钼靶结合MRI对乳腺导管原位癌诊断价值的探讨

目的:分析乳腺导管原位癌的X线及MRI表现,评价钼靶结合MRI对DCIS术前诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的乳腺DCIS病例13例,所有病例均于术前行动态增强MRI和钼靶X线检查,同时行免疫组化标记。结果:①将病灶的X线表现分成恶性钙化、中间性钙化和非钙化3组,PR与C-erbB-2在3组中的分布有统计性意义(P<0.05);②13例病灶中11例MR表现为非肿块样强化,以BI-RADS分级中的4、5级为MR和X线检查的阳性指标,其正确诊断率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:DCIS的钼靶X线表现可以作为乳腺DCIS的预后因子,乳腺MRI对导管原位癌及导管原位癌伴微浸润有特征性表现,钼靶X线和MR检查相结合能提高早期导管原位癌的检出率及正确诊断率。     

微钙化对早期乳腺导管原位癌的诊断价值

 目的 探讨微钙化在乳腺X线摄影筛查中对乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经乳腺X线摄影筛查及组织病理、免疫组化证实存在微小钙化灶的DCIS 58例.参照美国放射学会(ACR)颁布的乳腺病变BI - RADS有关钙化形态和分布的征象描述,记录钙化灶的形态、分布数据.全部病例均对照病理结果.采用Fisher确切概率法检验,探讨钙化形态和导管原位癌分级之间的相关性.结果 微钙化按外观与形态分成3类:(1)线形分支状钙化46例(79％);(2)成簇泥沙样钙化5例(8％);(3)微钙化伴粗大钙化7例(12％).所有58例DCIS患者中,低级别(1级)DCIS 14例(24％),中级别(2级)DCIS 35例(60％),高级别(3级)DCIS 9例(16％).不同级别原位癌的X线摄影钙化方式存在统计学差异(P＜0.01);原位癌分级与病灶内微钙化方式存在一定关联度(r=0.559,P＜0.01).结论 微钙化有助于DCIS的早期检出,其形态外观有助于判别其病理分级,正确认识乳腺X线摄影钙化可提高DCIS的诊断准确性.     

X线检查中乳腺导管原位癌钙化的组织病理学特征

目的 探讨通过乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)X线片上的钙化表现判断DCIS生物学行为的可能性.方法 参照BIRADS标准及最新WHO关于DCIS分类、分级标准,回顾性分析行乳腺X线检查有钙化表现并经手术病理证实的70例DCIS的乳腺X线表现.结果 ①多形不均质钙化与线样分支状钙化在DCIS病理分级中存在显著差异(P＜0.008).②钙化成簇分布与腺叶区段性分布在DCIS病理分级中存在显著差异(P＜0.008).结论 仔细分析乳腺X线检查中钙化灶的形态、分布特点,对推测DCIS的病理分级、评估预后有很大价值.     

乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线诊断(附20例报告)

目的 探讨乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线征象.方法 分析20例经手术及病理证实的乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线表现.常规摄影双侧乳腺轴位(CC位)及侧斜位(MLO位)摄片.结果 20例中,16例钙化,3例单纯肿块,1例为小灶致密影.结论 导管原位癌(DCIS)X线表现以钙化为主,还应重视肿块、小灶致密影等征象.     

乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润与导管原位癌的临床病理及X线表现对比分析

目的对比分析乳腺导管原位癌伴微浸润(DCISM)与导管原位癌(DCIS)的X线及临床病理表现及DCISM的预测因子。方法收集2016年1月至2020年7月在青岛大学附属医院经手术病理证实的DCISM及DCIS患者626例,患者术前均接受乳腺X摄影检查。参照乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)标准对DCISM与DCIS患者X线表现进行分类诊断。采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法分析DCISM与DCIS患者临床病理及X线表现的差异性,应用单因素和多因素二元logistic回归分析探讨与DCISM相关的危险因素。结果626例患者中,DCISM患者171例,DCIS患者455例。单因素回归分析表明,肿瘤直径≥2.7cm、高核级别、粉刺性坏死、淋巴结阳性、Ki67高表达、雌激素受体及孕激素受体阴性是DCISM的预测因子(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,肿瘤直径≥2.7cm(OR 2.229,95%CI 1.505~3.301,P<0.001)、高核级别(OR 1.711,95%CI 1.018~2.875,P=0.043)、淋巴结阳性(OR 4.140,95%CI 1.342~12.773,P=0.013)是DCISM的独立预测因子(P<0.05)。乳腺X线摄影中,DCIS与DCISM患者的病变类型、有无钙化及钙化分布差异具有统计学意义(χ²分别为17.42、9.65、9.10,P<0.05),17.6%(80/455)的DCIS患者表现为隐匿性病变,49.1%(84/171)的DCISM表现为钙化伴肿块、非对称致密、结构扭曲。团簇状钙化多见于DCIS(41.5%,120/289),而区域性钙化在DCISM中更普遍(35.9%,47/131)。结论乳腺X线摄影表现为钙化性病变及区域性钙化在DCISM中更常见。肿瘤直径≥2.7cm、高核级别、淋巴结阳性是DCISM的独立预测因子。     

微小钙化在乳腺导管原位癌诊断中的意义

目的 探讨微小钙化在乳腺导管原位癌(DCIS)X线诊断中的价值.方法 回顾性分析35例DCIS的钼靶X线表现.结果 35例中,钙化31例,占88.6%,其中17例临床触及肿块,占48.6%,14例临床未及乳腺肿块,占40%.钙化形态和导管原位癌分级有统计学关联,线性分支状钙化和泥沙样钙化28例,占钙化病例的90.3%.病理显示钙化27例.结论 微小钙化影对DCIS的诊断具有很高的价值.     

乳腺导管原位癌的钼靶X线表现与病理对照研究

目的 分析乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）的钼靶X线表现，并分析其与病理亚型间的相关性，为临床选择治疗方法提供参考。方法 经手术、病理证实的乳腺导管原位癌21例和原位癌伴微浸润8例，观察钼靶X线表现，并与病理分型、分级对照。结果 （1）单纯簇状微钙化表现20例， 经伴块影3例，单纯软组织块影表现4例，乳头内陷伴乳头后大导管增粗和钼靶表现阴性各1例。（2）23例钙化表现者，分布呈V形7例、圆形8例，、不规则形5例、某一象限内多个分散分布的小簇状钙化3例。（3）从乳头向深部的长条状肿块1例、圆形肿块3例。（4）线样分支状钙化易出现在粉刺型（7／9）高核级（6／9）DCIS中；颗粒点状钙化易出现在非粉刺型（11／12）低核级（11／12）DCIS中。2组差异有非常显著性意义，P＝0.002和P＝0.009（x^2检验，Fisher‘s精确算法）。结论 DCIS的钼靶X线表现有一定特征，与基于分子生物改变为基础的病理分型、分级密切相关，在一定程度上可为临床治疗方法的选择提供参考。     

乳腺导管原位癌X线特征与病理核分级及不同肿瘤因子表达相关性

【摘要】目的：探讨乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）的钼靶X线特征,分析其与病理核分级、人类表皮生长因子受体（HER2）、雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）表达的相关性。方法：回顾分析经手术病理证实的DCIS患者113例,均做乳腺X线检查,观察病变X线影像特征,并分析其影像表现与病理核分级及不同肿瘤因子表达的相关性。结果：①影像表现：113例中出现钙化85例（75.2%）,其中不对称影或肿块或结构扭曲伴钙化占多数共72例,单纯钙化13例;单纯肿块11例（9.7%）,不对称影和结构扭曲影14例（12.4%）,未见异常3例（2.7%）。②影像表现与病理因子表达：钙化为主要影像表现,钙化的形态、分布、数目在HER2阳性组、ER/PR阳性组和三阴组间表现有差异,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。HER2阳性58例,以高级别DCIS为主,钙化为区段性分布,形态线状分枝状为主,数量以多发或大量为主,数目＞30枚占多数;ER/PR阳性47例,以非高级别DCIS为主,钙化为区域性分布,形态微小圆点状为主,数量以少许钙化为主,数目＜30枚占多数。结论：DCIS患者乳腺X线影像表现具有一定特征性,X线影像与肿瘤的一些分子生物学行为及病理因子表达有相关性,对患者早期诊断、临床治疗方法选择具有临床意义。     

