Renal allograft compartment syndrome: an underappreciated postoperative complication

PURPOSE: Renal allograft compartment syndrome (RACS) is early graft dysfunction secondary to retroperitoneal hypertension and resultant ischemia. Our purpose was to identify the incidence, therapies and outcomes of patients with RACS. METHODS: All patients who underwent a renal transplant between 2000 and 2005 were reviewed. Patients with signs of acute allograft dysfunction were identified. RACS was diagnosed via visual allograft hypoperfusion and/or with preoperative Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Among 458 patients, 11 (2%) were diagnosed with RACS. Characteristics between patient groups were similar. Five (45%) patients displayed adequate initial allograft function after transplantation. Doppler ultrasound was diagnostic. Six (55%) patients displayed poor initial allograft function and were classified as early presenters of RACS. Allograft function improved dramatically upon decompression. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must remain aware of RACS as a potential diagnosis when patients display rapid deterioration in kidney performance after good initial allograft function. Doppler ultrasound is useful in diagnosing late presenters.     

非手术治疗寰枢椎结核4例及文献复习

正寰枢椎结核临床少见,占脊柱结核的0.3%~1.0%~([1-2])。虽然寰枢椎结核发生率不高,但结核病灶随病情发展可破坏骨质或形成椎旁脓肿,压迫周围组织出现临床症状,对患者的工作生活造成较大影响。目前,临床上对于寰枢椎结核的治疗尚无统一意见,治疗方法多种多样,以手术治疗报道居多。其治疗原则和脊柱其他部位结核相同,主要是卧床休息,抗结核药物、固定和手术治疗。对于早期诊断、无广泛椎体破坏、无神经症状体征的患者,可行药     

Renal cell carcinoma: case report and literature review

Renal cell carcinoma arising from epithelial cells of the renal tubule is a highly aggressive and malignant tumor in all ages. Less than 2% of cases occur in childhood, relatively in older age group. Only a few pediatric series have been presented in the English literature. Tumor is presented with characteristic findings of flank pain, gross hematuria, and palpable mass. Although one half of the patients have metastasis at the time of diagnosis, most cases are currently being incidentally detected using improved imaging techniques. The overall prognosis in children appears to be similar to that in adults. Tumor stage and complete surgical resection have been reported as the most meaningful prognostic factors for the outcome. The incidence of metastatic disease is same as in adults. The effect of chemotherapy and immunotherapy, either preoperatively or postoperatively, is unclear. Cure is the most likely consequence in localized and completely resected tumors. Here, we present an 8-year-old boy with renal cell carcinoma demonstrating only hematuria without any pathological physical examination findings. The mass was described by abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography in the left kidney. After the left nephroureterectomy, the patient was given no therapy.     

Renal abscess in healthy children: report of three cases

We report three cases of renal abscess in otherwise healthy boys. One had a history of blunt trauma and two of antecedent skin infection. All presented with flank pain and fever. Urine and blood cultures were sterile. The diagnosis was made using ultrasound and computerized axial tomography. The first patient had recurrent renal abscess, following surgery and a short course of antibiotics. Eventually all responded well to long-term antibiotics only.     

Renal tuberculosis: a case report

Tuberculosis or TB (tubercle bacillus) remains a major public health problem in developing countries. Over the last decades extra-pulmonary locations of the disease have become more frequent due to the increased prevalence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the increase number of organ transplants. The urogenital localization represents about 27% of all extra-pulmonary localizations of TB and may be due either to a disseminated infection or to a primitive genitourinary localization. The majority of patients, has pyuria, sometimes with hematuria. The diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis is based on the finding of pyuria in the absence of infection by common bacteria. The initial medical treatment includes isoniazide, rifampicin, pyrazinami-de, ethambutol and streptomycin. This disease should be suspected in patients with unexplained urinary tract infections, especially if immunocompromised and/or coming from endemic areas.     

