振动作业者手部冷水试验红外图像测温

[目的]利用红外摄像结合冷水试验了解手臂振动对手部周围循环功能的影响。[方法]通过对振动作业工人50名（接振组），非接振健康工人50名（对照组），在冷水负荷前后，用KY-333型远红外摄像仪进行手部红外摄像，对图像分析并进行对比。[结果]冷水试验前，两组工人手部红外图像差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；冷水试验后接振组手指皮肤温度较对照组下降，复温时间延长（P〈0．01）。[结论]振动作业对手部周围循环功能有影响，红外摄像结合冷水试验可作为检查方法之一。     

10℃冷水试验方法在评价振动职业危害中的应用研究

研究１０℃冷水试验方法在评价振动职业危害中的应用。「方法」对白指病人、接振工人及对照工人进行冷水试验检查,用热电偶温度计测量冷试前后手部皮肤温度。「结果」白指病人和对照工人比较,在冷试前后手部皮肤温度和各时间的复温率均明显降低,而接振组和对照组比较,在１５ｍｉｎ、２０ｍｉｎ、３０ｍｉｎ的皮肤温度降低,各时间的复温率均组。各组间恢复到冷试前的人数有显著性差异。「结论」１０℃的冷水试验方法能用于评价振     

冷水负荷试验方法的改进研究

目的 对现行国家标准中所规定的冷水负荷试验(CWLT)方法进行改进研究.方法 选取90名健康青年人作为研究对象,按照不同研究目的 进行相应分组.对现行国家标准中规定的20℃环境温度、10℃冷水中浸手10min的CWLT方法进行改进,分别进行不同冷水温度、不同浸手时间、不同室温下CWLT后各组皮肤温度和复温率的测定,并与各自的对照组进行比较.结果 与现行国家标准中规定的CWLT结果比较,不同水温、不同浸手时间以及不同室温下CWLT后手部皮肤温度的恢复在总体上具有一致性,复温率异常率和复温异常率的差异亦无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 可在一定条件下改变现行国家标准中规定的CWLT环境温度、冷水温度和浸手时间,为国家标准的修订提供重要依据.     

手部红外图像和冷水试验在手传振动病健康监护中的应用

目的 通过手部红外摄像和冷水试验检查,确定手传振动对手部周围循环功能的影响。方法 通过对振动作业工人50名（接振组）,非接振健康工人50名（对照组）,在冷水负荷前后,用KY-333型远红外摄像仪进行手部红外摄像,对图像进行对比分析。结果 冷水试验前,两组工人手部红外图像差异无统计学意义;冷水试验后,手部红外图像变化显著,接振组手指5、10 min皮肤温度显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）,复温时间延长。结论 尚未发生振动性白指的接振工人中已经出现冷水试验的手部红外图像变化,表明手部红外图像分析对周围循环功能障碍具有早期识别和亚临床意义。     

冷水试验方法的改进

目的　改进冷水试验方法。方法　应用１０ ℃、１０ｍｉｎ 的冷水试验方法对白指病人、接振工人及对照工人手部皮温恢复情况进行比较。结果　白指病人和对照工人冷试前后手部皮肤温度和各时间的复温率均明显降低, 而接振组和对照组比较, 在１５ 、２０ 、３０ｍｉｎ 的皮温显著降低, 各时间的复温率均低于对照组。结论　１０ ℃、１０ｍｉｎ 的冷水试验方法能用于评价外周循环功能。     

手部红外图像结合冷水试验对周围循环功能的评价

目的　研究手传振动对周围循环功能的影响及其评价方法。方法　振动作业工人３７ 名（ 接振组） ,非接振健康工人３０ 名（ 对照组） ,在冷水负荷前后,用ＫＹ３３３ 型远红外摄像仪进行手部红外摄像,对图像进行对比分析。结果　冷试前两组工人手部红外图像差异无显著性;冷水试验后手部红外图像变化显著,接振组手指皮肤温度下降,复温时间延长。结论　手部红外摄像结合冷水负荷试验可以评价周围循环机能障碍的早期变化     

接振工人冷水激发试验中激光多普勒方法探讨

局部振动病是由于接触振动而引发的职业病,手的微循环障碍及手指发白是该病的主要特征,故也称为振动性白指,它是我国常见的一种职业病。冷水激发试验是诊断的重要依据,以往由于缺乏快速、动态、定量的微循环检测方法,因此只能以皮肤温度的变化作为反映微循环变化的间接指标。本文为国内首次利用激光多普勒方法对接触振动人群冷水激发试验的甲襞微循环进行动态、定量的观测,并就此进行了分析探讨。1 对象和方法1.1 对象 某厂铸工共48人,接触振动时间9～30年,年龄为     