全视野数字化乳腺摄影对乳腺导管原位癌的诊断价值

目的 :探讨全视野数字化乳腺摄影(full-field digital mammography,FFDM)对乳腺导管原位癌(ductal carcinoma in situ,DCIS)的诊断价值。方法 :选择经手术病理证实的DCIS患者36例,分析其X线表现。患者术前均行FFDM检查。诊断标准采用美国放射学院(ACR)推荐的乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)。结果:病灶出现钙化23例;肿块16例,其中肿块伴钙化5例;局灶性致密伴钙化11例;结构扭曲伴钙化7例;阴性1例;致密乳腺建议其他检查1例。BI-RADS诊断:5类11例,4类19例,3类3例,2类、1类、0类各1例。FFDM诊断的敏感性91.67%,符合率83.33%。结论:DCIS的常见X线表现为恶性钙化、肿块,FFDM对乳腺DCIS有重要的诊断价值。     

溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及病理基础

目的:分析溢液性乳腺癌的乳腺导管造影表现及其病理基础,为临床提供可靠的诊断依据,以提高早期乳腺癌的诊治水平。方法:临床表现为乳头溢液并经手术、病理证实的乳腺癌患者26例,回顾性观察其乳腺导管造影表现,并与病理结果对比分析。结果:26例中,导管原位癌8例;浸润性导管癌5例;导管原位癌伴早期浸润7例;复合型癌3例,其中导管原位癌合并浸润性小叶癌2例,浸润性导管癌合并浸润性小叶癌1例;导管内乳头状瘤病癌变3例,其中乳腺X线平片未发现异常5例,毛刺或分叶状肿块2例,肿块伴钙化9例,多形性钙化灶10例。乳腺导管造影主要表现:导管内充盈缺损伴有不同程度导管扩张;导管管壁浸润破坏对比剂渗漏,形成"潭湖征";导管管壁不规则,呈"虫蚀样"改变或"断续征"。本组乳腺导管造影诊断乳腺癌的符合率为88.4%。结论:乳腺导管造影是溢液性乳腺癌诊断的安全而有效的检查方法,具有很高的定性、定位诊断价值,尤其对临床触诊阴性的早期乳腺癌能作出较准确的诊断,提高了早期乳腺癌的检出率。     

Mammographic bi-dimensional product: a powerful predictor of successful excision of ductal carcinoma in situ

BACKGROUND: The aim of this analysis was to ascertain whether uni-dimensional measurement of mammographic microcalcification, the product of bi-dimensional measurement, calcification morphology, and pathological grade are helpful in predicting successful single therapeutic wide local excision (WLE) of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). METHODS: The study group comprised 505 patients whose mammograms showed the DCIS as calcification, and in whom a non-operative diagnosis had been obtained and WLE attempted. The extents of mammographic calcifications was measured in two planes at 90 degrees on the oblique view, the appearances classified as comedo, granular, or punctate. DCIS was graded using cyto-nuclear characteristics. RESULTS: Three hundred and forty-two patients had a successful first WLE and 163 patients had further surgery. A uni-dimensional measurement of <35 mm and a bi-dimensional product of <800 mm(2) were associated with successful excision (69 versus 54%, p=0.02 and 70 versus 27%, p=0.0001, respectively). Mammographic calcification morphology and histological grade did not influence the likelihood of a successful first WLE. For high-grade DCIS, the upper limit of the bi-dimensional product associated with successful WLE was 800 mm(2) (69 versus 24%, p=0.0003). In contrast, for non-high-grade DCIS, the cut-off was 400 mm(2) (73 versus 33%, p=0.01). Analyses based on mammographic calcification morphology gave similar findings. CONCLUSION: The mammographic bi-dimensional product is a powerful predictor of successful WLE of DCIS when combined with histological grade and/or calcification morphology.     

