阳性188例,阳性率9．75％;女性阳性率（12．94％）高于男性（8．40％）;15～44岁年龄组阳性率达9．92％,其阳性人数占所有阳性者中的94．15％（177／188）。小学及以下文化程度HIV阳性率较高,为17．92％,无业者高于其他职业;静脉注射吸毒阳性率高达62．50％。性传播占总数的89．89％。结论青壮年、小学及以下文化程度者及无业者是感染HIV的高危人群,性接触是主要的传播方式,应针对高危人群的特点,加强艾滋病的宣传教育以及行为干预工作,阻断HIV传播。     

西安市2008-2011年艾滋病自愿咨询检测求询者情况

目的了解2008-2011年西安市艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）求询者的人群特征及检测情况。方法从艾滋病综合防治信息系统中,导出西安市2008-2011年VCT求询者的数据资料,使用Excel整理资料,SPSS19.0进行统计分析。结果 2008-2011年西安市共有32 802名求询者接受VCT,男性占61.8%,20～39岁占70.0%,已婚有配偶者占62.2%。2008-2011年求询原因中,非婚性行为所占比例分别为31.4%、29.5%、45.6%和50.0%,男男性行为者所占比例分别为0.8%、1.1%、2.4%和3.3%（趋势χ2=348.502,P=0.000）。32 802名求询者HIV检测率为94.0%,共发现291名抗体阳性者,阳性率为0.9%;男男性行为者阳性率最高,为14.9%。291名HIV阳性者的求询原因主要是男男性行为（34.0%）和非婚异性性行为（26.5%）。结论西安市VCT求询者人数、HIV抗体检测率和阳性率逐年增加。求询者以已婚男性青壮年为主,求询原因以非婚性行为为主,且非婚性行为和男男性行为比例逐渐增多。男男性行为者阳性人数所占比例最大,是需要重点关注的人群。     

2009～2011年潍坊市艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群感染情况分析

目的了解潍坊市自愿咨询检测人群艾滋病感染情况,为进一步采取相应措施提供科学依据。方法对潍坊市2009～2011年艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群的相关资料进行分析。结果 2009～2011年,潍坊市共检测自愿咨询检测人群28 442人次,艾滋病抗体阳性82例,阳性率0.29%,高于全人群艾滋病抗体检出率;男男性行为人群抗体阳性率较高,为3.23%,商业性行为人群阳性率最低,为0.10%。未婚、小学以下以及大专以上文化程度人群比例逐年增多;男男性行为及商业性行为自愿检测人数逐年增加。结论宣传教育对于有高危行为人群自愿检测有显著的促进作用,尤其是干预外展极大的促进了高危人群就诊检测;今后仍需继续加大男同及商业性行为人群的咨询检测工作。     

北京市怀柔区艾滋病自愿咨询检测情况

目的分析北京市怀柔区艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)人群的社会人口学特征和艾滋病感染状况,有针对性地制定怀柔区艾滋病健康教育和高危干预措施。方法对2009年怀柔区疾病预防控制中心艾滋病自愿咨询门诊求询者的调查及检测结果进行分析。结果 408名求询者接受咨询和艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体检测,其中15~40岁年龄组占97.1%,男女比例为1∶1.07;求询原因是发生危险性行为,占96.1%;HIV抗体阳性检出率为1.2%(5/408),均为男男性行为者。结论求询者中的HIV感染者,在青壮年男男性行为人群中检出率较高,提示应对男性青壮年人群进行广泛的艾滋病健康教育,加强针对男男性行为人群的行为干预措施。     

呼伦贝尔市艾滋病自愿咨询检测者HIV感染状况分析

近年来,呼伦贝尔市艾滋病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人呈逐年增长趋势,年轻化趋势较为严重,地区分布不均匀,有地域聚集性。随着艾滋病防治知识的普及和人们防治意识的提高,艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)者逐年递增。为了解呼伦贝尔市VCT人群中HIV/AIDS感染状况,对2013年1-12月门诊检测者监测资料进行统计分析。1材料与方法资料来源于呼伦贝尔市艾滋病VCT门诊、艾滋病     

艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群的特征及HIV感染率分析

目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群的特征和艾滋病病毒（HIV）的感染情况。方法对2008-2011年浦东新区VCT人群进行HIV检测和人群特征分析,并对部分VCT求询者进行艾滋病相关知识和心理测试。结果 2008-2011年,VCT人群HIV感染率分别为1.52%、2.33%、3.92%、4.25%,感染途径以性接触为主。其中男男同性行为占51.11%,非婚异性性行为占31.11%,婚内性行为占8.89%;异性性行为与男男同性性行为之间感染率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。VCT求询者平均年龄为（29.69±7.52）岁,20～45岁的青壮年占94.80%;92.84%因非婚性接触（同性及异性）来咨询检测;男男同性性行为与非婚异性性行为之间的完全用套率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,大专及以上、高中（含中专）和初中及以下3组不同文化程度的非婚异性性接触者,完全用套率的差异也有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。抽查人群的艾滋病知识水平、自我效能感相对较高。结论 VCT是发现HIV感染者和开展干预的重要窗口,应针对不同人群进一步完善健康教育和行为干预。     

2010年开县艾滋病自愿咨询检测情况分析

艾滋病自愿咨询检测(Voluntary counseling andtesting,VCT)是指人们通过咨询,在充分知情和完全保密的情况下,自愿选择是否接受艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)抗体检测、改变危险行为及获得相关服务的过程。为了解开县接受VCT人群的现状,有针对性地制定艾滋病健康教育和行为干预计划,有效遏制疫情,在咨询检测工     

岱山县2010-2012年艾滋病VCT结果分析

目的了解岱山县接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）服务人群的特征和艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染状况,为更有针对性地开展VCT工作提供科学依据。方法收集2010-2012年岱山县艾滋病自愿咨询点,接受VCT服务的人群资料并进行分析。结果共有1032人接受咨询检测服务,男女性别比为2.42∶1,以21~40岁青壮年占86.72%（895人）;求询者类型以非婚异性性行为占67.44%（696人）。接受HIV检测1032人,检出阳性5例,检出阳性率0.48%。配偶/固定性伴阳性者的阳性率最高为7.14%,其次有男男性行为史者为1.45%,有非婚异性性行为史者为0.43%。结论 VCT是发现HIV感染者的有效途径,开展干预的重要窗口,应针对不同人群进一步规范VCT服务,预防和减少艾滋病在社会上的传播。     

HIV Counseling and Testing Practices at an Urban Hospital in Kampala, Uganda

While the majority of medical inpatients in Uganda are assumed to be HIV-positive, HIV testing is limited in inpatient settings. This study describes HIV testing practices and risk behavior among medical inpatients at an urban hospital in Uganda. We interviewed 395 adults on the day of discharge. Overall, 46% tested for HIV before or during admission. Of the 20% tested during hospitalization, 64% were HIV-positive. Among 47% who had sex in the previous year, only 14% used condoms consistently and only 20% knew the HIV status of their sexual partner, indicating that participants would benefit from risk-reduction counseling. Yet, only 26% of participants tested during hospitalization received post-test counseling. Half of the participants with HIV-related illnesses left the hospital without being offered the test, a missed opportunity for HIV prevention counseling and care. The findings indicate that hospitals are important venues for HIV counseling and testing.     

HIV diagnosis and sexual risk behavior intentions among couple VCT clients in Ethiopia

This research examines whether members of HIV affected couples are more likely to change their abstinence and condom intentions than members of HIV- couples during couple voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). A total of 1260 couple VCT clients in Ethiopia were asked about their sexual risk behavior intentions for the next two months after pre-test and post-test counseling. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine whether the couple's HIV status was associated with changed intentions to abstain or use condoms between pre-test and post-test. Individuals belonging to male HIV+ serodiscordant couples (aRRR = 7.98, p < 0.001), female HIV+ serodiscordant couples (aRRR = 5.85, p < 0.001), and HIV+ concordant couples (aRRR = 3.12, p = 0.05) were more likely to have increased their intentions to abstain or use condoms in the next two months than individuals in HIV- concordant relationships. The couple's HIV status was not associated with decreased intentions to abstain or use condoms in the next two months. Counseling for all HIV affected couples should include practical information on obtaining and using condoms. This includes HIV affected couples who intend to abstain from sex, whether for a short or long period of time, so that they are prepared to have protected sex if their intentions change.     

