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1.
目的 探讨在毕赤酵母中表达的恶性疟原虫重组蛋白次黄嘌呤-鸟嘌呤-黄嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶(HGXPRT)诱导小鼠产生的免疫原性和免疫保护作用。 方法 35只BALB/c小鼠随机分为HGXPRT+ISA720实验组、HGXPRT+福氏佐剂试验组、ISA720对照组、福氏佐剂对照组和空白对照组等5组。HGXPRT(50 μg/200 μl)经小鼠后腿皮下免疫3次,间隔3周。每次免疫后2周尾静脉采血,ELISA检测血清特异性抗体水平。以间接免疫荧光试验(IFAT)分析免疫血清对恶性疟原虫天然抗原的识别情况。于末次免疫后10 d,各组小鼠经腹腔攻击感染约氏疟原虫致死株105个,继而每隔1 d采尾血制薄血片,观察原虫感染的动态变化。 结果 重组蛋白HGXPRT经与佐剂乳化后免疫的小鼠均诱导出针对HGXPRT的体液免疫应答,3次免疫后血清中特异性抗体滴度达到1∶105以上,而两佐剂组和空白对照组小鼠均未产生特异性抗体。经HGXPRT诱导血清能识别恶性疟原虫天然HGXPRT抗原。经约氏疟原虫致死株攻击感染后4 d,两佐剂对照组和空白对照组疟原虫感染高峰相比实验组提前1 d。HGXPRT+ISA720实验组平均原虫率(29.3%)明显低于ISA720对照组(70.0%)和空白对照组(70.0%)(P<0.05);HGXPRT+福氏佐剂实验组平均原虫率(51.0%)亦明显低于福氏佐剂对照组(60.7%)与空白对照组(70.0%)(P<0.05)。 结论 恶性疟原虫重组蛋白HGXPRT对小鼠有较强的免疫原性,产生的抗体能识别恶性疟原虫HGXPRT天然蛋白,并对疟原虫攻击感染后的小鼠有一定免疫保护作用。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨日本血吸虫Sj26基因转染的树突状细胞(DC)对日本血吸虫感染的保护性免疫作用机制。 方法 BALB/c小鼠48只随机均分4组, 于小鼠耳廓分别注射细胞悬液(浓度1×106/ml)0.2 ml, A组注射Sj26基因转染的DC、B组注射质粒pcDNA3转染的DC、 C组注射未处理的DC, D组注射RPMI-1640。共免疫3次,间隔2周。末次免疫后2周,每鼠经皮肤感染40±2条尾蚴。分别于免疫前、末次免疫后第 2 周以及攻击感染后第 6 周采血, ELISA法检测血清IgG抗体、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平,免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测血清特异性抗Sj26 IgG抗体,双夹心ELISA法检测脾淋巴细胞经伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)和可溶性虫卵抗原(SEA)刺激后培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4含量。噻唑蓝法(MTT)检测脾淋巴细胞增殖情况。 结果 A组血清IgG抗体水平(吸光度A491值),免疫后(A491=0.117)显著高于免疫前(A491=0.049)(t=2.73,P<0.05),也显著高于B组(A491=0.061)和C组(A491=0.058)(t值为2.48和2.56,P<0.05)。A组血清能特异识别血吸虫成虫抗原Mr 26 000蛋白。血清IL-4水平,各组免疫前、后均无明显变化。 IFN-γ水平,A组血清免疫后为(101.4±4.9)pg/ml, 明显高于免疫前的(15.0±1.9) pg/ml(t=5.80,P<0.01),亦高于免疫后的B组(40.1±3.1) pg/ml和C组(35.6±1.2) pg/ml (t值为3.98和4.13,P<0.01)。脾淋巴细胞经ConA刺激诱生的IFN-γ, A组(171.2 pg/ml)显著高于 D组(91.0 pg/ml)(t=4.25,P<0.01)。 经SEA刺激诱生的IFN-γ, A组(70.8 pg/ml)显著高于D组(49.7 pg/ml)(t=2.83,P<0.01)。经ConA刺激诱生的IL-4水平,A组(79.7 pg/ml)明显低于D组(125.2 pg/ml)(t=4.40, P<0.01)。经SEA刺激诱生的IL-4,A组(50.7 pg/ml)明显低于D组(70.5 pg/ml)(t=2.62,P<0.05)。A组脾淋巴细胞经ConA和SEA刺激后的刺激指数分别为4.1和2.82,均高于其他各组(与D组比较,t=3.20, P<0.01和t=2.15,P<0.05)。 结论 Sj26基因转染的树突状细胞免疫小鼠主要诱导Th1型免疫应答。  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨中国大陆株日本血吸虫磷酸丙糖异构酶-热激蛋白(SjCTPI-Hsp70)DNA疫苗联合佐剂白细胞介素-12(IL-12)质粒DNA对水牛的免疫保护作用。 方法 实验采用双盲法,所用疫苗及制剂均在实验结束后解码。将购自非血吸虫病流行区45头8~10月龄健康水牛随机分为 A组(SjCTPI-Hsp70+IL-12,300 μg)、B组(SjCTPI+IL-12, 300 μg)和C组(空质粒pVAX+IL-12, 300 μg)等3组(每组15头),每头牛分别经肩部肌肉注射免疫3次,每次间隔28 d。末次免疫后28 d,每头牛经大腿内侧皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴1 000条。解剖前2 d及当天分别收集粪便1次,用定量法计数虫卵和毛蚴。攻击感染后56 d解剖,用生理盐水经胸主动脉灌冲法收集、计数成虫,检测每克肝组织虫卵数。 结果 A、B组减虫率分别为51.2%和41.5%(χ2=1.89,P>0.05),减雌虫率分别为48.9%和44.7%(χ2=0.35,P>0.05),减粪卵率分别为52.1%和38.3%(χ2=3.84,P<0.05),减毛蚴率为52.1%和33.2%(χ2=7.30,P<0.01)及减肝卵率为61.5%和42.0%(χ2=7.61,P<0.01)。 结论 用SjCTPI?鄄Hsp70+IL-12免疫水牛可获得一定的免疫保护性作用。  相似文献   

