Combined surgery, phacoemulsification, implantation of intraocular lens and pars plana vitrectomy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness, technical feasibility and incidence of complications after combining pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The results of combined vitreoretinal and cataract surgery in 100 eyes of 96 patients were retrospectively and prospectively analyzed. The mean follow-up period was 8.4 months. All patients had clinically significant lens opacities and vitreoretinal pathology requiring pars plana vitrectomy. Indications for vitreoretinal surgery included: persistent vitreous haemorrhage (28 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage combined with tractional retinal detachment (50 eyes), tractional retinal detachment without vitreous haemorrhage caused by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (7 eyes), rheumatogenous retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (10 eyes) and dislocated crystalline lens in the vitreous (5 eyes). RESULTS: Postoperatively, best corrected visual acuity improved in 81 eyes (81%)- by two lines or more in 31 eyes (31%) - by less than two lines in 50 eyes (50%). In 14 eyes (14%) visual acuity was unchanged and was worse in 5 cases (5%). Postoperative complications included fibrin reaction, posterior synechias of the iris, vitreous hemorrhage, neovascular glaucoma, posterior capsule opacification, redetachment of retina. CONCLUSIONS: Our cases confirm previous study, that performing phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and vitrectomy in one operation is safe and allows visual recovery with good technical results.     

Combined phacoemulsification,pars plana vitrectomy,and foldable intraocular lens implantation

We describe a technique for combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery using sutureless sclerocorneal and sclerotomy incisions and a foldable intraocular lens. This technique, with its variations for cases with and without gas-fluid exchange, was successfully performed in 40 consecutive cases over a 5-month period. No significant complications related to the surgical procedures were encountered. The rationale and advantages of this technique are discussed.     

Surgical results of combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results and complications of combined pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA), and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. METHODS: A total of 117 eyes from 114 patients who had undergone PPV combined with PEA and IOL implantation were retrospectively analyzed. Combined surgery was performed for a wide variety of vitreoretinal diseases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were also reviewed. RESULTS: The postoperative BCVA improved by 2 lines or more in 85 eyes (72.6%). Intraoperative complications consisted of retinal tears in 14 eyes (12.0%) and posterior capsular rupture in 2 eyes (1.7%). Iatrogenic retinal tears occurred more frequently in eyes with a macular hole than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.005, chi-square test). Postoperative complications consisted of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) (21 eyes), transient IOP elevation (29 eyes), vitreous hemorrhage (6 eyes), anterior chamber fibrin exudation (11 eyes), posterior iris synechia (8 eyes), neovascular glaucoma (1 eye), and recurrent retinal detachment (RD) (2 eyes). Fibrin exudation occurred more frequently in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and RD than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). PCO occurred more frequently in eyes with PDR than in eyes with any other disease (p=0.03, chi-square test). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that a high success rate can be achieved when recently improved PPV techniques are combined wi th PEA and IOL implantation. The complications that were observed following this combined treatment varied with respect to the vitreoretinal disease present prior to surgery.     

Combined pars plana vitrectomy and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of combined vitrectomies and intraocular lens implantations in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from procedures on 117 eyes (91 patients) undergoing combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation for the complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were analyzed retrospectively. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 64 months (median = 25 months). RESULTS: Retinal tears were the most frequent intraoperative problems (19%). Limited postoperative fibrin formation occurred in 22% of eyes. Within 6 months, 7% developed glaucoma and 2% showed new anterior segment rubeosis. Overall, 10% underwent secondary surgical procedures as follows: lavage for hemorrhage (n = 3), silicone oil exchange after 7 days for focal rebleeding (n = 1), silicone oil surgery for retinal detachment after gas resorption (n = 1), and lavage for late vitreous hemorrhage (7 to 13 months) (n = 4). Half of the secondary procedures were necessitated within 3 months of the original surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Combined surgery in proliferative diabetic retinopathy is safe and effective. It should be considered when lens opacities are either present or likely to develop soon.     

Simultaneous phacoemulsification, posterior chamber lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy

The aim of the study was to present current knowledge in the field of combined surgery: phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy.     

