Functional bladder neck obstruction. Results of endoscopic bladder neck incision in 131 consecutive patients

Endoscopic diathermy incision of the bladder neck was carried out as a routine procedure in 131 consecutive male patients with an established diagnosis of functional bladder neck obstruction. Follow-up after 3 months revealed excellent symptomatic and urodynamic results. Morbidity was low and the post-operative stay in hospital short (median 2 days). Patients must be informed of the risk of retrograde ejaculation associated with the procedure and objective evidence of the diagnosis is essential.     

Unilateral transurethral incision for primary bladder neck obstruction: symptom relief and fertility preservation

Our aim was to review the results of unilateral transurethral incision (TUI) of the bladder neck for the treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction. A total of 35 patients with the mean age of 40.31 years were included in the study. The international prostate symptom score (I-PSS), quality of life (QoL) score, uroflowmetry and sperm count were determined. The mean preoperative I-PSS was 32.1 points, peak urine flow rate was 7.8 cc/s and sperm count was 59.2 million/cc. There was a 28% reduction of I-PSS at 3 months, 38% at 6 months and 55% at 1 year. The urine peak flow rate increased by 54% at 3 months, 83% at 6 months and 95% at 1 year. The reduction in the sperm count was 63% at 6 months and 69% at 1 year. The QoL score improved significantly after 1 year compared with the preoperative period. Unilateral TUI of the bladder neck is an effective treatment for primary bladder neck obstruction. However, the postoperative sperm count is significantly reduced at 6-12 months (18-21 million/cc) but is probably sufficient for adequate fertility.     

经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩

目的:探讨治疗膀胱颈挛缩的有效手术方法。方法:对17例膀胱颈挛缩患者行经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开术。结果:17例患者术后无明显残余尿,最大尿流率为12.3~27.2ml/s,主诉症状好转。结论:经尿道针状电极膀胱颈内切开治疗膀胱颈挛缩,疗效确切,术后不易复发。     

Ejaculation and sexual function after endoscopic bladder neck incision

Endoscopic incision of the bladder neck, performed to relieve outflow obstruction, was evaluated as regards effects on ejaculation and orgasm in 61 men (mean age 48 years) by analyses of seminal fluid and a questionnaire. Relief of obstruction was confirmed by post-operative normalisation of urinary flow. In 47 cases there was unchanged antegrade ejaculation, while reduced semen volume was reported by 11 men and retrograde ejaculation by only 3. The quality of orgasm and sexual satisfaction were not permanently changed by the operation. Post-operative analysis of seminal fluid was performed in 27 patients, with normal results in 26. In 16 men who provided specimens both before and after bladder neck incision, no consistent change was found in the semen. An incision completely splitting the bladder neck but not extending distal to the verumontanum will relieve outlet obstruction. Maintenance of antegrade ejaculation can be expected in most patients undergoing this operation.     

Management of functional bladder neck obstruction in women: use of alpha-blockers and pediatric resectoscope for bladder neck incision