4.
弓形虫ROP2核酸疫苗免疫保护作用的研究   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
目的 研究ROP2核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护作用。 方法 42只BALB/c小鼠随机分为3组:实验组、空质粒组和PBS对照组,各组小鼠分别肌注pc-DNA3-ROP2重组质粒50 μg、pc-DNA3空质粒50 μg和PBS 50 μl,共免疫3次,每次间隔3周,末次接种量均加倍。末次免疫后2周,各组分别取4只小鼠的血清、脾和淋巴组织,检测CD4+、CD8+ 及各细胞因子。其余各组每鼠腹腔攻击感染RH株弓形虫速殖子500个,观察其存活时间等。 结果 ROP2核酸疫苗能诱发小鼠产生细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,小鼠血清抗体滴度高并能识别由基因重组体外诱导表达的ROP2蛋白抗原;实验组小鼠的CD4+T细胞增殖明显(69.5±3.4)%、CD4+/CD8+ 比值显著升高(4.69±1.32)%(P<0.01);其脾、淋巴结细胞培养液及血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-6、IL-12、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)均有不同程度的升高,尤其是血清中升高最为显著。弓形虫攻击感染180 h后,实验组小鼠免疫保护率为88.9%,与对照组相比,小鼠存活时间明显延长、初始死亡时间明显推迟(P<0.01)。 结论 ROP2核酸疫苗具有较强的免疫原性,能产生良好的免疫保护作用。  相似文献   

