异构体（R，R）-XY和（S，S）-XY对兔眼血流的影响

目的：研究两组异构体（R，R）-XY-1到（R，R）-XY-12以及（S，S）-XY-1到（S，S）-XY-12对兔眼血流的影响。 方法：用彩色微球技术测量兔眼在高眼压下（40mmHg）各组织的血流情况。 结果：12个（R，R）-XY化合物以10g／L，50μL的剂量滴入兔眼，其中4个化合物可提高脉络膜血流。所有（S，S）-XY系列的化合物对兔眼血流没有影响。 结论：（R，R）-XY系列中一些化合物可以增加兔眼血流，这些可能对眼部血流降低相关疾病的防治有作用。在24个化合物中，（R，R）-XY-1和（R，R）-XY-9最有药效。     

(R,R)-XY-10和(S,S)-XY-10诱导的视网膜色素上皮细胞增生作用及其作用机制(英文)

目的:观察(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10对视网膜色素上皮细胞的增生作用,并且进一步的研究其作用机制。但(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10对人脐静脉内皮细胞并无增生的作用。方法:通过人视网膜色素上皮细胞(ARPE-19)和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)研究(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10对视网膜色素上皮细胞的增生作用,并且采用ERK、KT、PI3K、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)抑制剂来研究其作用机制。结果:(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10促进了ARPE-19细胞的增生,并具有剂量依赖性,但是对HUVECs细胞没有影响。如果同时加入增生抑制剂H7 (5μmol/L)、金丝桃素(20μmol/L)、PD98059(2μmol/L)、LY294002(50μmol/L)、SH-5(10μmol/L)和L-NAME (100μmol/L),则给予H7、金丝桃素、PD98059和LY294002各组的增生作用受到了抑制,而给予SH-5和L-NAME两组的增生作用没有影响。结论:(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10能够诱导ARPE-19细胞增生,其作用可能是通过MAPK和PI3K的途径来发挥该作用。因此,(R, R)-XY-10和(S, S)-XY-10能通过修复损伤的RPE细胞来治疗老年性黄斑变性。     

ZX-5及其光学异构体对兔眼血流和大鼠视网膜功能恢复的影响

目的:研究ZX-5对缺血后视网膜功能的恢复作用,并比较其光学异构体(R,R)-ZX-5和(S,S)-ZX-5对脉络膜血流及缺血后视网膜功能恢复的影响。方法:用彩色微球技术研究兔高眼压下(40mmHg)脉络膜血流的变化。用视网膜电生理仪测量b波,评价大鼠缺血后视网膜功能的恢复情况。结果:10g/L(R,R)-ZX-5滴眼液50μL能在不同时间点提高脉络膜血流(P<0.05),而(S,S)-ZX-5在相同条件下对提高脉络膜血流没有影响。ZX-5和(R,R)-ZX-5在不同时间点对视网膜缺血后功能恢复作用明显(P<0.05),(R,R)-ZX-5的作用优于ZX-5;而(S,S)-ZX-5对缺血后视网膜功能的恢复作用不明显。结论:ZX-5和(R,R)-ZX-5对增加脉络膜血流量和促进视网膜功能的恢复有显著功效,(R,R)-ZX-5恢复视网膜功能的作用更强,有可能进一步开发成有效防治眼血流障碍相关性眼病的药物。     

柚皮素对大鼠眼血流和脉络膜新生血管的作用(英文)

目的:研究柚皮素对激光诱发大鼠脉络膜新生血管形成(CNV)、高眼压兔眼血流和缺血大鼠眼视网膜功能恢复的作用。方法:选择雄性棕色挪威大鼠,采用激光诱发Bruch膜破裂后,予10g/L(20mg/kg)柚皮素,1次/d,持续4wk;光凝后2,4wk分别做眼底荧光血管造影,评估CNV的形成。采用彩色微球技术、眼电生理技术检测兔眼血流和大鼠视网膜功能恢复。结果:与对照组比较,10g/L柚皮素能明显增加高眼压兔眼脉络膜血流(P<0.05),能明显增加缺血大鼠眼视网膜功能恢复(P<0.05),能明显减轻光凝点荧光素渗漏(75.8%～95.0%,P<0.01)。结论:柚皮素能抑制激光诱发大鼠络膜新生血管形成;增加高眼压兔眼脉络膜血流;增加缺血大鼠眼视网膜功能恢复。     

