手术治疗男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤73例临床分析

目的分析男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤的临床特点,探讨其综合治疗方法。方法回顾性分析73例经手术治疗男性泌乳素腺瘤病人的临床资料。根据血清泌乳素水平,分为泌乳素≥200 ng/ml组(n=59)及泌乳素<200 ng/ml组(n=14),分析两组的临床和病理特点。结果泌乳素≥200 ng/ml组病人的性功能障碍发生率明显高于泌乳素<200 ng/ml组(P<0.05)。泌乳素与肿瘤平均直径具有相关性(r=0.747,P<0.01)。肿瘤全切37例,大部切除36例。术后病理证实均为垂体泌乳素腺瘤,其中55例为侵袭性腺瘤。术后性功能恢复正常者29例,视力、视野改善者31例。术后辅助药物治疗58例。随访65例,时间36个月,复发11例。结论男性泌乳素腺瘤多呈侵袭性生长,肿瘤大小与泌乳素水平呈正相关。对于压迫症状较重、肿瘤囊变、肿瘤卒中的男性病人,手术联合药物综合治疗是合理选择。     

男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤手术治疗疗效分析

目的总结男性垂体泌乳素(PRL)腺瘤的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析102例行手术治疗的男性垂体PRL腺瘤病人的临床资料。平均年龄36.55岁。血清泌乳素63.5～150000ng/ml,肿瘤最大径4～70mm。本组头痛50例,视力障碍47例,视野缺损41例,性功能障碍59例。根据Knosp分级方法,其中侵袭性腺瘤60例。结果肿瘤全切除56例,次全切除46例。经手术及综合治疗后,PRL水平降至正常15例(14.71%),明显下降21例(20.59%);性功能障碍恢复正常17例,头痛消失或明显改善38例,视力障碍恢复正常或改善39例,视野缺损恢复正常或改善37例。结论男性PRL腺瘤病人具有年龄高、肿瘤大且多呈侵袭性生长及PRL水平高等特点,单纯手术治疗疗效差,难以取得满意效果。应结合病人具体情况,采用手术、药物及放射治疗等综合治疗方法。     

经蝶手术对男性青壮年垂体泌乳素腺瘤患者性腺功能的影响（附70例分析）

目的：探讨经蝶垂体泌乳素腺瘤切除手术对男性青壮年患者性腺功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析复旦大学附属华山医院神经外科2005年10月至2007年11月接受经蝶手术的70例男性青壮年（18-45岁）垂体泌乳素腺瘤（平均年龄36．4岁）患者的年龄和性别分布情况、发病特点、肿瘤分型、治疗与预后等情况。确诊主要依靠血泌乳素与MRI及术后病理检查;随访其术后内分泌指标及MRI以及患者的性功能恢复情况。结果：70例男性患者中垂体大腺瘤者56例,肿瘤具有侵袭性者28／70例（40％）;患者治愈率为55．7％（39／70）,未愈为44．3％（31／70）;患者性功能恢复正常者16／70例（22．9％）,部分改善者23／70例（32．9％）,无改善者31／70例（44．3％）。结论：在男性青壮年垂体泌乳素瘤患者中,大腺瘤所占比例较高,巨大型及侵袭性大腺瘤的比例也较高。男性垂体微腺瘤患者手术后性功能恢复良好,巨大型及侵袭性垂体腺瘤患者手术后性功能恢复不佳。     

泌乳素腺瘤的影像表现和临床特点的相关研究

目的探讨泌乳素腺瘤在不同性别患者中的影像特点,泌乳素水平,临床表现和治疗效果之间的关系。方法选择在我科手术治疗的84例(男23,女61)泌乳素腺瘤患者为研究对象,按照性别、肿瘤生长方式、血清泌乳素水平分类,与其临床表现和预后进行对比研究。结果男性患者中高泌乳素者(69.6%)明显多于女性(40.9%)。高泌乳素组中,男性患者均为广泛侵袭性生长的巨大腺瘤(100%)。女性高泌乳素组中,肿瘤大小与激素关系不明显而与生长方式相关。女性泌乳素腺瘤患者的治疗效果明显优于男性。结论垂体泌乳素腺瘤患者术前的激素水平、影像特点和肿瘤生长方式的综合评估对合理选择治疗方法、改善预后有着重要意义。     