深圳市MSM利用自愿咨询检测服务的影响因素

目的了解深圳市男男性行为人群（MSM）自愿咨询检测（VCT）的情况及其影响因素。方法对2005-2011年深圳市MSM接受VCT服务等的资料,进行Cochran-Armitage趋势检验和Logistic回归分析。结果 2005-2011年,共有5 232名MSM接受VCT服务,338人（6.46%）确认感染艾滋病病毒（HIV）,1 097人（20.97%）确认感染梅毒,既往VCT接受率呈逐年增加趋势（z=-15.479 8,P〈0.000 1）。单因素和多因素分析结果均显示,年龄≥30岁、大专及以上文化程度、曾经献血、性取向为同性恋及双性恋、梅毒感染阳性,是MSM既往接受VCT服务的促进因素;职业为待业/无业、工人和学生,是既往接受VCT服务的阻碍因素。结论应有针对性地对MSM进行VCT宣传教育,并充分发挥性病门诊在该人群VCT服务中的作用。     

Impact of a national HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) campaign on VCT in a rural hospital in Tanzania

Objective  To evaluate the impact of a national HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) campaign on presentation to HIV care in a rural population in Tanzania. Methods  Retrospective analysis of data of the VCT and of the National AIDS Control Programme registers of the St. Francis Designated District Hospital at Ifakara for the two 6‐month periods before (2007) and after (2008) the National VCT Campaign. Results  There were 4354 individuals presenting at St. Francis Hospital tested for HIV; 2065 (47.4%) before the VCT Campaign and 2289 (52.6%) afterwards. The overall HIV test positivity was 24.6% and higher in 2007 than in 2008 (26%vs. 23%, P = 0.034). This rate was much higher than the Tanzanian National HIV prevalence of 5.7%. Of 1069 individuals who tested HIV‐positive, the proportion of married, divorced or widowed individuals and those who lived further than 10 km from the hospital increased from 2007 to 2008. In 356 HIV‐infected persons with available data, the median CD4 cell count increased from 137 to 163 cells/mm³ (P = 0.058), while the WHO clinical stage was similar in both periods. Enroling into the National AIDS Control Programme was significantly more common in 2008 (42%vs. 30%, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, the only positive predictor of testing HIV positive when presenting for care after the National VCT Campaign was being married (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.21–2.15, P = 0.001) or divorced/widowed compared to single (OR 4.58, 95% CI 3.00–8.12, P < 0.001). Conclusions  Our results suggest that the National VCT Campaign raised awareness and readiness to test for HIV in a remote rural setting and that the HIV‐positive test rate is much higher in conjunction with a specific HIV care programme.     

Educational Attainment and HIV Status among Ethiopian Voluntary Counseling and Testing Clients

We examined the association between HIV infection and educational attainment level among a population of 34,512 voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clients in Ethiopia, using client data from the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE). Overall, more than 50 percent of the VCT clients report at least secondary level educational attainment, and HIV prevalence is 8.5 percent for men and 14.3 percent for women. HIV prevalence decreases significantly with each increase in education level for both men and women, and this association persists at secondary and higher education levels in the multivariate model. Male and female VCT clients with more than secondary level education are 58 percent and 66 percent (respectively) less likely to be HIV-positive than those with no education. HIV prevention and treatment interventions in Ethiopia should target less educated segments of the population including women, who have higher HIV prevalence and lower educational attainment than men.     