胡桃夹综合征2例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨胡桃夹综合征的诊断及治疗.方法 回顾性分析本院收治的2例胡桃夹综合征患者的临床资料,检索并复习国内外相关文献,2例患者均行腹腔镜下左肾静脉人造血管外支架置入固定术,术中将直径约1cm长约4～5cm的带外支撑环的e-PTFE人造血管固定于下腔静脉与肾门之间的左肾静脉外,抵抗肠系膜上动脉的压迫,减轻肾静脉受压.结果 2例患者手术顺利,分别于术后12d、13d肉眼血尿消失,术后1个月复查尿常规均提示:潜血(-),尿蛋白(-),术前伴有精索静脉曲张者,术后1个月复查症状明显减轻,随访6个月未复发.结论 尿红细胞形态分析及计数、膀胱镜检查、彩超及CTA对于胡桃夹综合征诊断有重要价值,腹腔镜下左肾静脉血管外支架置入固定术治疗胡桃夹综合征疗效满意、并发症少、恢复快.     

膝关节镜下同种异体半月板移植术(附2例初步报告)

[目的]通过对2例临床同种异体半月板移植中移植物取材、储存，手术操作技术、术后康复计划和不良反应等方面初步结果的总结，结合相关文献，讨论目前临床异体半月板移植的有关问题，为进一步开展此项临床技术提供参考。[方法]对2例外伤导致严重陈旧性半月板损伤、大部缺失的患者，在关节镜下实施同种异体半月板移植术，拟定术后康复计划，对其症状缓解、关节活动度恢复等近期随访结果作初步报告。[结果]患者无手术副损伤，术后伤口愈合良好，无明显伤口渗液，早期关节肿胀，6周左右肿胀消失。实验室检查未发现免疫排斥反应等征象。疼痛评分术前8分、6分，术后3分、2分。患者膝关节活动度恢复过程顺利。[结论]基于目前对半月板严重损伤者保留和修复半月板治疗中存在的困难，以及半月板属于免疫屏蔽器官的特点，异体半月板移植技术有可能成为治疗半月板严重损伤、缺失的一项重要技术。迄今已有的研究为其提供了充分的理论依据。但目前对其远期效果尚待进一步观察，关于移植物的消毒储存、手术操作技术、功能康复训练等临床问题也有待于进一步研究。     

肾结核326例临床分析

目的 探讨肾结核的早期诊断和治疗.方法 回顾分析326例肾结核患者的临床资料.结果 尿频、尿急、尿痛、腰痛和血尿是最常见的症状,分别为51.8%、37.2%、33.4%、41.0%和48.1%.IVP、B超、CT、膀胱黏膜活检和MRU诊断符合率分别为69.1%、46.6%、89.8%、44.4%和85.6%.96例抗结...     

肾结核101例影像学分析

目的 探讨中晚期肾结核的影像诊断方法.方法 分析并比较静脉肾盂造影(IVP)、B超、CT的影像资料.结果 腰痛、尿频、尿痛、尿急和血尿是最常见的临床症状,分别为65%、41%、35%、30%和22%.对于中晚期肾结核的诊断符合率:IVP为69.1%,B超为46.6%,CT为89.8% 结论B超对肾结核的诊断缺乏特异性,...     

Renal parenchymal malakoplakia —a case report and review of the literature

Malakoplakia is an inflammatory condition associated with persisting bacterial antigen in macrophages and characterised histologically by the Michaelis-Gutmann body, containing bacterial fragments. We review the pathogenesis of malakoplakia and report a novel form of treatment successfully used in an 8-week-old infant with bilateral renal malakoplakia. The patient presented with an acuteEscherichia coli urinary tract infection and enlarged kidneys. Antibiotic regimes were ineffective, but once the diagnosis was made treatment was changed to an immunosuppressive regime of prednisolone and azathioprine, to which she responded promptly. Renal malakoplakia should be considered in any patient with a urinary tract infection unresponsive to antibiotics and enlarged kidneys. Although a large proportion of patients with malakoplakia have an underlying systemic disorder, which may account for their abnormal macrophage function, the rest demonstrate either an isolated macrophage defect or no detectable anomaly at all. It is in this latter group we suggest that an immunomodulating regime can be curative.     