男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤的诊断和治疗

男性泌乳素腺瘤发病率较低,但与女性相比,男性泌乳素腺瘤患者具有就诊年龄高、肿瘤大、泌乳素水平高和肿瘤侵袭性生长等特点。临床多表现为性功能障碍、视野缺损和头痛等症状,而乳房发育、泌乳者较少。治疗上整体效果较差,尤其是对溴隐停耐药的患者,手术和放疗均难取得满意效果。     

术前影像学在垂体泌乳素腺瘤治疗中的意义

目的垂体泌乳素腺瘤临床治疗策略各家观点不一。本文旨在分析总结影像学在该疾病治疗策略确定中的潜在作用。方法对5年间326例垂体泌乳素腺瘤病例的临床表现、影像学特点、治疗策略的确定及疗效预后进行回顾性分析。结果平均年龄男性41．6岁，女性32．3岁。男性肿瘤直径平均38．05mm，其中83．3％肿瘤呈侵袭性生长，在女性则为15．25mm和49％。手术组平均血清泌乳素（PRL）水平男性1875．22ng／ml，女性376．6ng／ml。术后，男性降至385．84ng／ml（P〈0．05），女性PRL降至23．93ng／ml（P〈0．05）。微腺瘤不孕者术后受孕率达75％，高于药物治疗组33．33％（P〈0．05）。结论对于影像学上存在明显病灶的病例，显微手术可取得良好疗效，若术后血清激素控制不良或海绵窦残留侵袭肿瘤的病例可考虑辅助药物或放射治疗。对于影像学明确提示微腺瘤，尤其是有生育要求的女性病例，积极的显微手术可取得较好疗效。     

经蝶窦显微手术治疗男性泌乳素腺瘤的长期随访分析

目的评价经蝶窦显微外科手术治疗男性泌乳素腺瘤的长期疗效。方法回顾性分析了52例经蝶窦显微手术及病理证实的男性泌乳素腺瘤的临床资料和长期随访结果。结果52例患者平均病程7．2年，性功能障碍31例，视力视野障碍25例，头痛6例。肿瘤大于4cm有17例。手术采用经蝶人路，全切除36例，次全切除11例，大部分及部分切除5例。随访3-17年（平均5．6年），视力视野改善20例，性功能改善10例。术后随访复查CT或MRI提示肿瘤消失37例，残留静止8例，复发7例。结论经蝶人路显微手术是首选手术治疗方法；术后PRL水平、肿瘤的大小以及术中肿瘤切除程度是影响长期疗效的重要因素，但术后PRL水平是预测预后的最好因素。     

男性垂体泌乳素混合腺瘤的诊断与治疗

目的总结男性垂体泌乳素混合腺瘤的诊断与治疗。方法回顾性分析1 84例手术治疗的男性垂体泌乳素腺瘤病人的临床资料。单纯泌乳素腺瘤85例,混合腺瘤99例,其中生长激素-泌乳素混合腺瘤79例(79.8%)。统计分析单纯泌乳素腺瘤和混合腺瘤的临床特征、激素水平、影像学特点和疗效。结果混合腺瘤与单纯泌乳素腺瘤病人的平均年龄、平均病程、临床表现、手术前后泌乳素水平、肿瘤大小均无统计学差异(P0.05),混合腺瘤蝶窦或鞍旁生长的比例更高(P0.05),随访完全缓解比例更低(P0.05)。混合腺瘤与单纯泌乳素腺瘤的全切除、K i-67指数、症状改善、复发情况无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论垂体泌乳素混合腺瘤的诊断需要结合病人临床表现、内分泌激素检查及术后病理。与单纯泌乳素腺瘤相比,混合腺瘤的发病年龄、肿瘤大小、手术全切比例、术后复发无明显差异。     