Mammographic predictors of the presence and size of invasive carcinomas associated with malignant microcalcification lesions without a mass

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the degree with which mammographic features predict the presence and size of invasive carcinomas associated with malignant mammographic microcalcification lesions without a mass. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mammographic features were correlated with pathologic features in 304 consecutive breast carcinomas manifested by mammographic calcifications only in a prospective evaluation. RESULTS: Mammographic calcifications associated with breast carcinoma had the final pathologic diagnoses of pure ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in 65% of patients, DCIS with a focus of invasion in 32%, and invasive carcinoma only in 4%. Invasive foci were more likely associated with mammographic calcification size of 11 mm and greater (40%, 77/194) compared with 1-10 mm (26%, 29/110; p = 0.019). Invasive foci were also more likely associated with linear calcifications (44%, 55/126) compared with granular calcifications (29%, 51/178; p = 0.007). The frequency of invasion did not increase with calcification extents greater than 10 mm. The frequency of invasion ranged from 22% for less than or equal to 5-mm granular calcifications to 45% for linear calcifications of 11 mm and greater. Only 11% of cancers characterized by fine granular calcifications were associated with invasion as compared with 32% of those with coarse and mixed granular calcifications (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Mammographic calcification features of malignant lesions cannot predict the absence of invasion with greater than 90% predictive value or predict the presence of invasion with greater than 45% predictive value. Increased extent of calcifications greater than 10 mm was not associated with greater likelihood of invasion.     

A comparison of 14 and 12 gauge needles for core biopsy of suspicious mammographic calcification

This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of 14 vs 12 G needles in stereotactic core biopsy of mammographic calcification. A consecutive series of 100 impalpable mammographic calcifications, without an associated mass and requiring stereotactic core biopsy were randomly allocated to either 14 G or 12 G needle sampling. All biopsies were performed using an upright stereotactic digital unit (Senovision GE) and a Bard automated biopsy gun. Core biopsy results were categorized as either normal, benign, atypical ductal hyperplasia, suspicious of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), DCIS or invasive cancer. The radiographic calcification retrieval rates, complete and absolute sensitivity for malignancy of DCIS and DCIS with an invasive focus were obtained by comparison of core results with surgical histology. Radiographic calcification retrieval was achieved in 86% when using 14 G and 12 G needles. The absolute sensitivity and complete sensitivity for diagnosing DCIS were the same with 12 G and 14 G needles (72% versus 71% and 93% versus 94%, respectively). The use of 12 G needles does not appear to confer benefit over the use of 14 G needles in the diagnosis of mammographic calcification.     

Mammographic features of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) present on previous mammography.

AIM: To review previous mammograms of women found later to have DCIS and identify features which may have been missed or misinterpreted as benign. METHODS: The previous mammograms of 50 women who developed DCIS were analysed. The mammographic features at diagnosis and on the prior mammograms were compared. RESULTS: 11 (22%) of the previous mammograms were in retrospect abnormal; 5 (45%) of these had previously been assessed for the abnormality. All showed microcalcification. The following features were commoner at diagnosis than on previous films; rod shaped calcification (64 vs. 27%, P = 0.03) and a ductal distribution of calcification (76 vs. 45%, P = 0.05). Predominantly punctate calcification (64 vs. 12%, P = 0.001) and less than 10 calcifications in the cluster (54 vs. 24%, P = 0.05) were more common on the previous films. No difference was found in the frequency of granular calcification, branching calcification, irregularity in density, size or shape of calcification between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Features of DCIS missed on previous mammography include small cluster size, less than 10 calcifications in the cluster, the absence of rod shaped calcifications, the absence of a ductal distribution and the presence of predominantly punctate calcification. Features frequently seen both at diagnosis and on previous films which might have allowed earlier diagnosis were granular calcifications which vary in size, density and shape in an irregularly shaped cluster. Focal clustered calcification deserves aggressive investigation.     

How significant is detection of ductal carcinoma in situ in a breast screening programme?