PURPOSE: Functional bladder neck obstruction has been definitively diagnosed in the last few years due to detailed synchronous pressure flow, electromyography and video urodynamics. Clean intermittent self-catheterization and bladder neck incision are the modalities of treatment. To our knowledge the role of alpha-blockers is not yet defined in women. A new technique was developed to perform bladder neck incision using a pediatric resectoscope. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 women with obstructive voiding symptoms or retention were evaluated with video pressure flow electromyography, and diagnosed with functional bladder neck obstruction due to high pressure and low flow on silent electromyography and bladder neck appearance on fluoroscopy. Patients were initially treated with clean intermittent self-catheterization and alpha-blockers. Catheterization was stopped when post-void residual was less than 50 ml. and only alpha-blocker therapy was continued. Bladder neck incision was performed in patients who had a poor response to or side effects of alpha-blocker therapy, or when therapy was discontinued due to economic reasons. Clean intermittent self-catheterization was continued in patients who had a poor response to alpha-blockers or refused to undergo bladder neck incision. Bladder neck incision was performed in the initial 2 cases with an adult resectoscope using a Collin's knife and subsequently a pediatric resectoscope (13F). Uroflow and post-void residual measurements were performed in all cases. RESULTS: Of the 24 patients 12 (50%) showed improvement in symptoms, peak flow and post-void residual (p <0.01) with alpha-blocker therapy only. Of the 12 patients who had a poor response to alpha-blockers 6 underwent bladder neck incision subsequently and 6 remained on clean intermittent self-catheterization. All 8 patients treated with bladder neck incision, including 2 who had a good response but discontinued alpha-blocker therapy, had sustained improvement in post-void residual and peak flow (p <0.01) after a mean followup of 3.8 +/- 2.4 years. Grade 1 stress incontinence in 2 adult resectoscope cases responded to conservative treatment. None of the pediatric resectoscope cases had stress incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Clean intermittent self-catheterization and alpha-blockers are the initial treatment options for functional bladder neck obstruction. The alpha-blockers were successful in 50% of our patients. Bladder neck incision should be offered judiciously with minimal risk of curable stress incontinence. The pediatric resectoscope is useful to make a well controlled incision safely in the female urethra.     

经尿道电切治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻28例

目的探讨经尿道电切治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻的临床疗效。方法自1997年7月～2004年5月,采用经尿道电切的方法治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻28例。结果术中无电切综合征、膀胱穿孔等发生。手术时间平均5min。术后1月复诊,25例残余尿消失,排尿有力,尿线粗。结论经尿道电汽化治疗女性膀胱颈部梗阻操作简便、安全,损伤小,效果确切。     

TURP加膀胱颈U型切开预防术后膀胱出口梗阻疗效观察

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)加膀胱颈U型切开预防术后膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)的可行性和有效性.方法自1998年6月～2005年2月,经尿道前列腺切除加膀胱颈部环状纤维U型切开(TURP加U型切开)治疗前列腺增生(BPH)患者110例.单纯经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)治疗BPH患者121例.两组患者年龄、病程、前列腺切除重量均无明显差异.结果两组病例术后无大出血及其它严重并发症.术后随访8～48个月,TURP加U型切开组的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前26.6±5.2降至术后5.6±2.9,生活质量评分(QLS)由术前4.2至术后1.8;TURP组的IPSS由术前26.1±4.2降至术后14.6±2.3,QLS由术前4.2降至术后2.9.TURP加U型切开组无一例术后出现BOO,TURP组6例术后出现BOO,均为膀胱颈部狭窄所致,经加用膀胱颈部环状纤维U型切开后,排尿障碍症状消失.结论TURP加U型切开可有效地预防TURP术后BOO.     

改良经尿道前列腺电切术预防术后膀胱颈梗阻疗效观察

目的:探讨改良经尿道前列腺电切术预防术后膀胱颈梗阻(BOO)的可行性和有效性。方法:采用经尿道前列腺切除加膀胱颈环状纤维U形切开治疗BPH患者186例(TURP加U形切开组);同时采用单纯经尿道前列腺切除术治疗BPH患者173例(TURP组)。两组患者年龄、病程、前列腺切除重量均无明显差异。术后随访6～48个月,平均26个月。结果:TURP加U形切开组国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前(24.6±5.2)分降至术后(5.6±2.9)分,生活质量评分(QLS)由术前4.2分至术后1.8分;TURP组IPSS由术前(24.1±4.2)分降至术后(14.6±2.3)分,QLS由术前4.2分降至术后2.9分。TURP加U形切开组无一例术后出现BOO,TURP组有7例术后出现BOO,均为尿道膜部狭窄所致,经加用膀胱颈环状纤维U形切开后,排尿障碍症状消失。结论:TURP加U形切开可有效地预防TURP术后BOO。     

The treatment of incomplete bladder emptying in females by bladder neck incision

Thirty females suffering from incomplete bladder emptying underwent bladder neck incision. All patients had undergone some form of therapy earlier without success. The bladder neck incision was often an alternative to repeated catheterizations or an indwelling catheter. In 7 patients (23%) the result was excellent, 12 other patients (40%) benefited from the operation. The role of this operation and possible complications is discussed.     