5.
目的 观察弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠诱导的肠黏膜和系统免疫应答及其抗弓形虫感染作用。方法 BALB/c小鼠52只随机分为两组(每组26只),免疫组小鼠用弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗(每毫升含可溶性速殖子抗原1 mg, 霍乱毒素50 μg) 20 μl/只滴鼻免疫2次,间隔2周;对照组用等剂量PBS滴鼻。末次免疫后14 d,各组处死6只,摘眼球取血(0.5~1 ml);取直肠内粪便(4~5粒),ELISA测定血清IgG和粪IgA抗体;分别计数脾组织、派伊尔集合淋巴结(PP)和肠上皮淋巴细胞(IEL),免疫细胞化学法检测各组织中CD4+、CD8+ T细胞亚群水平。用RH株弓形虫速殖子(4×104个/只)灌胃攻击感染各组其余小鼠,30 d后颈椎脱位处死,计数肝、脑组织速殖子虫荷。 结果 免疫后14 d,免疫组小鼠血清IgG和粪IgA抗体水平(分别为0.224和0.371),显著高于对照组(分别为0.041和0.037)(P<0.05),脾、PP和IEL中T淋巴细胞与对照组相比明显增生(P<0.01),其中脾、PP中CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞增殖显著(P<0.05),IEL中以CD8+ T细胞为主,增殖显著(P<0.01),CD4+/CD8+ 比值降低(P<0.05)。攻击后30 d,免疫组小鼠存活率(85.0%)显著高于对照组(45.0%)(P<0.05)。免疫组肝、脑组织速殖子数比对照组分别减少86.3%、86.7%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 弓形虫复合黏膜疫苗鼻内免疫小鼠,能有效诱导黏膜和系统免疫应答,小鼠存活率显著提高,肝、脑组织虫荷显著降低。  相似文献   

6.
目的 观察约氏疟原虫(P.yoelii) 17XL感染DBA/2小鼠的免疫应答机制及免疫效应的动态变化。方法 1×106 P.yoelii 17XL感染的红细胞经腹腔接种DBA/2小鼠, ELISA测定血清白细胞介素-12 (IL-12)、干扰素-γ( IFN-γ)、IL-4和IL-10的水平以及特异性抗体IgG水平。Griess反应检测脾细胞培养上清中一氧化氮(NO)含量。检测小鼠原虫血症、单核细胞百分率,观测其吞噬疟原虫现象。结果 感染小鼠第9天原虫血症高达46.9%,多数小鼠于感染后第20天左右自愈。感染后第6至16天,外周血查见有吞噬作用的单核细胞。感染后第1天起, IL-12水平开始升高; IFN-γ于第6天达最高水平, IL-4和IL-10分别于第9天和第15天达最高水平。脾细胞培养上清NO含量,分别于第6天和第20天显著升高。血清中特异性抗体IgG水平呈增高趋势,至第70天达最高水平。结论 Th1细胞的有效活化对遏制原虫血症和最终清除疟原虫具有重要意义。约氏疟原虫感染早期,单核-巨噬细胞对原虫血症的遏制起到关键作用。  相似文献   

7.
目的 合成伯氏疟原虫红内期融合抗原基因PbCP-2.9,在毕赤酵母真核系统中表达其产物,并进行免疫原性分析。 方法 选取与恶性疟原虫红内期融合抗原基因PfCP-2.9具有同源性的伯氏疟原虫AMA1(Ⅲ)和MSP1-19序列,融合形成PbCP-2.9基因。基因序列经密码子优化,在毕赤酵母中分泌表达。60只BABL/c小鼠均分为6组,其中蛋白免疫组3组,分别用PbCP-2.9蛋白与福氏佐剂、ISA206和IMS1312佐剂乳化后,皮下注射免疫小鼠,抗原免疫剂量20 μg/只·次,注射体积200 μl,共免疫3次,每次间隔2周。佐剂对照组3组,以 PBS代替免疫抗原同法免疫。免疫前及每次免疫后1周鼠尾取血,分离血清。用ELISA和IFAT方法检测血清中特异性抗体的滴度及其与天然抗原的反应结果。 结果 PbCP-2.9基因在毕赤酵母中分泌表达出Mr约26 400的 PbCP-2.9蛋白,其与抗伯氏疟原虫红内期原虫的血清能进行特异性反应;ELISA检测PbCP-2.9蛋白免疫组结果表明,福氏佐剂组第2次免疫后特异性抗体滴度为(52.62±11.26), 第3次免疫后为( 94.50±52.84); ISA206 组第2次免疫后为(7.59±5.61), 第3次免疫后为( 25.60±16.92) ; IMS1312组第2次免疫后为(9.41±8.86), 第3次免疫后为( 28.92±12.98)。福氏佐剂组第2次免疫后特异性抗体滴度分别为ISA206 组的6.9和IMS1312组的5.6倍(F=81.06,P<0.01),第3次免疫后分别为ISA206 组的3.7和IMS1312组的3.3倍(F=13.29,P<0.01)。IFAT检测结果显示,经PbCP-2.9免疫的鼠血清与Pb ANKA株虫体表面抗原有阳性反应。 结论 PbCP-2.9基因在毕赤酵母中高效表达,重组抗原免疫原性强,其免疫血清能识别伯氏疟原虫天然抗原。  相似文献   