PURPOSE: To compare the histological grades of screen detected and non-screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to identify any differences that might support the contention that DCIS found by breast screening represents an over-diagnosis. The aim was also to establish whether any particular mammographic features of DCIS can be used to predict tumour grade reliably. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsy proven cases of DCIS (n=153) were reviewed with respect to grade and subdivided into high, intermediate and low grades using the Van Nuys classification. A more aggressive subset of DCIS (microinvasive and interval cancers) were similarly analysed. Mammograms were reviewed with regard to abnormal features and distribution, and the appearances correlated with grade. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent (53/98) of screen detected and 62% (34/52) of non-screen detected DCIS were high grade. The rest were equally intermediate and low grade, with no statistical difference between the two groups. Eighty-four percent of the aggressive subset of tumours were high grade. Micro-calcification was present in 90% and in 10% there were soft tissue changes alone. Seventy-six percent of linear branching calcification was associated with high grade DCIS. Only 13% of high grade DCIS demonstrated punctate micro-calcification; however, 38% of cases of punctate micro-calfication were associated with high grade tumours and there was a great deal of overlap between the groups. CONCLUSION: Most cases of DCIS in both screen and non-screen detected groups were high grade. Only one in five was low grade. Analysis of the aggressive subgroup underlines the significance of high grade DCIS. Mammographic patterns are not always reliable in the prediction of tumour grade. The detection of DCIS in screening programmes is important and should not be regarded as over-diagnosis.     

早期乳腺癌的CR表现及病理基础

目的评价早期乳腺癌的CR表现及其病理基础。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的43例早期乳腺癌的CR片,包括导管原位癌及导管原位癌伴微浸润30例、浸润性导管癌12例和浸润性小叶癌1例,观察早期乳腺癌的CR表现,并与病理对照。结果(1)43例早期乳腺癌中,CR表现钙化21例(49%),结节15例(35%),非对称性局限性密度增高影伴结构紊乱7例(16%)。(2)乳腺数字化图像可以显示早期乳腺癌病变的细微结构。结论乳腺CR成像对早期乳腺癌的诊断具有重要意义。     

乳腺癌钼靶X线表现与C-erbB-2癌基因相关性

目的:探讨乳腺癌钼靶X线表现与c-erbB-2癌基因表达之间的相关性。方法:将165例乳腺癌患者X线征象中钙化、边缘浸润、病变密度、是否同时合并乳腺囊性增生症与经免疫组织化学染色测定c-erbB-2基因的表达状态进行对照研究。结果:165例乳腺癌患者中,有钙化者84例,占50.91%;80例有边缘浸润,占48.40%;病变区表现为高密度87例,占52.73%;乳腺癌同时合并乳腺囊性增生症85例,占51.52%。95例c-erbB-2基因表达阳性,占57.58%。结论:乳腺癌钼靶X线征象在一定程度上反映了c-erbB-2表达状态,X线表现为钙化、边缘浸润、病变区为高密度及乳腺癌同时合并乳腺囊性增生症的乳腺癌患者c-erbB-2基因表达阳性可能性更高。     

Predicting invasion in mammographically detected microcalcification

AIM: To identify pre-operative factors which predict presence of invasive disease within mammographically detected malignant microcalcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was undertaken of 116 serial stereotactic core needle biopsies (SCNBs) performed on malignant mammographic calcification. Final surgical pathology was correlated with pre-operative features (clinical, radiological and core histology) in an attempt to predict the presence of an invasive component. RESULTS: Thirty-eight clusters contained invasive carcinoma. The sensitivity of SCNB for invasion was 55%. Clinical features, calcium morphology and cluster size were not shown to be predictive of invasive disease. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of high grade on core histology and increasing number of calcifications were predictive of increased risk of invasion (high grade core biopsy DCIS and > 40 calcifications 48% invasive at surgical histology; high grade core biopsy DCIS and < 40 calcifications 15% invasive; non-high grade core biopsy DCIS 0% invasive). CONCLUSIONS: Identification of those clusters diagnosed as DCIS by percutaneous biopsy which are likely to harbour an invasive component is possible. It would seem reasonable to consider staging the axilla at therapeutic surgery in these patients.     

乳腺导管原位癌X线表现与病理学免疫组织化学分型关系的分析

目的:探讨乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）X线摄影表现与病理学免疫组织化学分型的关系。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年10月在青岛大学附属医院经手术病理证实的505例DCIS患者共514个病灶的资料。根据免疫组织化学结果将全部DCIS病灶分为雌激素受体（ER）阳性型（215个病灶）、人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）...