Z,E-butlidedephthalide对大鼠脉络膜新生血管和兔眼血流的影响

目的:研究Z,E-butylidedephthalide(Bdph)对激光诱导的大鼠脉络膜新生血管(CNV)和兔眼脉络膜血流的影响.方法:雄性Brown Norway大鼠行Nd:YAG激光诱导眼底Bruch膜破裂,而后分别予30 mg/kg和15 mg/kg Bdph 1 次/d腹腔注射,连续4 wk.2 wk及4 wk末行眼底荧光血管造影检查.4 wk末制作脉络膜平片测量新生血管的面积.用1 g/L Z,E-butylidenephthalide给雌性新西兰大白兔点眼,采用彩色微球技术测量大白兔眼部血流的变化.结果:和对照组相比,Bdph 30 mg/kg和15 mg/kg组大鼠眼底血管荧光渗漏明显减少,P＜0.01;在此两组中,眼底荧光血管造影测定的新生血管面积以及脉络膜平片测定的新生血管面积都比对照组减少.10 g/L Z,E-butylideneph-thalide滴入兔眼30和60 min后脉络膜血流均比对照组增加,P＜0.05.结论:Z,E-butylidedephthalide可以抑制大鼠脉络膜新生血管的生长,增强兔眼脉络膜血流,可能成为治疗年龄相关性黄斑变性的新药.     

局部麻醉对兔眼心反射和眼角膜愈合的影响(英文)

目的:在兔模型中利用局部麻醉来研究两种麻醉剂的眼心反射发生率及其预防,同时我们还研究了局部麻醉对角膜愈合的影响。方法:健康的成年新西兰白兔(雌雄皆有)48只,分成两组(A组和B组),分别用氯胺酮(A组,24例)、异丙酚(B组,24例)麻醉。在此双盲研究中,通过用或不用局部麻醉(40g/L利多卡因,5g/L盐酸丙美卡因,5g/L布比卡因)对眼睛的不同干预,记录各组眼心反射发生率。应用每种局部麻醉后,通过对眼睛的临床检查,组织病理学,胶原染色以及投射电子显微等方法对术后1d长达7d角膜毒性和愈合进行评估。结果:在氯胺酮的麻醉下未出现眼心反射,而在异丙酚的麻醉下,心率显著下降(P<0.01)。因此,局部麻醉可以成功地防止眼心反射的发生并且不影响角膜愈合。结论:局部麻醉没有任何局部副作用,可以被推荐用来预防眼心反射。     

18S rDNA的PCR扩增技术在棘阿米巴角膜炎临床诊断中的应用

目的:探讨利用聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术扩增棘阿米巴18S rDNA在角膜炎早期临床诊断应用中的可行性。方法:以18S rDNA为模板,利用特异性引物JDP1-JDP2配合PCR技术来检测临床标本中的棘阿米巴原虫。结果:在临床拟诊为棘阿米巴角膜炎的16例(16眼)中,通过PCR检测法有12眼证实为棘阿米巴原虫感染,同时100g/L KOH角膜刮片后镜检有5例发现了棘阿米巴包囊。两种诊断方法用Fisher确切概率法统计,P<0.05。结论:18S rDNA PCR技术对正确诊断早期棘阿米巴角膜炎有重要的临床应用价值。     

乙酰唑胺滴眼液降低兔眼压的作用

目的:考察加穿透促进剂氮酮的乙酰唑胺滴眼液对正常眼压兔眼的降眼压作用。方法:实验采用白色家兔,用Schitz眼压计进行眼压测定。分别给实验兔局部滴用1g/L氮酮、33g/L乙酰唑胺和1g/L氮酮 33g/L乙酰唑胺滴眼液50μL。在滴药前及滴药后0.5,1,2,3,4,5,6h测量眼压,在同样时间不滴药眼压作为基线眼压。结果:1g/L氮酮滴眼液对兔眼内压无影响。乙酰唑胺滴眼液在滴眼后1,2h均可降低眼压(P<0.05)。1g/L氮酮 33g/L乙酰唑胺滴眼液在滴眼后0.5,1,2,3,4h分别降低兔眼内压0.37,0.54,0.52,0.46,0.26kPa(P<0.01)。最大降眼压值是0.54kPa,下降率是24.3%。结论:加氮酮的乙酰唑胺滴眼液可有效地降低正常眼压白兔的眼内压。     

视网膜S抗原(一)

随着免疫学研究的深入,眼部疾病的免疫因素已逐渐被人们所认识,对视网膜S抗原(以下简称S—Ag)的研究愈来愈受到重视。Hess和Romer(1906)首次提出视网膜具有抗原性。近年来研究证实,视网膜组织特异性抗原主要有三种:(1)视网膜可溶性抗原、即S—Ag;(2)视网膜色素上皮抗原、即U抗原;(3)视紫红质分子脱辅基蛋白片断,即P抗原:对后两种抗原了     