8.
目的 表达伯氏疟原虫顶端膜抗原1(PbAMA-1)胞外区E及其各亚区,分析其免疫原性和免疫保护作用。 方法 抽提伯氏疟原虫基因组,对PbAMA-1基因测序,依据该序列采用毕赤酵母密码子使用频率重新设计PbA-MA-1基因序列。将其胞外区E分为3个彼此重叠的基因片段DⅠ、DⅡ和 DⅢ并进行优化,人工合成后在大肠埃希菌中诱导表达。表达产物经纯化和重折叠,分别与福氏佐剂乳化后免疫小鼠和家兔, 均免疫3次, 间隔2周。每次免疫剂量, 小鼠为20μg, 家兔为100 μg。ELISA检测抗体效价,并以疟原虫攻击实验确定各抗原的免疫保护效果。 结果 测得的PbAMA-1基因序列与Sanger测序中心公布的序列完全一致。密码子优化并人工合成的DⅠ、DⅡ、DⅢ 和E目的基因片段在大肠埃希菌表达载体pET32a均获得诱导表达,经十二烷基磺酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析,各目的基因表达产物大小与预计的相对分子质量Mr 44 300、Mr 33 300、Mr 29 900和Mr 67 200相一致。表达产物经镍离子螯合柱(Ni-NTA柱)纯化和谷胱甘肽(GSH)氧化还原法体外重折叠,蛋白纯度达90%以上, 各纯化的重组蛋白在小鼠体内均激发产生高滴度抗体。其中,完整的胞外区E第3次免疫后抗体滴度为(34.4±0.15)×10-4,与其他组相比,免疫原性较其他各亚区更强(t=5.66,P<0.01;t=2.27,P<0.05和t=5.05,P<0.01)。取家兔免疫血清与感染伯氏疟原虫ANKA株的小鼠血膜抗原片进行间接荧光抗体试验(IFAT),均为阳性,其中抗E的抗血清免疫荧光强度最高,与ELISA检测的抗体水平一致。取家兔抗血清对小鼠伯氏疟原虫粗提抗原进行蛋白质印迹(Western blot)分析,产生特异性反应条带,表明能够识别天然的PbAMA-1蛋白。免疫小鼠在以伯氏疟原虫攻击实验中得到部分保护,DⅠ、DⅡ、DⅢ 和E各免疫组小鼠与佐剂对照组相比,存活时间明显延长(t=2.78,P<0.05;t=2.67,P<0.05;t=3.46,P<0.01和t=3.50,P<0.01)。 结论 人工合成的PbAMA-1具有良好的免疫原性和免疫保护作用,完整的胞外区E较其各亚区表现出更好的免疫原性。  相似文献   

