呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿血和痰中白三烯测定及临床意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支炎)患儿血、痰中白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)水平的变化及临床意义.方法轻-中度毛支炎组22例,重度毛支炎组11例,另选择无喘息非RSV感染性肺炎患儿12例作为对照(肺炎组).采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验测定血清和痰中LTC4水平,并进行对比分析.结果急性期轻-中度毛支炎组、重度毛支炎组、肺炎组血清LTC4水平分别为(76.96±28.19)pg/ml、(103.53±16.85)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml;痰中LTC4水平分别为(31.83±19.14)pg/ml、(67.11±15.11)pg/ml、(6.81±2.90)pg/ml;恢复期血清LTC4水平分别为(36.04±16.38)pg/ml、(52.27±17.03)pg/ml、(18.14±7.49)pg/ml,3组间差异有统计学意义(F=48.09,P＜0.001;F=15.50,P＜0.001;F=44.43,P＜0.001).治疗后轻-中度和重度毛支炎组血清LTC4水平明显降低,但仍高于肺炎组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论RSV毛支炎患儿血和痰中LTC4水平明显增高,并与病情的轻重相关.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎42例白三烯致病作用研究

目的研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿在急性期和恢复期鼻咽分泌物中白三烯的水平,探讨白三烯在RSV毛细支气管炎发病中的作用。方法选取2003年11月至2004年3月在北京儿童医院呼吸病房住院的42例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿作为RSV毛细支气管炎组;选取同期不伴喘息的呼吸道感染患儿21例作为对照组,对照组患儿RSV抗原检测均为阴性。收集患儿的临床资料并进行临床评分,于入院第1～7天取患儿的鼻咽分泌物(nasopharyngeal secretion,NPS),用ELISA方法做白三烯C4(leukotriene C4,LTC4)的检测,同时测定NPS的蛋白质含量,用LTC4与蛋白的比值进行校正。应用SPSS11.5统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果RSV毛细支气管炎组NPS中LTC4的质量质量浓度为14.89pg/μg,蛋白(0.21～149.18),而同期对照组为2.10pg/μg,蛋白(0.33～13.06),RSV毛细支气管炎组明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.006);对毛细支气管炎组患儿入院第1天和第7天的白三烯质量浓度进行比较,NPS中的LTC4(P=0.561)稍有下降,但差异无统计学意义。根据临床评分,轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。结论RSV感染毛细支气管炎患儿NPS中LTC4的质量浓度明显高于对照组。入院第7天于临床症状明显好转时再次检测LTC4的质量浓度,无显著性改变,仍是增高的。根据临床评分轻度组和中度组白三烯的质量浓度差异无统计学意义。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿尿白三烯E4测定的意义

目的 探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎患儿尿白三烯E4(LTE4)测定的临床意义.方法 收集30例毛细支气管炎患儿鼻咽分泌物,用直接免疫荧光法进行RSV检测.选取其中证实为RSV阳性的24例作为病例组;选取同期入院的非感染性外科疾病手术前患儿19例为对照组.二组患儿年龄分布和性别构成均无显著性差异.收集二组患儿尿液和血液,采用竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验技术检测尿LIE4水平,同时行外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数,并进行比较;对病例组患儿尿LIE4与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数进行相关性分析.结果 病例组患儿尿中LTE4水平[181.0(145.8～224.7)μg/mol Cr]明显高于对照组[73.6(52.0～104.3)μg/mol Cr](t=4.77 P<0.01);病例组外周血嗜酸性粒细胞计数[(0.25±0.22)×109L-1]略低于对照组[(0.34±0.16)×109L-1],差异无统计学意义(t=1.53 P0.05).病例组患儿尿LTE4水平与外周血嗜酸性粒细胞之间无相关性(r=0.127 9 P0.05).结论 白三烯在RSV毛细支气管炎的发病机制中有不可忽视的作用,白三烯受体拮抗剂在RSV毛细支气管炎治疗上可能有一定的作用.     