Plunging ranula: literature review and report of three cases

Three cases of plunging ranula are described and the literature is reviewed. In many cases, a plunging ranula is iatrogenic and follows surgery to an oral ranula. In the cases presented, the cervical swelling was associated with prolongations of sublingual gland into or through the mylohyoid muscle. All patients were cured by partial or total excision of the sublingual gland.     

Renal oncocytoma: review of literature and report of six cases

6 cases of renal oncocytomas are described. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult in spite of new clinical diagnostic methods. In our series oncocytoma was diagnosed angiographically in 1 case and in 3 cases carcinoma was suspected. 5 of 6 cases, reevaluated postoperatively, fulfilled three of the four criteria of Ambos et al. for oncocytoma. Ultrasonography is a good exclusion diagnostic method for renal neoplasms. Oncocytoma may be suspected if the tumor projects nearly totally outside the renal contour as we found in 3 of our 6 cases. Aspiration biopsy smears have a diagnostic value in the evaluation of renal neoplasms. Cytologically we preoperatively diagnosed oncocytoma in 1 of 3 cases in which biopsy was performed. We warn, however, about the mosaic pattern of renal neoplasms. Renal cell carcinomas may have large areas composed of oncocytes. Frozen section analysis is a potentially hazardous peroperative diagnostic method in large tumors if oncocytoma is suspected.     

Inferior outcomes following cardiac surgery in patients with a functioning renal allograft

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESRenal transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes for these patients undergoing cardiac surgery.METHODSA retrospective analysis identified patients with a functioning renal allograft at the time of surgery. A 2:1 propensity matching was performed. Patients were matched on: age, sex, left ventricle function, body mass index, preoperative creatinine, operation priority, operation category and logistic EuroSCORE.RESULTSThirty-eight patients undergoing surgery with a functioning renal allograft were identified. The mean age was 62.4 years and 66% were male. A total of 44.7% underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 26.3% underwent a single valve procedure. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 10.65. The control population of 76 patients was well matched. Patients undergoing surgery following renal transplantation had a prolonged length of intensive care unit (3.19 vs 1.02 days, P < 0.001) and hospital stay (10.3 vs 7.17 days, P = 0.05). There was a higher in-hospital mortality (15.8% vs 1.3%, P = 0.0027). Longer-term survival on Kaplan–Meier analysis was also inferior (P < 0.001). One-year survival was 78.9% vs 96.1% and 5-year survival was 63.2% vs 90.8%. A further subpopulation of 11 patients with a failed renal allograft was identified and excluded from the main analysis; we report demographic and outcome data for them.CONCLUSIONSPatients with a functioning renal allograft are at higher risk of perioperative mortality and inferior long-term survival following cardiac surgery. Patients in this population should be appropriately informed at the time of consent and should be managed cautiously in the perioperative period with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality.     

肾移植术后妊娠4例次报告并文献复习

目的 探讨肾移植术后妊娠对肾移植患者及胎儿的影响以及妊娠后免疫抑制药物的合理应用.方法 回顾分析4例次肾移植术后妊娠的临床资料并复习相关文献.结果 3例女性患者均接受同种异体肾移植术,术后妊娠4例次,1次因移植肾失功人工引产,二次肾移植后再次妊娠.移植术后至妊娠前2例患者应用环孢素(CsA)+麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)+泼...     