手指皮肤温度测量和冷水负荷试验在手传振动职业危害研究中的应用

手指皮肤温度测量和冷水负荷(复温)试验(以下简称冷试)对于评价手传(局部)振动职业危害,诊断手臂振动病,是一种比较简便易行的方法,也是当前国内外有关标准中规定的必须检查的项目之一。这一方法是在一定条件下,用一定仪器,直接测量手指皮肤一定部位的温度,并结合一定的手部冷水浸泡(负荷),测量冷试前后的皮肤温度变化及其恢复情况,用以评价外周循环功能。冷试在手臂振动病防治研究中的应用,早年已有报道,目前已经积累了大量的研究资料。但是,其应用仪器、测量部位、控制条件、冷水温度、浸泡时间、负荷方法、复温指标、结果判断和评价标准等,至今也并未完全统一,有许多问题还有待今后研究解决。我们对国内外关于这一问题的研究进展做一概述,并提出今后研究的建议,供同道参考。     

医学生物实验室工艺用水输送系统的改建及应用

目的:为医学生物实验室提供纯化水、注射用水,同时解决纯蒸汽灭菌所存在的弊端。方法:对原有工艺用水系统进行改建,采用不锈钢管道化输送方式,严格按照中华人民共和国卫生部《药品生产质量管理规范》(GMP)要求设计、安装。结果:解决了工艺用水的使用要求和后序工艺设备及工艺用水分配系统自身的清洗、灭菌问题,达到了预期的目的。结论:工艺用水系统采用密闭循环式输送,在线清洗与灭菌,有效地控制了微生物污染且同时控制了细菌内毒素的水平,为安全使用工艺用水提供了可靠保障。     

Seasonal variation of circulatory and sensory functions during immersion test in cold water

For early diagnosis of vibration syndrome, peripheral circulation and sensory tests after cold water immersion of the upper extremities are being performed widely in Japan. The authors studied the seasonal effect on the immersion test and its influence on diagnosis of vibration syndrome. Eight healthy male subjects, aged from 28 to 39, were examined. The immersion tests were conducted in winter (February), spring (May), summer (August) and autumn (November) in Ube city, Japan (Table 1). The room temperatures were maintained at 10 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C during the tests at each season. As to the exposure-to-cold test, the left hand of subject was immersed in stirred water at 10 degrees C for ten minutes, and the changes of peripheral circulatory function and sensory function were measured. Peripheral circulatory function was assessed by the skin temperature of middle finger and the value of the nail press test on the index finger. Sensory function was assessed by 125 Hz vibratory sense threshold and pain threshold of the middle finger. The finger skin temperature was lower in autumn and winter, followed by spring, and highest in summer. In particular, the finger skin temperature in autumn was lower than that in winter at the condition of room temperature at 30 degrees C, which is considered to be less effected by heat content in the body (Fig. 1, Table 3). The frequency of the appearance of cold induced vasodilation was also lower in autumn than that in winter (Table 2). These findings suggest that the tonus of the vasoconstrictor in the skin vessels of finger is strongest in autumn, followed by winter. It is also suggested that the tonus remains slightly strong in spring and is weakest in summer. Furthermore, the seasonal variations in the value of the nail press test, vibratory sense threshold and pain threshold were observed at some points of measuring time during immersion test (Figs. 2-4). Of these, the variations in the value of the nail press test and vibratory sense threshold were considered to be secondary to the seasonal variation of peripheral circulatory function (Fig.6). The variation in pain threshold was considered to result from paresthesia developing in the lower room temperature at 10 degrees C. The pain of finger during immersion test was also effected by season but the range of variation was not significant (Fig.5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

A 4 degrees C-1 min method of cold water immersion test for peripheral circulatory function in fingers]

To assess the validity of a new simplified cold water immersion test (4 degrees C-1 min method) for peripheral circulatory function, comparison was made with the conventional method (10 degrees C-10 min method). These two different methods of cold immersion test were applied to 23 patients with vibration disease and 24 healthy men. Observation was made on finger skin temperature by a thermistor and complaints in the hand by a 5-step self-reported scale method every minute during the test. The patterns of recovery of skin temperature after cold immersion in each group were similar in both methods. Pain in the hand in the 4 degrees C-1 min method was less than that in the 10 degrees C-10 min method. The recovery rate at 5 min in the patients with Raynaud's phenomenon was lower than that in those without Raynaud's phenomenon in the 4 degrees C-1 min method (p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were noted in 10 degrees C-10 min method. The results suggest that the new method is feasible in detecting the response of vasodilation after immersion. In the recovery rate at 5 min after immersion, near values of the sensitivity and specificity were observed between 50% cut-off values in the 4 degrees C-1 min method and 30% value in the 10 degrees C-10 min method. Thus, the 4 degrees C-1 min method is considered to be more useful to evaluate the physiological response after cold immersion than the 10 degrees C-10 min method.     