毛细支气管炎患儿血清白细胞介素-4及尿白三烯E4水平的临床观察

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL4及尿白三烯E4(LTFA)水平变化与病情分度的关系.方法 选择2006年12月至2008年12月我院小儿呼吸科住院毛细支气管炎患儿100例,按病情程度分为轻度、中重度两组,轻度组52例,中重度组48例.另选择健康体检儿50例为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-4及尿LIFA水平.结果 毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4水平为(11.34±7.56)ng/L,尿LTFA(20.3±4.75)pmol/μmol Cr;恢复期血清IL-4(6.84±5.64)ng/L及尿LTE4(3.6±1.12)pmol/μmol Cr;健康组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTFA(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmolCr.毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4及尿LTE4明显增高(P<0.01).中重度组血清IL-4为(15.32±6.85)ng/L,及尿LTE4为(28.8±4.71)pmoL/μmol Cr,高于轻症组IL-4[(7.64±4.31)ng/L]及尿LTE4[(18.1±3.52)pmol/μmol Cr],两组问差异有显著性(P<0.05).恢复期IL-4为(6.84±5.64)ng/L 及尿LTFA为(3.6±1.21)pmol/μmol Cr;正常健康对照组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTE4(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmol Cr,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.01).血清IL-4与尿LTE4检测结果呈正相关,r值分别为0.628、0.564(P<0.01).结论 血清IL-4及尿LTE4水平可作为毛细支气管炎病情严重程度的指标之一,有利于指导临床诊治.     

A亚型呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的临床研究

目的 了解呼吸道合胞病毒（ＲＳＶ）的亚型感染情况及其所致毛细支气管炎的临床特征。方法 （１）对１９９５年冬￣１９９７年春住院的８５例临床拟诊为毛细支气管炎的患儿进行鼻咽分泌物病毒培养、抗原检测及ＲＳＶ阳性分离株的单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光法亚型鉴定;（２）分析亚型感染病例的临床资料。结果 （１）共培养出ＲＳＶ２２株,阳性率为２６％,经鉴定全部为Ａ亚型株;（２）２２例Ａ亚型ＲＳＶ毛细支气管炎中幼婴（１￣     

毛细支气管炎患儿血清白细胞介素-4及尿白三烯E4水平的临床观察

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL4及尿白三烯E4(LTFA)水平变化与病情分度的关系.方法 选择2006年12月至2008年12月我院小儿呼吸科住院毛细支气管炎患儿100例,按病情程度分为轻度、中重度两组,轻度组52例,中重度组48例.另选择健康体检儿50例为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-4及尿LIFA水平.结果 毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4水平为(11.34±7.56)ng/L,尿LTFA(20.3±4.75)pmol/μmol Cr;恢复期血清IL-4(6.84±5.64)ng/L及尿LTE4(3.6±1.12)pmol/μmol Cr;健康组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTFA(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmolCr.毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4及尿LTE4明显增高(P<0.01).中重度组血清IL-4为(15.32±6.85)ng/L,及尿LTE4为(28.8±4.71)pmoL/μmol Cr,高于轻症组IL-4[(7.64±4.31)ng/L]及尿LTE4[(18.1±3.52)pmol/μmol Cr],两组问差异有显著性(P<0.05).恢复期IL-4为(6.84±5.64)ng/L 及尿LTFA为(3.6±1.21)pmol/μmol Cr;正常健康对照组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTE4(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmol Cr,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.01).血清IL-4与尿LTE4检测结果呈正相关,r值分别为0.628、0.564(P<0.01).结论 血清IL-4及尿LTE4水平可作为毛细支气管炎病情严重程度的指标之一,有利于指导临床诊治.     

