广西男男性行为大学生艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务利用及其影响因素分析

了解广西大学生男男性行为者(MSM)艾滋病(AIDS)自愿咨询检测服务(VCT)利用情况及其影响因素,为制定大学生MSM的行为干预措施提供参考.方法 2014年9月至2016年2月采用滚雪球法及网络招募法在广西省11所高校招募295名大学生MSM,采用自填式问卷进行调查,采用Logistic回归分析影响利用VCT服务的因素.结果 163名(55.3%) MSM利用过VCT服务,其中132名(80.9%)大学生MSM获取VCT服务的主要场所为“同伴教育工作组”.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,在学校居住(OR=2.438)、知晓AIDS(OR=2.346)、免费咨询过AIDS(0R=6.146)、参加过同伴教育(OR=2.556)、患过性病(OR=3.621)是利用VCT服务的促进因素(P值均<0.05).结论 大学生MSM VCT服务利用率较低,应以同伴教育的方式加强大学生MSM的AIDS宣传力度,提高其VCT服务利用率.     

Women's empowerment and fertility decline among the Pare of Kilimanjaro region,Northern Tanzania

This research was designed to explore the connection between the empowerment of women and fertility outcomes, through an ethnographic study, a community-based survey and in-depth interviews. The purpose of the work is to test the relationship between a fertility decline and the status of women in a rural area of Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania. Our major hypothesis was that the decline in fertility in the Kilimanjaro Region-given that the preconditions proposed by Caldwell, Orubuloye, and Caldwell (1992) have been satisfied-is due to the empowerment of women, particularly to gender equity within families. Research was conducted in two villages-Masumbeni and Kisanjuni-located in the Ugweno Division of the Pare Mountains in the eastern part of Kilimanjaro Region. Findings show that in this population age at first birth increased and the progression from having one child to the next child declined. This pattern was evident during the 1980s, it is stronger in the 1990s. The factors associated with this phenomenon are those related to the status of women, particularly, free partner choice, women's education and wealth of the family.     

广州市大学生对同伴艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务接受意愿及其影响因素分析

了解广州市大学生对学生同伴艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)的接受意愿及其影响因素,为高校校园艾滋病防控工作提供参考.方法 采用方便抽样的方法,自编问卷于2016年10-12月对广州市12所高等院校3 079名在校大学生进行调查.分别采用x2检验和无序多分类Logistic回归模型分析学生对同伴VCT接受意愿的单因素和多因素分析.结果 90.8%(2 795名)的学生表示在需要接受VCT服务时不会拒绝同伴VCT服务.多分类Logistic回归分析显示,对同伴VCT持接受态度与无所谓态度相比,男生(OR=1.548)、理工类专业(OR=1.324)、不确定性取向(OR=1.755)、不知晓本地学生疫情(OR=1.738)、不担心自己感染HIV(OR=1.589)、没有接受过同伴教育(OR=1.649)及动员检测(OR=1.655)倾向于无所谓态度(P值均<0.05).接受与不接受态度相比,男生(OR=1.514)、不担心自己感染HIV(OR=1.358)、没有接受过同伴教育(OR=1.954)、发生性行为时有物质滥用(OR=3.372)倾向于不接受同伴VCT(P值均<0.05).结论 学生对同伴VCT接受意愿较好,同伴VCT可促进需要的女生接受检测.     

2018年我国青年学生对艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务接受意愿及其影响因素分析

目的 了解与分析我国青年学生对艾滋病自愿咨询检测(voluntary counseling and testing,VCT)服务的相关情况,为VCT服务的有效开展和卫生资源的合理分配提供依据。 方法 采用方便抽样的方法,在2018年11月15日—12月1日对全国222所高等院校的59 473名在校青年学生进行匿名自填问卷调查,采用logistic回归模型分析影响学生对VCT服务接受意愿的因素。 结果 62.4%(37 107/59 473)的青年学生愿意接受VCT服务,3.1%(1 857/59 473)曾做过HIV/AIDS检测。多因素logistic回归分析显示,女性0.639(95%CI:0.612～0.668),理工类0.929(95%CI:0.878～0.982)、农学类0.827(95%CI:0.723～0.946)和其他专业0.905(95%CI:0.855～0.959),VCT服务首要考虑因素中的保密性0.665(95%CI:0.622～0.711)、医生的态度0.696(95%CI:0.607～0.799)、检测的准确性0.766(95%CI:0.720～0.815)和其他因素0.688(95%CI:0.575～0.823),认为目前自己感染HIV/AIDS的可能性比较小0.728(95%CI:0.631～0.841)和根本不可能0.488(95%CI:0.424～0.563)等10个因素是青年学生接受VCT服务的保护因素;本科生1.137(95%CI:1.029～1.184),医科类1.126(95%CI:1.065～1.190),检测地点为购买“艾滋病检测包”自检1.857(95%CI:1.035～3.330),VCT不应该保密1.562(95%CI:1.458～1.673)等4个因素是青年学生接受VCT服务的危险因素。 结论 青年学生对VCT服务接受意愿良好,但普遍低估自身感染HIV/AIDS风险且检测率低,应加强女性、理工类和农学类等学生的VCT动员检测。     