经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术后严重颅内感染合并脑积水2例

<正>经鼻蝶入路手术已成为垂体腺瘤公认的首选手术方法。2013年1月至2016年4月收治经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术后发生严重颅内感染合并脑积水2例,现报道如下。1病例资料病例1:男,38岁,因性功能障碍4年、视物模糊1个月入院。入院时体格检查:左眼视力0.5,右眼视力0.1;双颞侧视野偏盲。血清激素水平:泌乳素200 ng/ml,睾酮1.42 ng/ml,     

垂体泌乳素腺瘤诊疗中常见问题及解决方案

<正>垂体泌乳素腺瘤是导致高泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)血症的常见原因。垂体PRL腺瘤一方面可以出现头痛、视力视野改变等肿瘤压迫症状;另一方面,高PRL血症会引起一些特殊的内分泌功能紊乱表现,如女性患者继发性闭经、不孕、泌乳等,男性患者性功能障碍、不育、男性乳房女性化、泌乳等。虽然垂体PRL腺瘤的诊疗已经趋于成熟,但是在临床诊疗过程中仍然存在一些问题,现总结如下。1诊断和鉴别诊断的常见问题1.1高PRL血症和垂体PRL腺瘤神经外科常见因     

Improvement in hyperprolactinemia and reproductive comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia switched from conventional antipsychotics or risperidone to olanzapine

This open-label, prospective, 4-month study in hyperprolactinemic patients with schizophrenia explored whether prolactin levels decrease after switching antipsychotic therapy to olanzapine. A secondary objective was to determine if reproductive morbidities and sexual dysfunction occurring with hyperprolactinemia improved with prolactin normalization. Clinically stable patients with schizophrenia, who had hyperprolactinemia defined as >18.8 ng/ml for males and >24.2 ng/ml for females, were randomized to: remain on current therapy (n=27) or switch to olanzapine, 5-20 mg/day, (n=27). Baseline prolactin levels in female patients randomized to receive olanzapine (n=14) were 66.3+/-38.7 ng/ml and were 82.0+/-37.6 (p=.32) in those remaining on their pre-study antipsychotic medication (n=14). In male patients, baseline prolactin levels were 33.7+/-12.1 and 33.5+/-13.8 ng/ml (p=.97), respectively, for those randomized to olanzapine (n=13) or remaining on pre-study treatment (n=13). At study end, patients switched to olanzapine experienced significant reductions in mean serum prolactin levels of 19.8+/-18.1 ng/ml in males (p=.02), and 32.3+/-47.5 ng/ml in females (p=.01), but prolactin continued to be elevated in patients who remained on pre-study antipsychotic treatment. After switching to olanzapine treatment, male patients experienced significantly (p=.03) increased free testosterone levels but there were no significant improvements in total testosterone levels; some female patients experienced improved menstrual cycling, as well as resolution of galactorrhea and gynecomastia, and sexual functioning was significantly improved in both genders. Patients switched to olanzapine, as well as those remaining on their pre-study medication, maintained clinical stability, their symptoms continued to improve, although there were no significant between-treatment differences in improvement. Treatment-emergent adverse events did occur in both treatment groups; however, they were not significantly different between groups. Olanzapine-treated patients experienced significantly lower eosinophil counts and higher elevations in low-density lipoproteins and standing blood pressure than non-switched patients. Olanzapine treatment may offer sustained reduction in serum prolactin and improvement in sexual and reproductive comorbid symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who have treatment-emergent hyperprolactinemia.     

Treatments of multi-invasive giant prolactinoma.