Diagnosis and treatment of functional bladder neck obstruction

The experience with 32 patients with functional bladder neck obstruction is presented and this condition is discussed. This disease occurred mainly in males from the age of 6 months to 50 years. There was only one female patient. The most important investigations were the micturating cystogram, the flow-rate and the measurement of the residual urine. The bladder neck incision, as proposed by Turner-Warwick, relieved symptoms and obstruction in all patients efficiently.     

女性膀胱颈部梗阻的诊断与治疗

为探讨女性膀胱颈部梗阻的病因、诊断及治疗方法。总结１９８１年５月～１９９６年６月收治女性膀胱颈部梗阻病例３２例。２９例经手术治疗，其中２例行膀胱颈ＹＶ成形术，２７例经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除术，效果满意。结果认为，女性膀胱颈部梗阻病因为纤维组织增生和慢性炎症所致；尿流率检查是客观评价排尿状况的指标；膀胱镜检查为可靠的诊断手段；经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除为有效的治疗方法。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊断与治疗

目的：探讨女性膀胱颈阻的诊断和治疗方法。方法;对２７例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者行尿流动力学检查和膀胱检查,对其中２２例行经光颈电切术（ＴＵＲＢｎ）５例行非选手治疗。结果：２２例行ＴＵＲＢＮ治疗者术后无明显乘余尿,２０例临床症状消失;５例非手术治疗者经定期饔主药物治疗,效果满意。结论：女性膀胱颈梗阻的尿流动客观评价排尿状况的有效指标;ＴＵＴＢＮ是治疗女性膀胱劲梗阻的首选方法,具有手术小和住院时间短等优点。     

女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治体会

目的　提高女性膀胱颈梗阻的诊治水平。　方法　对 1 5例女性膀胱颈梗阻患者的诊治情况进行回顾性分析。　结果　 6例行膀胱颈Y V成形术 ,9例行经尿道膀胱颈后唇电切术 ,效果满意 ,无尿失禁及尿瘘发生。　结论　膀胱尿道镜结合压力 流率测定是该病可靠的诊断手段 ,经尿道膀胱颈部后唇切除是最佳治疗方法。     

Long-term assessment of 107 patients undergoing bladder neck incision

The notes of 134 consecutive patients undergoing bladder neck incision (BNI) were analysed retrospectively. Details of pre-operative symptoms and the short-term results of the operation were studied, as well as the need for reoperation. Long-term results of the operation were not available in 100 patients and a questionnaire was sent to them asking for details of their present symptoms. This produced results on the long-term follow-up of 107 patients with a mean follow-up of 31 months (range 18-48); 86% of patients showed an improvement in symptoms in the short term whilst 68% maintained a subjective improvement in symptoms in the long term. Further surgery was required in 18 patients (13%). Possible reasons for this are discussed.     

经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻

目的探讨经尿道膀胱颈电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻的临床效果。方法经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻23例,并进行术前术后临床症状和尿流动力学检查及对比。结果所有患者术后排尿通畅,效果满意。随访1～3个月,最大尿流率由（10．78±1．35）mL／s上升至（21．30±0．63）mL／s,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;前列腺液及精液检查正常。结论对于慢性前列腺炎合并膀胱颈梗阻患者经药物治疗无效后,可选用经尿道膀胱颈部电切术治疗膀胱颈梗阻。     

Indication and value of bladder neck incision.

200 bladder neck incisions in 172 patients with mechanical or functional outlet obstruction of neurogenic and nonneurogenic etiology are reported. The incision was performed with an electric cautery needle at 5--7--12 o'clock. Parameters of success were, beside the subjective reports, residual urine, urinary flow and a sophisticated urodynamic study. 71% of the women and 76% of the men showed improvement or relief of symptoms. Retrograde ejaculation was observed in only 7% of the men; the rate of complications was 2.5%. Despite limited experience and the lack of long-term follow-up, this technique is recommended for routine use.