HIV voluntary counselling and testing in Nakuru, Kenya: findings from a community survey

OBJECTIVES: HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) is important for prevention, detection and treatment of HIV infection. A study was conducted to determine the extent of utilization of VCT, and to study the attitudes and preferences of the community regarding VCT. METHODS: A total of 301 adults, aged 18-49 years, residing in Nakuru, Kenya were randomly selected using a two-stage sampling process. A self-administered questionnaire delivered during home visits was used to collect data over a 4-week period. RESULTS: The majority of study participants (184 of 287; 64.1%) had never been tested for HIV; 77 (26.8%) had received VCT, and 26 (9.1%) had received HIV testing without counselling. A total of 219 (78.2%) of the 280 responding participants expressed readiness to have VCT. The majority of participants (216 of 296; 73%) preferred VCT, while 46 (15.5%) preferred testing without counselling. The majority (227; 76.7%) preferred couple testing and dedicated clinics and private doctors' offices as testing facilities. The choice of a nearby facility was ranked above the provision of anonymity by most participants (162 of 298; 54.4%; vice versa for 136 of 298; 45.6%). CONCLUSIONS: With HIV/AIDS continuing to be a major public health concern in Kenya, the issues surrounding acceptance and use of VCT need to be addressed. Enhancing community awareness of the benefits of early HIV diagnosis, providing couple-based VCT as an integral part of VCT and increasing access to VCT testing sites may enhance utilization of VCT.     

Using VCT statistics from Kenya in understanding the association between gender and HIV

This paper demonstrates the importance of utilising official statistics from the voluntary counselling and testing centres (VCT) to determine the association between gender and HIV infection rates in Kenya. The study design adopted was a record based survey of data collected from VCT sites in Kenya between the second quarter of 2001 and the second quarter of 2004. Of those who were tested, significantly more females tested positive (P<0.0001) and had twice as high a chance of being infected by HIV (Odds ratio 2.27 with CI 2.23 to 2.31) than males. We conclude that VCT statistics may lead to better planning of services and gender sensitive interventions if utilised well.     

山东省艾滋病自愿咨询检测现状分析

目的为了解山东省艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)门诊的建设情况,以及艾滋病咨询、检测工作现状,探讨影响高危人群接受艾滋病VCT服务的因素,为VCT工作的广泛开展提供有价值的信息。方法采用观察法、问卷调查、深入访谈及关键人物座谈进行调查。结果共调查了全省134个艾滋病自愿咨询检测点,其中81.9%的VCT点有专用、保密的咨询室;84.3%的门诊有HIV抗体筛查检测实验室;90%的门诊可以提供艾滋病热线电话咨询。76%的门诊现场开展了一定的工作,但检测前后咨询开展的很少。咨询室的可及性和保密性、人员配备、宣传工作及其他工作还存在问题。结论全省各地市艾滋病VCT门诊室的硬、软件建设均存在不足,尤其咨询人员缺乏,要充分认识VCT工作的重要性和紧迫性,创造条件促进VCT工作的广泛开展。     

深圳市南山区1998-2012年HIV/AIDS流行情况分析

目的 了解15年来深圳市南山区HIV/AIDS监测和流行情况的变化趋势,分析流行因素,为今后防控措施的制定提供理论依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学研究方法分析深圳市南山区1998-2012年HIV/AIDS监测资料和调查资料.结果 病例报告数呈快速增长趋势,累计报告750例HIV/AIDS患者,其中20～40岁占多数,以外地流动人口为主;性传播是区内目前最主要的感染途径,占全部病例的74.80％,男男同性传播感染比例为38.27％.HIV/AIDS患者能够得到综合管理及免费抗病毒治疗.免费抗病毒治疗后,患者病死率从18.78％下降到3.35％.结论 近年来性传播途径感染者逐渐增加,疫情已向一般人群发展,新发现即进入发病期的感染者逐渐增多,老年男性感染者和男男同性性行为感染者增加较快.因此,应进一步加大宣传教育和防控力度,增强人群的自我保护意识.