单侧翼状胬肉患者50例泪液功能的改变(英文)

目的:检测泪液功能试验(SchirmerⅠtest,SⅠt)及泪膜破裂时间(tear filmbreak-up time,TBUT)在翼状胬肉患者中的改变。方法:筛选50例患者(100眼,50例翼状胬肉眼),行SⅠt及TBUT试验。结果:SⅠt试验在翼状胬肉眼的平均值为19.6±11.6 (1 ～40) mm,对照眼为17.2±10.6(1 ～35)mm,翼状胬肉眼中20例(40%)SⅠt试验结果异常,对照眼为21例(42%),其差异无统计学意义(P=075)。两组间差异无统计学意义(t=1.453,P=0.15)。TBUT在翼状胬肉眼及对照眼中分别为7.4±5.1 ( 2 ～20)s, 13.4±6.1 (2 ～25)s,两组间的差异有显著统计学意义(t=8.029,P<0.01)。翼状胬肉眼中TBUT异常的为39眼(78%),对照眼中为16眼(32%);差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:与对照眼相比较,SⅠt试验在翼状胬肉眼中差异无统计学意义,TBUT在翼状胬肉眼中有所下降。     

Proliferation of retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by (R,R)-XY-10 and (S,S)-XY-10 and their action mechanisms

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of proliferation effect induced by (R,R)-XY-10 and (S,S)-XY-10 on retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19). · METHODS: Human retinal pigmented epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to investigate the effect of (R,R)-XY-10 and (S,S)-XY-10 on cell growth, and their mechanisms of proliferative action by using ERK, AKT, PI3K, Protein kinase C (PKC) and Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors. · RESULTS: (R,R)-XY-10 and (S,S)-XY-10 dose-dependently increased ARPE-19 cell proliferation, but not on HUVECs. When treated with proliferative inhibitors, H-7 (5μmol/L), hypericin (20μmol/L), PD98059 (2μmol/L), LY294002 (50μmol/L), SH-5 (10μmol/L) and L-NAME (100μmol/L), the proliferative effect was reduced by H-7, hypericin, PD98059 and LY294002, but not by SH-5 and L-NAME. · CONCLUSION: (R,R)-XY-10 and (S,S)-XY-10 can induce cell proliferation through MAPK and PI3K dependent pathway.     

12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, an endogenous corneal arachidonate metabolite, lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits

12(R)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)HETE) is an endogenous corneal epithelial arachidonic acid metabolite formed by the cytochrome P450 system and a potent inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. We studied the effect of topically applied 12(R)HETE, either derived endogenously from corneal epithelium or synthetically prepared, on the IOP of the rabbit eye and compared it to its stereoisomer 12(S)HETE. Topical application of 1 microgram of biologically derived 12(R)HETE to both eyes of rabbits resulted in a marked reduction in IOP: a reduction of 4-7 mmHg occurred within 30-120 min. The IOP reduction effect of a single application of 12(R)HETE was long-lasting (9 days), whereas no effect on IOP was found for the vehicle control. Using synthetic compound, we demonstrated that the effect of 12(R)HETE on IOP is dose-dependent. Single topical application of 1, 10, and 50 micrograms of 12(R)HETE caused a reduction in IOP of 4, 6, and 12 mmHg, respectively. The stereoisomer, 12(S)HETE, did not have any effect on IOP at doses up to 5 micrograms. The IOP reduction effect of 12(R)HETE was not associated with hyperemia, appearance of flare, miotic response, or increased protein concentration of the aqueous humor. This study was the first to demonstrate that an endogenous inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase generated by the corneal epithelium potently and specifically lowers IOP in rabbits. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism by which 12(R)HETE lowers IOP.     

Effects of N-nitropyrazoles on ocular blood flow of rabbits and retinal function recovery of rat eyes after ischemic insults.

Twelve compounds of N-nitropyrazoles were studied for their effects on ocular blood flow in rabbits and retinal function recovery in rat eyes after ischemic insults. Of the twelve N-nitropyrazoles examined, nine increased choroidal blood flow while five increased retinal blood flow significantly. On the other hand, all twelve compounds increased blood flow in iris and ciliary muscle without exception. As for retinal function recovery after ischemic insult in rat eyes, eight out of the twelve compounds showed more significant facilitation than the control. The structure activity relationship of the N-nitropyrazoles to increase ocular blood flow and to facilitate retinal function recovery after ischemic insults were discussed.     