9.
目的 探讨旋毛虫Ts21重组蛋白的免疫诊断价值及免疫保护作用。 方法 应用旋毛虫Ts21重组蛋白ELISA(Ts21-LISA)与肌幼虫ES抗原ELISA(ES-LISA)对旋毛虫病与其他寄生虫病患者血清及5种旋毛虫(T1、T2、T3、T4和T7)感染小鼠血清进行检测,并观察不同剂量旋毛虫感染小鼠后不同时间的血清抗体水平。将Ts21重组蛋白皮下注射免疫小鼠(20 μg/只,免疫3次,每次间隔10 d),末次免疫后10 d,每只小鼠用300条旋毛虫肌幼虫经口攻击感染,3.5 d和42 d 后剖杀,观察肠道成虫与肌幼虫数并计算减虫率。 结果 Ts21-LISA检测旋毛虫病、并殖吸虫病、囊尾蚴病及棘球蚴病患者血清的抗体阳性率分别为94.7%(18/19)、15.8%(3/19)、9.1%(1/11)和7.7%(1/13),与血吸虫病、华支睾吸虫病患者血清及健康人血清无交叉反应;Ts21重组蛋白与ES抗原ELISA检测旋毛虫病患者血清抗体的敏感性与特异性差异均无统计学意义(χ2=0,P>0.05;χ2=0.358,P>0.05)。Ts21重组蛋白与ES抗原检测T1感染小鼠血清的敏感性差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.104,P>0.05),与T2、T3、T4、T7感染小鼠血清的交叉反应率明显低于ES抗原(χ2=17.069,P<0.05)。小鼠感染300条旋毛虫后4 周,应用Ts21-LISA检测的血清抗体阳性率为100%(10/10);小鼠感染5条旋毛虫后6周,血清抗体阳性率为100%(10/10)。Ts21重组蛋白免疫小鼠用旋毛虫攻击感染后3.5 d和42 d,肠道成虫与肌幼虫减虫率分别为42.71%和49.8%。 结论 Ts21重组蛋白可用于旋毛虫病的血清学检测,但不能忽视与并殖吸虫病、囊尾蚴病及棘球蚴病患者血清的交叉反应。  相似文献   

10.
用非致死性约氏疟原虫对C57BL/6J、NIH和ICR小鼠进行初次感染和对初次感染阴转后的NIH小鼠再次感染,观察其原虫血症并测定小鼠感染过程中其脾脏淋巴细胞在Con A或约氏疟原虫抗原诱生的白细胞介素-2(IL-2)水平。结果:(1)C57BL/6J、NIH和ICR小鼠感染前Con A诱生的IL-2水平(SI的X±SE)分别为223.71±19.32、122.13±28.91和72.76±30.60,初次感染后最高原虫血症(%的X±SE)分别为2.70±0.29、14.50±2.75和31.30±1.80;提示,这3种小鼠感染前固有的Con A诱生的IL-2水平高低可能影响其对约氏疟原虫初次感染的易感性。(2)NIH小鼠初次接种约氏疟原虫后34d,抗原诱生的IL-2才出现;而再次接种后d_3、d_(19)IL-2水平升高,并使这些小鼠对再次感染有明显的抵抗力。这提示抗原诱生的IL-2与鼠疟保护性免疫的调节有关。  相似文献   

11.
目的 :探讨日本血吸虫未成熟虫卵的 2 6/ 2 8k Da抗原 ( SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da)诱导小鼠产生抗雌虫生殖免疫的效果。方法 :采用纯化的 SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da抗原以及 SIEA- I抗原 ,分别免疫BAL B/ c小鼠 ,于攻击感染后 4 6d进行粪卵、组织内虫卵定量。结果 :证明 SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da抗原能诱导小鼠产生抑制雌虫生殖的免疫力。与对照组比较 ,SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da抗原免疫鼠减虫虽不明显 ,但肝组织内总卵数、成熟卵数和粪卵数 ( EPG)分别减少 4 8.1%、83.6%、87.3% ,死亡卵数明显增加 ( P<0 .0 0 1)。此外 ,未纯化的 SIEA和纯化的 SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da抗原免疫组均见雌虫子宫内虫卵数下降 ,分别达 4 0 .9%、54.8% ,而 SEA和 SIEA- I抗原免疫未见上述效应。结论 :提示抗雌虫生殖免疫和抗卵胚发育的效应 ,主要与 SIEA2 6/ 2 8k Da蛋白组分有关。  相似文献   