肾移植患者术后并发原肾恶性肿瘤3例报告及文献复习

目的探讨肾移植术后患者并发原肾恶性肿瘤的临床特点及治疗方法。方法 1988年5月至2011年10月,在解放军第309医院器官移植中心接受同种异体肾移植手术的患者2016例,其中3例患者移植术后并发原肾恶性肿瘤,对这3例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并结合文献进行复习。结果 3例患者中男性2例,女性1例,中位年龄43岁。肾移植术后采用钙调磷酸酶免疫抑制剂(CNI)+麦考酚吗乙酯(MMF)或硫唑嘌呤+泼尼松三联免疫抑制方案,术后1个月内移植肾功能均恢复正常。发生恶性肿瘤距肾移植术后时间分别14个月、16个月和54个月。首发症状分别为腰部疼痛1例、无痛肉眼血尿2例。3例患者均采用肾癌根治手术,病理结果分别为胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤并黏液性脂肪肉瘤1例、血管肉瘤1例和透明细胞癌1例。在保证移植肾功能的情况下均调整了免疫抑制剂用量。随访发现前2例患者发生远处转移,确诊半年内死亡,最后1例长期存活。结论肾移植患者术后原肾发生恶性肿瘤是一种严重的并发症,病死率极高。需要早期诊断,早期治疗。治疗上以肾癌根治术为主,术后保证移植肾功能正常的同时减少免疫抑制剂用量,同时辅以其他综合治疗。     

肾盂脂肪瘤病合并膀胱黄色肉芽肿性膀胱炎一例并文献复习

目的探讨罕见的肾盂脂肪瘤病合并膀胱黄色肉芽肿性膀胱炎病例的发病机制、病理特点、临床表现、诊断和治疗。 方法回顾性分析1例我院收治的肾盂脂肪瘤病合并膀胱黄色肉芽肿性膀胱炎病例临床资料,复习相关文献并予以讨论。患者女,51岁,因"无痛性肉眼血尿6个月"入院,术前拟诊为左肾盂癌伴输尿管膀胱种植转移。 结果先后行膀胱镜检+活检术、经尿道膀胱肿物切除术、3D腹腔镜下左肾切除+左输尿管切除术,术中术后病理结果：左肾盂脂肪瘤病合并膀胱黄色肉芽肿性膀胱炎,术后随访6个月未见异常。 结论肾盂脂肪瘤病和膀胱黄色肉芽肿性膀胱炎均为临床上罕见的良性疾病,同一患者同时合并有这两种疾病的病例暂未见报道。该病需与泌尿系统的其他良恶性肿瘤相鉴别,以便正确诊断与及时治疗。     

移植肾动脉血管并发症29例报道并文献复习

目的总结移植肾动脉血管并发症的临床特点与治疗经验。方法 2007年6月至2014年6月解放军281医院收治的322例肾移植患者中,29例肾移植患者术后出现移植肾动脉血管并发症。对29例移植肾血管并发症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结该病的临床特点及治疗经验。结果移植肾动脉吻合口出血2例,移植肾内动脉痉挛23例,移植肾动脉血栓形成2例,移植肾动脉狭窄2例。移植肾动脉吻合口出血患者为术后动脉吻合口出血,予及时手术探查止血。移植肾内动脉痉挛患者,术中给予抗痉挛处理后移植肾由暗红、质地软转为饱满红润。移植肾动血栓形成患者,确诊后立即进行手术探查,移植肾呈暗红色,恢复血供后仍未恢复正常,予以切除。移植肾动脉狭窄,采用球囊扩张及支架置入术,患者血压恢复正常,肾功能正常。结论移植肾动脉血管并发症进展迅速,病情变化快且后果严重,为降低其发生率,提高治愈率,积极预防和果断处理十分重要。     

Lipomeningioma: report of three cases and review of the literature

Lipomeningioma is a benign tumor of the meninges that contains mature adipose tissue. It demonstrates fat density on computed tomographic scan and mixed signal intensities on magnetic resonance imaging scan. Although the pluripotential nature of the mesenchymal cell has long been recognized, only a single case with this diagnosis has been documented in the literature to date. Three patients with this diagnosis seen at the Johns Hopkins Hospital during the last two years are presented, and the literature is reviewed.