Different conditions of cold water immersion test for diagnosing hand-arm vibration syndrome

The cold water immersion test with finger skin temperature (FST) measurement is used to assess vascular disorders in hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). The test method is currently being standardized within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in which a water temperature of 12°C for 5 min of hand immersion and an option of using a waterproof hand covering during immersion are proposed. It is necessary to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the test with FST measurement under different conditions to provide a proper management of HAVS patients. The aim of this article is to review research findings of this test with FST measurement and discuss test conditions influencing the results and diagnostic significance. Different conditions were employed, and the test results were shown to be influenced by water temperature, immersion time and other conditions such as room temperature, season, ischemia during immersion, and evaluation parameters. These factors need to be considered in the standardization of the cold water immersion test with FST measurement. It has been mentioned that a high water temperature, a short immersion time and other conditions should be chosen to expose a subject to minimal suffering during the test. A water temperature between 10°C and 15°C and a 5 min immersion might be suitable for the cold water immersion test. The reported sensitivity and specificity evaluating rewarming to the initial temperature for the test using a water temperature of 12°C and a 3 min immersion are 58% and 100%, respectively; these are low but similar to those for tlie water immersion test at 10°C. Therefore, the proposed cold water immersion test at 12°C for 5 min by the ISO (Draft International Standard) is the focus of much interest, and further studies are needed to obtain sufficient data for evaluating the diagnostic significance of the test. At present, the test needs to be used together with a test battery.     

Changes in the forearm tcPO2 following the cold water immersion test

The purpose of this study is to apply changes in forearm transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) during the cold water immersion test (5 degrees C, for 10 min) to the diagnosis of vibration syndrome. Forearm tcPO2 in healthy controls increased gradually up to 3 min after the start of the cold water immersion and decreased thereafter. It returned to almost the same level before immersion 5 min after the start. In the workers using vibrating tools manifesting Raynaud's phenomenon, forearm tcPO2 also increased up to 3 min after the start as in healthy controls, but no change was observed thereafter. The difference between the level of forearm tcPO2 at 3 min and that at 10 min after the start of the immersion (Forearm tcPO2 recovery index, newly devised by authors) in workers using vibrating tools was significantly lower than that in healthy controls. Therefore, investigation of changes in forearm tcPO2 following the cold water immersion test is considered to be a useful objective item which can contribute to the diagnosis of vibration syndrome.     

水中铝的简易测定方法

目的 针对我国农村水厂水质检验设备简陋、人员匮乏的现状,提出一种适用于农村水厂测定水中铝的简易方法.方法 在GB/T 8538-2008 《饮用天然矿泉水检测方法》中的铝试剂分光光度法基础上,增加沸水浴,以抗坏血酸粉末代替抗坏血酸溶液,对方法精密度、准确度、标准化试剂保存时间以及标准曲线的拟合进行实验研究.结果 采用简易方法测定水中铝结果与国家标准方法一致;方法的RSD范围为1.26％～1.75％,自来水加标回收率为85.4％～108％;标准化试剂约可保存1年;可使用拟合标准曲线或目视比色法,简化标准曲线的制作.结论 该方法简单快速准确,操作人员无需自行配制试剂和绘制标准曲线,直接测试样品,并能直接读取测试指标的浓度,适用于农村基层水质实验室的应用.     

Development of an improved system for monitoring the peripheral circulation and its application. Part 2. Its application to the cold water immersion test in workers using vibratory tools

Using an improved system for measuring skin blood flow by the thermal clearance curve, the change of the skin blood flow in the finger (finger blood flow) of the workers using vibratory tools induced by 10 degrees C cold water immersion for 10 min was observed in order to clarify the pathogenesis of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) from the aspect of peripheral circulatory function and simultaneously to demonstrate the efficiency of the system. The subjects constituted a group of 10 workers with VWF (VWF group) and 10 healthy workers without a history of hand-arm symptoms (control group). Ages and years of exposure to vibration in the two group were almost equal. The results were as follows. 1) While the finger blood flow in the control group was remarkably decreased at 1 min after the immersion, the decrease in the VWF group was low as compared with that in the control group. This result shows that vasoconstriction just after the immersion in VWF patients is not as great as that in the control group. 2) The finger blood flow in the control group at 5 min after the immersion was increased. In contrast no increase in the VWF group was observed. These results showed that cold-induced vasodilatation (CIVD) in VWF patients diminished. 3) An increase of the finger blood flow at 1 min after stopping the immersion was observed in the VWF group. These results suggest that the property of reaction to cold in VWF patients is not excessive vasoconstriction as has been hypothesized, but the diminution of CIVD. Apart from 10 workers of VWF group, observing the change of the finger blood flow in a case in which VWF was provoked by the immersion, the author found an abnormal decrease of the finger blood flow at 5 min after the immersion. This finding supports the hypothesis that the diminution of CIVD plays an important role in VWF attack as well. Concerning the characteristics of peripheral circulatory function in VWF patients, it can therefore be considered that its reaction in VWF attack is vasospasms, while the reaction to cold is the diminution of CIVD in the non-attack phase. The cold water immersion test using the system was recognized to be useful for diagnostic examination because the estimation of finger blood flows at both measuring points, 1 min and 5 min after the immersion, could fairly well discriminate VWF patients from healthy workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)