12.
Low numbers of parasites from cloned lines of the rodent malaria parasites, Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS and P. yoelii yoelii A, injected into CBA/Ca mice produce acute but usually self-limiting infections. During crisis, i.e. 1-2 days after peak parasitaemia, 'pre-immune' mice experiencing such 'background' infections were reinfected intravenously with homologous parasites or parasites of heterologous strains or species. P. c. chabaudi AS pre-immune mice controlled an AS challenge with essentially the same kinetics as the background infection. Reinfection of AS pre-immune mice with the heterologous (CB and IP-PCI) P. c. chabaudi strains or P. chabaudi adami DS had little effect on the initial growth of these parasites, although eventually the parasitaemia was controlled. In contrast, a partial inhibitory effect on the growth of P. vinckei lentum DS was evident. Challenge with the non-lethal (A) or lethal (YM) variants of P. y. yoelii resulted in an increase in both the growth and virulence of these parasites. P. y. yoelii A pre-immune mice controlled a homologous challenge, but were less effective at controlling the YM variant. In addition, they were unable to clear rapidly a P. c. chabaudi AS or P. v. lentum DS challenge. Both the multiplication and virulence of P. berghei ANKA were enhanced. These findings demonstrate that resolution of the primary acute parasitaemia in P. c. chabaudi AS- and P. y. yoelii A-infected mice is predominantly mediated by species- and strain-specific mechanisms.  相似文献   

13.
用53kDa抗原单独或加佐剂经不同途径、以不同剂量免疫BALB/c小鼠,再用约氏疟原虫非致死株105PRBc/只攻击,观察各组小鼠血原虫率变化,比较血清抗体水平。53kDa抗原20μg/只加福氏完全佐剂经腹腔注射免疫2次可使小鼠产生有效的免疫保护。以腹腔注射产生的保护作用最好。  相似文献   

14.
约氏疟原虫保护性抗原快速蛋白液相色谱法纯化及鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:建立制备级纯化约氏疟原虫(P.y.)保护性抗原的新方法。方法:应用快速蛋白液相色谱系统(FPLC),将重度感染P.y.的BALB/c小鼠血液中提取的粗抗原,首先用SephacrylS-200凝胶色谱柱进行分离,收集活性组分,再用DEAE-40HR阴离子交换色谱柱进一步纯化。结果:一次上样量约200mg,可得到纯化抗原14mg。经SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)测定抗原纯度>90%,抗原分子量为53kDa。结论:动物实验证明,该抗原具有很好的保护作用。该法操作比亲和色谱法简单,制备量大于亲和色谱法和高效液相色谱法(HPLC),纯化效率和纯度与HPLC法相似,一次纯化周期仅需3h,是P.y.抗原纯化的高效方法。  相似文献   

15.
The protective effect of affinity purified antigen has been investigated in an experimental model for malaria which shows a well marked recrudescence of parasitaemia, a feature of the disease in man. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing an epitope common to two genetically distinct cloned lines of Plasmodium chabaudi (AS and CB), was used to purify a Mr250,000 polymorphic schizont antigen (PSA) from these parasites. The purified preparations were then examined for the presence of specific and cross-reactive epitopes by immunoprecipitation with a panel of MoAb raised against P. chabaudi AS. When tested previously on smears of parasitized blood by immunofluorescence, or against lysates of parasitized erythrocytes by immunoprecipitation, most of these MoAb had been found to be AS specific. When either AS or CB affinity purified Mr250,000 PSA was used as the target, these same MoAb immunoprecipitated both antigens, and in some cases, a number of associated polypeptides (AP) which copurify with the Mr250,000 PSA. Subsequently, mice were immunized with either the purified AS or CB antigens in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). Prechallenge sera were compared by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Sera from mice immunized with AS antigen reacted strongly with AS and cross-reacted with CB parasite preparations. Pre-challenge serum from CB antigen immunized mice reacted well with CB, but only faintly with AS preparations. In mice immunized with the AS antigen and then challenged with either AS or CB parasites, the initial parasitaemias were delayed in appearance and the height of the peak parasitaemia reduced, an effect which was most pronounced after challenge with homologous parasites. Only homologous challenge of the mice immunized with CB antigen produced statistically significant modification of the initial parasitaemia. In the immunized mice challenged with homologous parasites, the delayed appearance and slightly reduced peak of the primary parasitaemia was associated with delayed resolution of the patent parasitaemia and significant enhancement of the recrudescence.  相似文献   