毛细支气管炎患儿血清白细胞介素-4及尿白三烯E4水平的临床观察

目的 探讨毛细支气管炎患儿血清IL4及尿白三烯E4(LTFA)水平变化与病情分度的关系.方法 选择2006年12月至2008年12月我院小儿呼吸科住院毛细支气管炎患儿100例,按病情程度分为轻度、中重度两组,轻度组52例,中重度组48例.另选择健康体检儿50例为对照组.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清IL-4及尿LIFA水平.结果 毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4水平为(11.34±7.56)ng/L,尿LTFA(20.3±4.75)pmol/μmol Cr;恢复期血清IL-4(6.84±5.64)ng/L及尿LTE4(3.6±1.12)pmol/μmol Cr;健康组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTFA(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmolCr.毛细支气管炎患儿发病急性期血清IL-4及尿LTE4明显增高(P<0.01).中重度组血清IL-4为(15.32±6.85)ng/L,及尿LTE4为(28.8±4.71)pmoL/μmol Cr,高于轻症组IL-4[(7.64±4.31)ng/L]及尿LTE4[(18.1±3.52)pmol/μmol Cr],两组问差异有显著性(P<0.05).恢复期IL-4为(6.84±5.64)ng/L 及尿LTFA为(3.6±1.21)pmol/μmol Cr;正常健康对照组IL-4(5.72±2.24)ng/L及尿LTE4(1.43±0.14)pmol/μmol Cr,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.01).血清IL-4与尿LTE4检测结果呈正相关,r值分别为0.628、0.564(P<0.01).结论 血清IL-4及尿LTE4水平可作为毛细支气管炎病情严重程度的指标之一,有利于指导临床诊治.     

呼吸道合胞病毒性毛细支气管炎患儿肾脏损害的研究

呼吸道合胞病毒感染(RSV)是婴幼儿突发喘息常见的原因，在小婴儿常表现为毛细支气管炎(毛支)。RSV毛支对肾脏的影响如何是值得关心的问题。笔者于1998～2004年对42例RSV毛支患儿的尿微球蛋白(β2-MG)、尿白蛋白(Aib)、尿IgG进行了放免检测以探讨其临床意义。现报导如下。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的并发症及危险因素

目的 研究呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)的并发症及危险因素。方法收集并分析我院5d～28个月RSV毛支213例患儿临床资料。结果 5d～6个月患儿并发症的发生率(65．45％)最高，而6个月～l岁并发症发生率明显高于1岁以上儿童；并中重度贫血的RSV毛支患儿易发生心力衰竭(65％)；早产儿RSV毛支患儿易并心力衰竭(57．89％)和呼吸衰竭(26．32％)。结论 RSV毛支易并心、脑、胃肠道损伤，贫血、早产、低龄等是并各器官损伤的危险因素。     

孟鲁司特钠治疗呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的临床观察

目的 观察孟鲁司特钠对呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎患儿临床症状及预后的影响.方法 选择年龄6～12个月的毛细支气管炎患儿,均为首次发病,采用鼻咽分泌物定性检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)抗原,阳性者作为研究对象,共80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例.两组患儿均采用相同的综合治疗,观察组加用孟鲁司特钠4 mg每晚1次口服.观察各组患儿临床症状恢复情况及住院天数;检测两组患儿入院第2天、第6天晨尿中的白三烯E4的含量;对所有病例随访3个月(观察组孟鲁司特钠持续应用3个月),观察各组患儿在此期间再次出现喘息的情况.结果 观察组达到喘息缓解所需时间及住院天数与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);两组患儿入院第2天、第6天晨尿中的白三烯E4的含量比较,治疗组在治疗前后及与对照组比较差异无统计学意义;随访3个月后,治疗组有3例出现再次喘息,而对照组有11例出现再次喘息.结论 呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎加用孟鲁司特钠可有效改善临床症状并缩短住院时间,降低病毒感染后喘息的复发率;两组尿白三烯含量差异无统计学意义,提示并非所有RSV感染的毛细支气管炎患儿喘息均与白三烯有关.     

Gender analysis in acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus

It is reasonable to compare immune reactions between boys and girls because many infections in the early stages are predominant in males. A relationship between immunomodulatory effects of sex hormone surge in boys at early months and infectious diseases is still unclear. We compared clinical features between boys and girls who suffered from wheezing that was initially triggered by acute respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. For systemic immune response evaluation, white blood cell (WBC) count, blood eosinophil count, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured. For local inflammation evaluation, scores for eosinophils and neutrophils in sputum were evaluated microscopically. Patients consisted of 90 boys and 51 girls. Most children were under 6 months of age. WBC counts and serum CRP levels were significantly increased in girls compared with boys. Blood eosinophilia at the acute stage was rarely observed in children after 6 months of age. For local response evaluation, sputum specimens obtained from 42 boys and 29 girls were microscopically examined. Sputum eosinophil score of 2+ and more was observed in boys (6/42) exclusively. In contrast, sputum neutrophilia was commonly observed in boys and girls. From a follow-up study, we confirmed that 28 children with RSV bronchiolitis showed wheezing episodes afterwards. However, their blood and sputum eosinophilia during RSV bronchiolitis did not reflect their subsequent wheezing. We speculated that gender-specific responses to RSV infection might account for male susceptibility. Differences in RSV pathogenicity between boys and girls should be further investigated in terms of asthma progression.     

