对经导管主动脉瓣植入术后患者监护室的临床护理

目的讨论对经导管主动脉瓣植入术(TAVI)术后患者的护理方法。方法对2012年4月-2013年8月25例行TAVI术后患者返回冠心病监护病房(CCU)的临床护理方法予以回顾和总结。结果 25例患者在CCU期间,1例合并腹壁后血肿,1例并发上消化道大出血,1例腹股沟股动脉切开部位大出血,1例腹股沟动脉穿刺部位轻度渗血,1例右侧颈外静脉置管处皮肤感染,2例右上肢桡动脉有创血压监测接头松脱出血,经采用相关处置措施后均得以控制。患者待各项生命体征稳定后,均顺利转出CCU,在CCU监护时间14~243 h,平均29 h。结论 TAVI术后患者,应严密病情观察,严格遵循护理操作规程,及时发现和正确处理相关并发症,方能使患者安全渡过危险期。     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术三例

1病例介绍例1男,80岁。因"反复呼吸困难,伴胸闷不适2年"入院,既往有"高血压"病史。主动脉瓣听诊区闻及收缩期杂音,向双侧颈部传导。心脏彩色多普勒超声(彩超)提示重度主动脉瓣狭窄,冠状动脉造影未见明显异常。例2女,73岁。因"反复呼吸困难3个月"入院,既往有     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术中的护理

目的分析总结经导管主动脉瓣置入的术中护理要点,以指导临床术中护理。方法回顾性分析2012年4月-5月新开展经股动脉逆行法经导管主动脉瓣置入术3例患者的临床资料。术前备齐手术用物及急救药品、术中协助患者正确体位,准确使用临时起搏器、除颤仪、认真做好病情及并发症观察和护理,总结术中临床护理方法。结果经导管主动脉瓣置入手术顺利成功,术中护理效果满意,无因物品或药品准备不齐及护理不当而影响手术进程、造成患者意外损伤及并发症发生。结论经导管主动脉瓣置入术,术前备齐相应的导管导丝,术中操作规范细致、及时、准确传递用物、认真进行临床观察和护理,手术顺利、成功无不良事件发生及并发症发生。     

39例主动脉瓣重度狭窄经导管主动脉瓣植入患者术后并发症的护理

总结39例主动脉瓣重度狭窄经导管主动脉瓣植入术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI)治疗患者术后并发症的观察和护理.针对术后可能出现的心律失常、瓣周漏、血管并发症、急性肾功能损伤、呼吸道并发症,全面评估患者术前基础状况及合并症,结合TAVI手术治疗的特点,围术期严格...     

经导管主动脉瓣置入术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的护理

目的探讨经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者的术后护理体会。方法对7例主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者在经导管主动脉瓣植入术后进行有效、正确的护理。结果 7例患者中,6例预后良好。结论临床中经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者值得推荐,术后有效、正确的护理是确保手术成功的关键。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术患者二例的护理

目的探讨经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI)患者的护理方法。方法回顾性分析2011年2月在解放军总医院心血管内科行经导管主动脉瓣置换术的2例主动脉瓣狭窄(aortic valve stenosis,AS)患者的病例资料,并总结临床护理方法。结果 2例患者均有明确手术指征,术后有1例患者恢复良好,另1例患者出现心脏压塞、室颤、大面积脑梗死等并发症。结论 TAVI术是一种新技术,密切观察患者的病情变化及时发现并处理并发症,有利于患者的康复。     

经导管主动脉瓣植入术治疗主动脉瓣狭窄2例的围术期护理

<正>主动脉瓣狭窄作为老年人常见的心脏瓣膜病,在西方国家是仅次于冠心病与高血压病的第三位心血管疾病[1]。主动脉瓣置换术对于高龄、合并疾病较多的患者,手术风险高,创伤大,存在术后瓣膜反流等缺陷。经导管主动脉瓣植入术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI)[2]为诸多生理、心理上不能承受手术风险的主动脉瓣狭窄患者提供了新的治疗手段。2013年     

一例主动脉瓣狭窄行经导管主动脉瓣植入术患者的护理

总结1例主动脉瓣狭窄行经导管主动脉瓣植入术患者的护理,围绕患者高龄、术前合并症较多的问题采取控制血压、血糖,着重神志的观察、起搏器的应用及护理等护理措施,患者顺利康复。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后并发症护理进展

心脏瓣膜疾病近年呈逐年上升趋势。经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR）因具有手术创伤小、术后恢复快等优势,已成为主动脉瓣重度狭窄患者的一线手术方式。在TAVR飞速发展的背景下,TAVR术后并发症却严重影响手术成功率及患者预后。因此,TAVR术后并发症预防与护理工作尤为重要。该文将结合国内外现状,对TAVR术后心律失常、血管并发症、瓣周漏、脑卒中、急性肾衰竭等并发症的评估、预防与护理作一综述,以增强临床医护工作者对并发症的认识及护理。     