We present a 68-year-old male patient with an exceptionally aggressive tumour which invaded to the skull base, cavernous sinus, nasopharynx, sphenoid sinus, pituitary fossa, bilateral parasellar regions, premedullary cistern, and left infratemporal fossa. Headache was the only symptom. The serum prolactin level was 95,973 ng/ml. The patient was treated by right subfrontal craniotomy with removal of the tumour. Because it did not respond well to surgical treatment and the electron micrograph showed abundant secretory granules in some parts of the specimen, post-operative radiotherapy and bromocriptine therapy were instituted. After combined therapies and a long-term follow-up, only little residual pituitary tumour was seen with serum prolactin progressively dropped to 717 ng/ml with no obvious symptoms. The histological findings, the ideal treatments and the clinical course of multi-invasive giant prolactinoma will be discussed.     

Prolactinoma with preferential infrasellar extension: a report of two cases.

The authors describe two male patients with prolactinomas which were incidentally found either during the course of a complete work up for headache or after minor head trauma. Since these tumours were located mainly in the sphenoid bone and did not show any upward growth to the suprasellar region, they were initially thought to be a primary skull base tumour; however, the serum prolactin levels of these patients were 1,179 ng/ml and 3,260 ng/ml, respectively. The authors thus emphasise the need to recognise this peculiar infrasellar growth pattern of prolactinoma.     

Sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in Japanese schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction, evaluated by the Nagoya Sexual Function Questionnaire (NSFQ), and hyperprolactinemia in patients with schizophrenia and examine a relationship between sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin levels. This cross-sectional, comparative study was performed using a sample comprising 195 Japanese schizophrenic in- and outpatients treated with antipsychotics (117 males and 78 females). Data were collected from October 2009 to January 2010 using single, cross-sectional ratings of sexual function assessed by the NSFQ and concurrent measurement of serum prolactin levels. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia was high (males 66.7%; females 79.5%). Hyperprolactinemia (>25ng/ml) was highly prevalent among schizophrenia patients, affecting 53.8% of females and 51.3% of males. Among female patients, 16.7% had prolactin levels>100ng/ml. There was no relationship between sexual dysfunction and serum prolactin levels. The present study demonstrated a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia in Japanese schizophrenia patients. Clinicians should keep these problems in mind and discuss potential solutions with patients to improve patients' quality of life and adherence to therapy.     

Improvement of serum prolactin and sexual function after switching to aripiprazole from risperidone in schizophrenia: a case series

This study examined prolactin levels, sexual function and clinical improvement after switching to aripiprazole from risperidone. Nine schizophrenic male Chinese patients who reported risperidone-induced sexual dysfunction were studied. Clinical Global Impression Scale Scores for Severity (CGI-S), Clinical Global Impression Scale Scores for Improvement (CGI-I), Arizona Sexual Experience Scale results and serum prolactin concentrations were determined over 16 weeks. After treatment with aripiprazole, all patients showed reduced serum prolactin (26.54 ± 17.03 ng/mL to 3.71 ± 1.87 ng/mL, P=0.008) and five reported improved sexual function. Mean baseline CGI-S (5.11 ± 0.93) decreased to 3.78 ± 1.39 (P=0.010) by week 16. Compared to baseline (4.0), the mean CGI-I significantly declined by the end of the study (3.44 ± 0.53, P=0.025).     

Elevated prolactin serum levels and history of alcohol withdrawal seizures

BACKGROUND: Prolactin has been discussed to be useful for differential diagnosis in epilepsia. Aim of the present study was to investigate the association between prolactin serum levels and previous alcohol withdrawal seizures. METHODS: We assessed 118 male patients admitted for detoxification treatment. Previous withdrawal seizures were recorded and prolactin serum levels were measured using an enzymatic immunoassay. RESULTS: Patients with a history of alcohol withdrawal seizures had significantly higher prolactin levels (17.8 ng/ml, SD=12.1) than patients without previous seizures (13.0 ng/ml, SD=8.1, p<0.05). Logistic regression revealed significant predictive qualities for prolactin serum levels (B=0.05, Wald=5.30, p=0.021, OR=1.06, 95%CI=1.01-1.11). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show an association between elevated prolactin serum levels and a history of withdrawal seizures. Hence, the results suggest that prolactin elevation at admission may be a clinical marker for an increased risk of withdrawal seizures.