16.
We have used a murine model to study the kinetics of cross-protection when a primary infection is halted at different times. We analysed how parasitaemia is modified during a second infection with the homologous parasite, a heterologous parasite, or a mixture of the two. In addition, possible mechanisms involved in cross-protection were analysed. Results show that treatment with pyrimethamine on day 5 during a primary infection with P. chabaudi AS (non-lethal), prevents the generation of cross-protection to a new challenge with lethal P. yoelii 17XL. In contrast, when treatment is on day 7, mice survive a P. yoelii infection. Differences between both groups suggest that in order for 'preimmune' mice to survive a lethal challenge, a predominantly TH2-type response is required, with a higher mRNA expression level of IL-4 and IL-10, and a lower mRNA expression of IFN-gamma. This work shows that an early treatment of a malaria infection produced by a non-lethal parasite drives the immune response towards a loss of cross-protection to further infections, in particular with more virulent parasites. This finding should be taken into account for the development of effective malaria vaccines.  相似文献   

17.
Two synthetic polypeptides containing multiple B- and T-cell epitopes derived from the conserved regions of two vaccine candidate antigens namely MSA-1 and RESA of human malarial parasite P. falciparum were studied for immunogenicity and protectivity. Both constructs elicited strong antibody and lymphocyte proliferation responses in BALB/c mice immunized with the carrier-free peptides. In an ELISA, these peptides also bound antibodies present in the sera from the P. vivax infected humans as well as from the P. yoelii infected mice. Significantly, our data showed that immunization of mice with these P. falciparum peptide could impart partial protection against P. yoelii challenge infection. Our finding that synthetic peptides representing portions of P. falciparum antigens were capable of stimulating protective immune responses against rodent malaria suggests that murine malaria model P. yoelii may provide a suitable system for primary screening of potentially protective synthetic immunogens.  相似文献   

18.
Immunization of mice with irradiated Onchocerca volvulus infective stage larvae (L3) has been demonstrated to confer protection against challenge infections with these larvae. Additionally, cytokine level measurements and cytokine depletion studies have shown that both IL-4 and IL-5 are important in generating a protective immune response against O. volvulus challenge infections, thus suggesting a dependency of protective immunity on IgG1, IgE and/or eosinophils. In the present study, we examined the humoral responses of immunized mice to O. volvulus L3 antigens. ELISA measurements of total serum antibody levels indicated that IgE was the only antibody isotype elevated in mice immunized with O. volvulus L3. IgM from immunized mice was the only isotype that recognized surface antigens on intact O. volvulus L3. IgG1, IgG3, IgE and IgA recognized internal parasite antigens on O. volvulus L3 frozen sections. Western blot analysis of L3 proteins showed that in serum from mice immunized with O. volvulus L3 IgG1, IgG2a/2b, IgA, and IgE, as well as IgM, recognized unique L3 proteins. Antibodies in serum from L3 immunized mice were able to detect O. volvulus adult antigens in a pattern similar to the recognition found in O. volvulus L3. Some L3 antigens were shared by adults, while other antigens were L3 specific. The ELISA, immunohistochemistry and Western blot findings thus demonstrate a complex pattern of antigen recognition of parasite antigens by antibodies found in mice immune to the L3 of O. volvulus  相似文献   

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