大学生对保健品的认知态度行为调查

目的了解大学生对保健品的认知及服用后的功效自我评价。方法在江苏省4所高校采取随机抽样的方法进行问卷调查。结果仅有24.7%的大学生知道保健食品的认证标识,考试临近时服用所占比例最高为40.1%,有55.0%的服用者认为服用后有一定的改善,但在对待保健品的态度上,仍有50%态度的人不相信他的功效。结论大学生对于保健品的认知比较模糊,对于保健品服用后的功效评价不高。为促进大学生对保健品的健康行为的建立,应从学校和政府机构2个方面抓起。     

Maternal deaths in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania.

The maternal deaths in a supra-regional reference hospital between 1971 and 1977 are reviewed and avoidable factors discussed. Improvements in ante-natal care have diminished the number of deaths from obstetric causes and as a result deaths from associated diseases are assuming greater significance. Particular attention is drawn to the enterocolitis group of diseases which account for 15% of the total deaths in this series. The effect of pregnancy on amoebic colitis has not been widely appreciated.     

社区计划生育和卫生工作人员对联合开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测的态度分析

目的了解社区的人口和计划生育工作人员及卫生部门工作人员对联合开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）与自愿咨询转诊（VCR）的认识、态度,并探讨其影响因素。方法采用定量问卷调查的方法,对上海市3个社区的计生、卫生服务中心的所有管理人员和技术人员共437人进行调查。结果调查对象具有一定的VCT和VCR知识,但对于＂求询者不需提供真实姓名＂知晓率仅为37.1%。有58.6%的调查对象赞同计卫联合开展VCT和VCR。多分类logistic回归分析显示：与女性相比,男性赞成计卫联合开展VCT和VCR的比例较低（OR=0.47,95%CI：0.25～0.87）;与初中的对象相比,大学文化程度的服务人员更倾向于持赞同态度,OR值为4.89（95%CI：1.28～8.71）。结论社区人口计生和卫生工作人员赞同联合开展艾滋病VCT和VCR服务,但需要一定的VCT和VCR知识培训。     

Cost-effectiveness of free HIV voluntary counseling and testing through a community-based AIDS service organization in Northern Tanzania

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of fee-based and free testing strategies at an HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) program integrated into a community-based AIDS service organization in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS: We waived the usual fee schedule during a 2-week free, advertised VCT campaign; analyzed the number of clients testing per day during prefree, free, and postfree testing periods; and estimated the cost-effectiveness of limited and sustained free testing strategies. RESULTS: The number of clients testing per day increased from 4.1 during the prefree testing interval to 15.0 during the free testing campaign (P<.0001) and remained significantly increased at 7.1 (P<.0001) after resumption of the standard fees. HIV seroprevalence (16.7%) and risk behaviors were unchanged over these intervals. Modeled over 1 year, the costs per infection averted with the standard fee schedule, with a 2-week free VCT campaign, and with sustained free VCT year-round were $170, $105, and $92, respectively, and the costs per disability-adjusted life year gained were $8.72, $5.40, and $4.72, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The provision of free VCT enhances both the number of clients testing per day and its cost-effectiveness in resource-limited settings.     

大学生突发公共卫生事件相关知识、态度和行为

目的探讨大学生对突发公共卫生事件的知信行状况及其关系。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对河南省郑州大学不同专业和年级1 195名大学生进行突发公共卫生事件知信行状况的调查。结果在校大学生突发公共卫生事件相关知识平均得分为(74.63±12.27)分,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);面对突发公共卫生事件时,抑郁、神经衰弱、恐惧、焦虑和疑病得分分别为(0.53±0.60)、(0.49±0.56)、(0.70±0.53)、(0.32±0.49)和(0.51±0.62)分;积极和消极应对方式得分分别为(1.94±0.54)和(1.16±0.56)分;突发公共卫生事件相关知识与态度呈负相关(r=-0.408,P<0.01),与积极应对方式呈正相关(r=0.364,P<0.01),态度与积极应对呈负相关(r=-0.812,P<0.01),与消极应对呈正相关(r=0.860,P<0.01)。结论大学生对突发公共卫生事件知晓率较低,知识与态度和行为密切相关;在对大学生进行健康教育时,要注意其态度和行为转变。     

The cost-effectiveness of HIV voluntary counseling and testing in China

China has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of HIV infections. To control the AIDS epidemic, free HIV voluntary counseling and testing has been made available in China. This study compared the cost-effectiveness of this program for 2 populations-the general population and men who have sex with men (MSM), to examine the value for money of this program. A Bernoulli-process model has been used to translate the changes in sexual behaviors to the number of HIV infections averted. Costs are estimated from a societal perspective. The outcomes are measured in terms of the incremental cost per HIV infection averted and the incremental cost per disability-adjusted life-year averted. The study found that the voluntary counseling and testing for the general population is not cost-effective based on the threshold adopted, whereas the same HIV prevention program for MSM is cost-saving. These results suggest that the efficiency of resources used could be substantially improved by appropriately targeting high-risk population groups. Therefore measures should be taken to increase the uptake of this intervention among high-risk groups.     