玻璃体切除术后白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术

目的：探讨玻璃体切除术后的白内障超声乳化手术的可行性、临床特点及特殊手术方法。方法：共21例患者(21只眼)在玻璃体切除手术7～27个月后接受超声乳化手术，回顾分析其术中操作困难因素、并发症和视力结果。结果：白内障超声乳化手术后19只眼视力提高，1只眼视力无变化，1只眼视力降低。术中几乎在所有病例均可遇到前房深度、瞳孔直径和后囊膜位置骤然变化的情况，增加了手术操作的难度。术中1只眼发生悬韧带离断。术后18只眼出现轻度狄氏膜皱褶。结论：虽然在玻璃体切除术后的患者群体施行超声乳化手术操作难度大、易出现并发症，但是经谨慎处理后绝大多数患者仍能获得良好的有用视力。     

Posterior synechia of the iris after combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: Combined pars plana vitrectomy, phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation has become a widely accepted treatment for cataracts in patients with vitreoretinal diseases. We examined factors influencing the development of posterior synechia after this triple procedure. METHODS: One hundred and three patients (107 eyes) were evaluated. The frequency of postoperative posterior synechia, the preoperative diagnosis, whether gas tamponade was used, and the type of lens implanted were reviewed. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes (19.6%) developed posterior synechia, and the highest rate (12/39 eyes, 30.8%) was in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Posterior synechia was more frequent after gas tamponade (28.1%) than in eyes without tamponade (10.1%). In proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients, fibrin deposition and the amount of retinal photocoagulation were causative factors for posterior synechia. CONCLUSIONS: Factors promoting postoperative synechia after the triple procedure included (1) the existence of PDR, (2) expanding gas tamponade, (3) fibrin deposition in PDR, and (4) the amount of photocoagulation in PDR.     

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation during diabetic pars plana vitrectomy

Combined cataract removal, posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation, and pars plana vitrectomy were performed in 15 diabetic patients who presented with coexisting cataract and vitreoretinal complications from proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Posterior chamber IOLs were placed anterior to the anterior lens capsule after pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in nine eyes, whereas extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PC IOL placement was performed before vitrectomy in six eyes. Panretinal laser endophotocoagulation was applied in 13 of the 15 eyes as an important part of the operative procedure. Because of inactive diabetic retinopathy or satisfactory preoperative panretinal photocoagulation, 2 of the 15 eyes did not receive laser endophotocoagulation. Visual acuity was improved in 12 eyes and was similar to preoperative vision in 3 eyes. After a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 28 months of follow-up, the visual results are the following: 20/40 or better (4 eyes), 20/50 to 20/200 (5 eyes), 20/400 to 5/200 (5 eyes), and hand motions (1 eye). Although 5 of the 15 eyes required secondary vitreoretinal procedures, neovascular glaucoma and complications attributable to the IOL did not occur. A recurrent postoperative retinal detachment (RD) developed with subsequent hypotony and rubeosis iridis in 1 of the 15 eyes.     

白内障超声乳化,玻璃体切除及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效

目的：探讨白内障超乳化摘除,睫状体平坦部下班体切割及人工晶体囊袋内植入联合手术的疗效及安全性。方法：对玻璃体视网膜病普合并白内障１８例（１８眼）施行该联合手术。其中糖尿病性视网膜病变,玻璃体出血伴白内障１０例;视网膜分枝静脉阻塞,玻璃体出血伴白内障４例;视网膜静脉周围炎,玻璃体出血伴白内障３例及特发性视网膜１例,术后随访２～１３个月（平均９月）。结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高。１２眼（６７％）术后     

Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation following pars plana vitrectomy: a prospective study

AIMS: To examine the intraoperative characteristics of phacoemulsification in eyes that had undergone pars plana vitrectomy and to determine complication rates and visual outcomes. METHODS: A prospective study of 45 consecutive cataract operations on vitrectomised eyes performed over a 9-month period by a single surgeon. Data were collected on preoperative characteristics, intraoperative observations and complications, postoperative complications, and visual acuities. RESULTS: Zonular laxity with abnormal deepening of the anterior chamber and mydriasis was noted in six eyes that had undergone extensive vitreous removal for the treatment of retinal detachment or proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but not in eyes that had had limited 'core vitrectomy' such as for macular hole or epiretinal membrane. In two eyes, the initial deepening of the anterior chamber was accompanied by paradoxical shallowing with miosis (the 'infusion deviation syndrome'). Sight-threatening complications were rare. Snellen visual acuity improved in 84.6% of eyes previously treated for 'macular hole, 85.7% of eyes treated for 'macula-on' retinal detachment, 66.7% of eyes treated for 'macula-off' retinal detachment, and 57.1% of eyes treated for diabetic retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons need to be aware of additional challenges arising from zonular instability in eyes that have had extensive vitreous removal. A lower infusion bottle height may guard against sudden changes in anterior chamber depth. The use of a corneal tunnel avoids difficulties associated with an unusually deep anterior chamber. Visual acuity is less likely to improve in patients previously treated for diabetic retinopathy or for macula-off retinal detachment.     