羊膜移植治疗早期眼表碱性化学伤的临床观察

目的:探讨新鲜人羊膜移植术对中重度早期眼表碱烧伤的临床效果。方法:对32例41眼中重度早期眼表碱烧伤进行单层或多层羊膜移植术,联合局部给予典必殊眼液及眼膏点眼,术后随访6～18(平均12)mo。结果:Ⅱ～Ⅲ度眼表碱烧伤29眼,角膜上皮愈合良好。Ⅳ度烧伤12眼,6眼角膜上皮愈合良好,5眼发生持续性上皮糜烂,1眼角膜溶解穿孔,所有病例均无排斥反应及睑球粘连。结论:单纯羊膜移植术是Ⅱ～Ⅲ度早期眼表碱烧伤简单有效的治疗方法,但对Ⅳ度烧伤者疗效欠佳。     

Ocular Blood Flow Changes in Behçet Disease Patients with/without Thrombotic Disease

ABSTRACT

In this study, the authors aimed to evaluate ocular blood flow changes in Behçet disease (BD) with and without thrombotic disease. Ninety eyes of 90 patients with a diagnosis of BD (30 eyes with active uveitis, 23 eyes with inactive uveitis, 25 eyes without ocular involvement, and 12 eyes without ocular involvement and with a history of thrombosis) and 30 eyes of 30 age- and sex-matched control patients without any systemic disease with a total of 120 eyes were evaluated. In all cases, ophthalmic, central retinal, and ciliary artery flow parameters were measured with colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDU). The ocular blood flow parameters of all vessels in patients with active uveitis were found to be affected. All the flow parameters in the CRAs of the study groups were significantly different from the control group (p?<?0.001). Additionally, in non-ocular BD patients with thrombosis, blood flow parameters were affected more than the parameters in non-ocular BD patients without thrombosis and control patients. In conclusion, major haemodynamic changes were observed using CDU in the ophthalmic vessels of ocular Behçet patients. Also, CDU may detect ocular blood flow alterations before initial ocular clinical manifestations appear in BD patients     

Effect of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation in normal volunteers]

PURPOSE: Using three different techniques of ocular blood flow measurement, we evaluated the effects of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation. METHODS: Twenty normal volunteers received one drop of levobunolol in one eye and one drop of placebo in the fellow eye. Retinal venous blood flow was measured using multiple scattering laser velocimetry. Retinal capillary blood flow and optic nerve head blood flow were measured by Heidelberg Retina Flowmeter. Pulsatile ocular blood flow was measured by ocular blood flow tonography. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate, retinal venous blood flow, retinal capillary blood flow, optic nerve head blood flow, intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow were detected from measurements taken at baseline and at 90 to 120 minutes following the instillation. RESULTS: Intraocular pressure decreased significantly in both eyes. Retinal capillary blood flow increased significantly in both eyes. Optic nerve head blood flow increased significantly in treated eyes but remained unchanged in placebo eyes. There were no significant changes in retinal venous blood flow or pulsatile ocular blood flow in either eyes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that one administration of levobunolol may increase the retinal and optic nerve circulation but does not decrease the choroidal circulation.     

Acute effect of latanoprost on pulsatile ocular blood flow in normal eyes

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an acute dose of 0.005% latanoprost on intraocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow in normal eyes. METHODS: Nineteen volunteers received a single dose (two drops) of latanoprost 0.005% in one eye and placebo in the fellow control eye, randomized and masked to the observer. Intraocular pressure, perfusion pressure, pulsatile ocular blood flow, and systemic circulatory parameters were measured before and 8 hours after dosing. RESULTS: The mean (+/- SE) intraocular pressure, perfusion pressure, and pulsatile ocular blood flow before treatment were 17 +/- 1 mm Hg, 46 +/- 3 mm Hg, and 13 +/- 1 microl per second, respectively, in both the treated and control eyes. The mean intraocular pressure reduction was 4.9 and 2.1 mm Hg (28% and 12%) in the treated and fellow eye, respectively. The mean perfusion pressure increase was 5.6 and 2.8 mm Hg (12% and 6%) in the treated and fellow eye, respectively. The mean pulsatile ocular blood flow increase was 2.7 and 0.2 microl per second (20% and 1%) in the treated and fellow eye, respectively. The treated eye change in pulsatile ocular blood flow was not correlated to the change in perfusion pressure. Simultaneous reduction of intraocular pressure and increase or no significant change in pulsatile ocular blood flow occurred in 15 of 19 (79%) of the treated eyes. The systemic blood pressure and pulse rates remained in normal ranges over the 8-hour period. CONCLUSION: In this study, topical latanoprost significantly reduces intraocular pressure and increases ocular blood flow in normal eyes 8 hours after dosing. These effects of latanoprost may be beneficial in the management of glaucoma patients.