多层螺旋CT在经导管主动脉瓣植入术中的应用

近年来,经导管主动脉瓣植入术（TAVI）为临床治疗外科手术禁忌的重度高危主动脉瓣狭窄提供了新的选择。治疗前全方位评估患者心脏和大血管的解剖有助于选择合适的TAVI手术方式、降低手术风险。MSCT具有高时间分辨率、高空间分辨率及单次即可完成大范围覆盖扫描等优点,可为TAVI提供更全面的信息。本文对MSCT在TAVI术前评估及术后随访中的应用予以综述。     

24例经导管主动脉瓣植入术中并发症的观察及护理

共24例主动脉瓣重度狭窄的患者,行经导管主动脉瓣植入术均获成功。术中发生并发症4例,1例室性颤动,2例血管并发症,1例腹膜后血肿,3例Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,经及时处置均手术成功。因该组患者高龄、病情重、手术风险高,需备齐术中所需物品、药品;术中做好手术配合,操作规范细致;密切观察心电图、血压、血氧饱和度的异常改变,以及穿刺点周围出血情况;设1名专门护士,重点做好临时起搏器及除颤仪的管理,一旦发生并发症,及时配合医生处理。认为护士应在术中熟练掌握监护仪、除颤仪、临时起搏器等仪器操作,熟悉手术进程,熟知术者每一操作配合要领及潜在的风险,及时发现并发症、有效配合抢救。     

Incidence and Predictors of Permanent Pacemaker Requirement after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation with a Self‐Expanding Bioprosthesis

Background: Previous reports have suggested the occurrence of cardiac conduction disorders and permanent pacemaker (PPM) requirement after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Based on a single‐center experience, we aim to assess the incidence of postprocedural conduction disorders, need for PPM, and its determinants after TAVI with a self‐expanding bioprosthesis. Methods: From August 2007 to October 2009, 32 consecutive patients underwent TAVI with the Medtronic CoreValve (MCV) System (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA). Three patients paced at baseline and two cases of procedure‐related mortality were excluded. We analyzed the 12‐lead electrocardiogram at baseline, immediately after procedure and at discharge. Requirements for PPM were documented and potential clinical, electrophysiological, echocardiographic, and procedural predictors of PPM requirement were studied. Results: After TAVI, eight patients (29.6%) required PPM implantation due to high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block. The prevalence of left bundle branch block increased from 13.8% to 57.7% directly after implantation (P = 0.001). Need for PPM was correlated to the depth of prosthesis implantation (r = 0.590; P = 0.001). At a cutoff point of 10.1 mm, the likelihood of pacemaker could be predicted with 87.5% sensitivity and 74% specificity and a receiver operator characteristic curve area of 0.86 ± 0.07 (P = 0.003). Of the seven patients with preexisting right bundle branch block (RBBB), four (57.1%) required PPM implantation after TAVI. Conclusions: High‐grade AV block requiring PPM implantation is a common complication following TAVI and could be predicted by a deeper implantation of the prosthesis. Patients with preexisting RBBB also seem to be at risk for the development of high‐grade AV block and subsequent pacemaker implantation. (PACE 2010; 1364–1372)     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术后肺动脉压力的变化

目的应用超声心动图评估重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVI)术后肺动脉压力(PASP)的变化。方法入选94例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者,均成功完成TAVI手术。根据术前PASP分为两组,无肺动脉高压组(PASP<40mmHg)和肺动脉高压组(PASP≥40mmHg)。结果TAVI术后,无肺动脉高压组和肺动脉高压组PASP均降低。肺动脉高压组具有更小的主动脉瓣面积[(0.58±0.16vs 0.67±0.16)cm^2,P=0.014],更高的主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差[(60.8±17.3vs 53.9±17.2)mmHg,P=0.035],中度以上二尖瓣反流[(11.6vs 3.9)%,P<0.001]和中度以上三尖瓣反流[(13.9vs 1.9)%,P<0.001]发生率更高。结论TAVI术后1年,肺动脉压力明显降低。     

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Clinical Update for Nurse Practitioners

Aortic stenosis is one of the most prevalent types of valvular heart disease in the United States, and nurse practitioners in multiple practice settings can play a vital role in the care of these patients. Early identification and treatment are key to improved patient outcomes. Treatment options have advanced over the last decade and include a less invasive procedure called transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The purpose of this article is to improve nurse practitioner’s knowledge of aortic stenosis, discuss treatment options with a focus on transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and provide their patients with an improved quality and longevity of life.