状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的　评价晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术的临床疗效。方法　对16例患者行晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果　3～10个月随访中,所有患者术后视力都有不同程度提高,视力05以上者6例(375%),02～04者7例(4375%),01以下者3例(1875%)。结论　玻璃体切割术中行晶状体超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,能够获得良好视力而无严重并发症,是治疗白内障合并眼后段病变一种较理想的手术。     

Vector analysis of surgically induced astigmatism after combined operation of phacoemulsification, intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the changes in corneal shape after phacoemulsification, PC IOL implantation and pars plana vitrectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprised 25 eyes of 25 patients who received phacoemulsification, 5.5 mm PMMA IOL implantation through 6 mm clear cornea incision with one single suture, and pars plana vitrectomy in one step - group A. To unique and compare the differences in surgical induced astigmatism (SIA) between combined procedures and two steps procedures, 2 control groups in one step surgery (only phacoemulsification with PCIOL--group B or only pars plana vitrectomy--group C) with the same shape and location of incision in cataract surgery and sclerotomy sites were analyzed. RESULTS: The highest value of SIA was in group A which was not statistic significant different than group B (p = 0.97). In-group C, SIA was the lowest, and there was also not significant difference between groups A (p = 0.063). The differences in SIA between group B and C were statistic irrelevant too. (P = 0.09) Shifts in axis to with the rule component were noted in 43.9 % of cases in-group A, 40.79% in-group B, and 58.96% in-group C. The highest shift in axis to against the rule meridian was observed in-group B (tab. 2) and in direction with the rule in-group C. CONCLUSIONS: No statistical significance was observed in the amounts of the induced astigmatism and refractive cylinder among the group of combined phacoemulsification, IOL implantation and pars plana vitrectomy. However, optical rehabilitation can be delayed by a postoperative astigmatism.     

晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术

目的 评价晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后与人工晶状植入术的临床疗效。方法 对１６例患者行晶状体超声乳化玻璃体切割及后房型人工晶状体植入术。结果 ３－１０个月随记中,所有患者术后视力都有不同程度提高,视力０．５以上者６例（３７．５％）,０．２－０．４者７便（４３．７５％）,０．１以下者３例（１８．７５％）。结论 玻璃体切割术中行晶状体超声乳化术联合后房型人工晶状体植入术,能够获得良好视力而无严重并发症     

Combined phacoemulsification, vitrectomy, foreign-body extraction, and intraocular lens implantation

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of simultaneous phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, intraocular foreign-body extraction, and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: SSK Ankara Eye Hospital, Department of Vitreoretinal Surgery, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: Seventeen patients with corneal perforation, intraocular foreign body, vitreous hemorrhage, and lens opacity had simultaneous clear corneal phacoemulsification, pars plana vitrectomy, intraocular foreign-body extraction, and IOL implantation. RESULTS: Postoperative complications included massive retinal fibrosis in 2 patients, retinal detachment in 1, and cilioretinal artery occlusion in 1. At a mean follow-up of 15.2 months, best corrected visual acuity improved in the remaining 13 eyes (76%). The IOL was stable in all cases. CONCLUSION: Combined phacoemulsification with IOL implantation and vitreoretinal surgery was safe in selected cases of penetrating ocular trauma resulting from an intraocular foreign body.     

玻璃体切除手术后的白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入术探讨

目的:评价玻璃体切除术(pars plana vitrectomy,PPV)后白内障的超声乳化(phacoemulsification,Phaco)联合人工晶状体植入术(intraocular lens implantation,IOL)的临床疗效,并讨论手术技巧。方法:所有41例42眼PPV后白内障患者行激光联合超声乳化白内障手术(phacoemulsification and intraocularlens,Phaco+IOL),其中11例11眼采用玻璃体腔液体灌注+Phaco+IOL,30例31眼行Phaco+IOL,观察比较术后视力、并发症等。结果:术后1mo时矫正视力(correctedvisualacuity,CVA)较术前CVA有统计学意义的提高(P=0.002),术中玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA与非玻璃体腔灌注组的术后CVA比较无统计学差异(P=0.052),术后39眼CVA有不同程度的提高,术后1moCVA<0.3者19眼主要与原有眼底病有关;42眼超声乳化同期植入后房型人工晶状体,所有患者手术中均有不同程度前房深度的大幅度变化伴随瞳孔直径变化,术中发现悬韧带断裂5眼,术中后囊破裂6眼,晶状体物质掉入玻璃体腔3眼,术中发现晶状体物质与后囊紧密粘连4眼;术后并发症包括角膜水肿23眼,后发性白内障4眼,视网膜再脱离2眼。结论:在PPV后白内障行Phaco+IOL术是目前理想的手术方法,对于有复杂超声乳化因素的病历,有复杂玻璃体和眼底病史的病历,超声乳化中放置后节眼内灌注是安全而有效的。