Neutrophil-mediated inflammation in respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis

BACKGROUND: The involvement of neutrophil-mediated inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis. However, no measurable marker is sensitive enough to assess neutrophil-mediated inflammation in the airways. Released neutrophil elastase (NE) in intraluminal airways has been reported to induce pulmonary inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine whether the amount of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) in serum, a degenerate induced by NE, reflects the degree of airway inflammation in children with respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) bronchiolitis and whether the severity of inflammation is evaluated. The pre-alpha-/inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor is assumed to be precursors of the UTI. When NE degrades these inhibitors, UTI is liberated. METHODS: Serum UTI concentrations in infants admitted with RSV bronchiolitis, other viral infections, bacterial pneumonia and control subjects were measured by means of one-step sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Serum UTI concentrations in 25 patients on admission were significantly higher than the 15 infantile control values (mean +/- SEM, 22.126 +/- 2.317 and 6.701 +/- 0.719 U/mL, respectively; P < 0.0001). The elevated levels returned to baseline values with improvement in the respiratory symptoms. Higher levels of serum UTI with RSV infection were consistently associated with clinical symptoms and artificial ventilation. Serum NE concentrations of patients were elevated in some patients but not significantly different from controls in the patients who showed only upper respiratory symptoms with RSV infections. CONCLUSION: The findings strongly suggested that neutrophil-mediated events are involved in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis, and the monitoring of UTI concentrations might be useful for evaluating the neutrophil-mediated airway inflammation.     

白介素-4基因C-33T多态性与呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎的相关性

目的 研究白介素-4(IL-4)基因C-33T与呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎的易感性、病情严重程度的关系及对血清总IgE和鼻咽分泌物(NPS)IL-4水平的影响.方法 采用聚合酶链-限制性片段长度多态法(PCR-RFLP)检测130例RSV毛细支气管炎患儿和108例对照组儿童IL-4/C-33T位点多态性,分别用化学发光法和酶联免疫分析法,检测RSV毛细支气管炎患儿血清总IgE和NPs中IL-4水平.结果 两组IL-4启动子区C-33T位点均可见TT、CT和CC 3种基因型,其中病例组,TT、CT和CC基因型频率分别为66.9%、26.9%和6.2%,对照组分别为69.4%、26.9%和3.7%,两组差异无统计学意义(X2=0.758,P>0.05);病例组T、C等位基因频率分别为80.3%、19.7%,对照组分别为82.9%、17.1%,两组差异亦无统计学意义(X2=0.073,P>0.05;OR=0.847,P>0.05).病例组三种基因型间NPS中IL-4及血清总IgE水平差异均无统计学意义(H=0.103,F=0.529,P均>0.05);三种基因型频率在轻度组和中重度组间的差异亦无统计学意义(X2=0.825,P>0.05).结论 温州地区儿童存在IL-4/C-33T位点的多态性,但未发现其与RSV毛细支气管炎存在关联.     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎与支气管哮喘的相关性研究

目的探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)与支气管哮喘两者发病机制的相关性。方法采用ELISA法检测31例RSV毛支患儿、25例支气管哮喘患儿、27例非RSV肺炎患儿和24例健康儿童外周血IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平,并进行比较分析。结果 RSV毛支患儿和哮喘患儿的IL-10、TGF-β水平显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童,而IL-4、IL-17水平则显著高于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童(P均<0.05)。RSV毛支患儿和哮喘患儿的IFN-γ/IL-4、IL-10/IL-17比例显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿和健康对照儿童(P均<0.05),哮喘患儿的TGF-β/IL-17显著低于非RSV肺炎患儿与健康对照儿童(P均<0.05)。RSV毛支患儿与哮喘患儿之间、非RSV肺炎患儿与健康对照儿童之间IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平及其比值IFN-γ/IL-4、IL-10/IL-17、TGF-β/IL-17的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论 RSV毛支患儿与哮喘患儿存在相同的外周血细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、TGF-β、IL-17水平的改变,这可能是其共同的发病机制之一。     

嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子在呼吸道合胞病毒性毛细支气管炎中的作用和意义

目的探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛细支气管炎(毛支)患儿血、痰中嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子(Eotaxin)的临床意义。方法对象为轻、中度毛支患儿22例和重度毛支患儿11例,选择无喘息病毒性肺炎12例作为对照组。采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定各组患儿血清和痰中Eotaxin水平,并进行比较。结果急性期轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组血清、痰Eotaxin水平高于对照组(P<0.01)。恢复期轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组血清Eotaxin水平高于对照组。轻、中度毛支组和重度毛支组比较差异无统计学意义。结论 RSV毛支患儿血和痰液中Eotaxin增高,Eotaxin在毛支的发病机制中起重要作用。     

呼吸道合胞病毒毛细支气管炎特应性与血清IL-10及病情恢复的关系

为探讨呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)毛纫支气管炎患儿特应性与血清白介素10(IL-10)水平及病情恢复的关系，应用酶联免疫吸附法分别检测17例年龄50天--12月，特应性体质的RSV毛细支气管炎患儿急性期与恢复期血清IL-l0水平，并以24例非特应性患儿及37例正常儿为对照组。结果显示，急性期待应性组IL—10水平与正常对照组相比，差异无显著性(P＞0．05)，但明显低于无特应性组(P＜0．001)；特应性组喘憋和肺部体征消失均较非特应性组慢，住院时间延长(P＜0．05)；恢复期两组IL-l0差异无显著意义。提示特应性体质患儿RSV感染后不能上调IL-l0产生，结果可导致病变恢复缓慢。     

Eosinophil cationic protein in nasopharyngeal secretions and serum of infants infected with respiratory syncytial virus

Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was assayed in nasopharyngeal secretion (NPS) and serum from 42 infants, hospitalized with acute lower respiratory infection, in El Salvador and the results analyzed in relation to etiology of the infection. ECP concentrations were high in NPS, at an average 50 times higher than those found in serum. Exceedingly high levels of ECP (> 1000 μg/L) were found more frequently in wheezing than in non-wheezing children (30% vs 7%) and, accordingly, were more commonly found in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis than in those with pneumonia. Excessive levels were significantly more common in girls than in boys. Of the 42 cases, 28 were found to be caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subgroup A, and 3 by RSV-B, by means of detection of RSV antigen in nasopharyngeal cells. ECP serum levels were moderately elevated during the acute phase of the respiratory infection and increased slightly but significantly, in cases with RSV antigen-positive bronchiolitis, but not in those with pneumonia. The ECP levels in NPS from patients in Sweden who, by antigen detection in NPS cells, were diagnosed as either RSV or para-influenza 3 infection or none of these, were similar. These results indicate that elevation of ECP in NPS is associated with acute lower respiratory infection in general, but particularly pronounced in cases of bronchiolitis. Elevation of ECP is not an exclusive consequence of RSV infection, but may occur to an equal extent in infections caused by other agents. Girls generally seem to be less prone than boys to developing airway obstruction and may, therefore, acquire severe bronchiolitis only when large amounts of inflammatory mediators, such as ECP, accumulate in the airways.     

Bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans post respiratory syncytial virus infection: think again

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infections are common, yet long-term sequelae in previously healthy infants and children are rarely reported. We report a child who developed bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans following an RSV lower respiratory tract infection but in whom adenovirus was detected on stored serum. Co-infection with adenovirus is the likely cause for the bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis obliterans.     

Apnoea and bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus

ABSTRACT. A study was made of 146 children admitted to hospital with bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus. Fifteen subjects (10%) had apnoea. Six of the 16 infants (38%) less than two months of age had apnoea, compared with nine of 130 children (6.9%) over two months old (P<0.001). Nine of the 28 infants (32%) who were preterm had apnoea compared with six of 118 children (5.1%) over 37 weeks gestation (P<0.001).
Both early chronological age and prematurity are risk factors for the development of apnoea in children with RSV bronchiolitis.