2008年平顶山市艾滋病自愿咨询检测结果分析

目的了解2008年平顶山市艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)情况,以针对性地制定健康教育和干预措施。方法对2008年1-12月在本市艾滋病VCT门诊836例求询者的血液标本进行HIV(1+2)抗体检测,用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)试验初筛,对初筛阳性者用蛋白印迹法(WB)做确认试验。结果 895例求询者接受咨询,求询者以20-49岁为主,咨询后检测836例,男女检测比例为1.18∶1。求询原因以非婚性行为为主,占36.6%。检出HIV抗体阳性90例,感染率10.77%,以非婚性行为、既往有偿献血感染为主,分别占32.2%和25.6%。结论 VCT门诊是发现HIV感染者/病人及实施干预的重要窗口。VCT门诊求询者HIV感染以非婚性行为、既往有偿献血感染为主。应加强针对有高危行为人群的行为干预措施。     

昆山市艾滋病自愿咨询检测现状研究

目的总结昆山市艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）工作经验，以便进一步提高VCT工作质量。方法对2006年到昆山市疾病预防控制心VCT门诊自愿接受艾滋病咨询检测者有关资料进行分析。结果2006年共接待205名面对面求询者，其中男性148人，女性57人，21～40岁者占83．41％；因不安全性行为占71．71％，流动人口占72．20％。检出艾滋病病毒阳性1例。结论VCT者大多为有不安全性行为的流动人口，提高VCT工作质量有助于尽早发现艾滋病病毒感染者，同时应加强自愿咨询检测人员的健康教育和行为干预。     

2009年开展艾滋病自愿咨询检测服务的调查分析

目的 了解某区艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)求询者的的主要类型,分析其HIV阳性率及特征,评价开设VCT门诊对艾滋病防控工作的影响及意义.方法 对2009年1月-12月到该区VCT门诊的咨询者,依据国家统一制定的《咨询个案登记表》对其人口学状况、高危行为类型等信息进行登记,并采血检测HIV抗体.结果 192名求询者接...     

艾滋病自愿咨询检测工作方法介绍

自愿咨询检测(VCT)是指通过求询和咨询员之间进行的保密性谈话，帮助求询应付压力、解决难题，并作出自己对艾滋病相关问题(包括是否做艾滋病病毒抗体检测)的明智决定(澳大利亚墨尔本医学院VCT技术援助培训材料)。开展此项工作，旨在帮助艾滋病感染尽早获得治疗和支持，     

唐山市大学生生殖健康知信行及教育需求调查

目的了解河北省唐山市大学生生殖健康知识、态度、行为及健康教育需求,为大学生生殖健康教育提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对唐山市4所高校1 699名大学生进行自填式问卷调查。结果大学生性生理、性病知识平均分分别为(8.6±2.3)、(11.4±3.5)分,医学生得分高于非医学生,高年级学生高于低年级学生,城市学生高于城镇及农村学生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001),女生的性生理知识得分高于男生,差异有统计学意义(t=27.660,P<0.001),二者性病知识差异无统计学意义(t=3.455,P=0.063);80.3%的大学生不愿与性病患者交往,65.3%的人不愿与艾滋病感染者交往;7.7%的大学生发生过婚前性行为;大学生生殖健康知识主要来源于报纸杂志、学校教师、朋友同学;93.0%的人愿意接受预防性病/艾滋病的教育。结论唐山市大学生对性生理、性病相关知识有所了解,但存在不足;对性病患者存在歧视;应根据学生需求及时开设生殖健康教育课。     

HIV-positive women report more lifetime partner violence: findings from a voluntary counseling and testing clinic in Dar es Salaam,Tanzania

OBJECTIVES: Experiences of partner violence were compared between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. METHODS: Of 340 women enrolled, 245 (72%) were followed and interviewed 3 months after HIV testing to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of violence. RESULTS: The odds of reporting at least 1 violent event was significantly higher among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women (physical violence odds ratio [OR] = 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23, 5.63; sexual violence OR = 2.39; 95% CI = 1.21, 4.73). Odds of reporting partner violence was 10 times higher among younger (< 30 years) HIV-positive women than among younger HIV-negative women (OR = 9.99; 95% CI = 2.67, 37.37). CONCLUSIONS: Violence is a risk factor for HIV infection that must be addressed through multilevel prevention approaches.