基于低频振幅算法的难治性癫痫发作间期静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)探讨难治性癫痫患者发作间期脑功能的改变.方法 对难治性癫痫患者和健康对照的功能磁共振数据均采用低频振荡振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)算法分别进行处理,计算并对比难治性癫痫组相比健康对照组ALFF改变的脑区,分析ALFF改变脑区与病程的相关性.结果 静息状态下难治性癫痫组与对照组相比ALFF值增强的脑区主要有中脑、桥脑、尾状核、额下回及双侧海马旁回、海马等部位;ALFF值减弱的脑区主要有双侧额叶、右侧颞上回、扣带回后部及相邻的楔前叶,且右侧颞中回的ALFF值与病程呈负相关(r=-0.71,P＜0.05).结论 难治性癫痫患者发作间期存在广泛的脑功能异常,且与癫痫病程相关.     

阿尔茨海默病不同频段低频振幅静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的：探讨阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者静息状态下不同频段低频振幅（ALFF）脑功能活动特点。方法使用3.0T磁共振对20例AD患者及20名正常对照者进行脑静息态功能磁共振检查。采用静息态功能磁共振数据处理助手（DPARSF）和静息态功能磁共振数据分析工具包(REST)进行处理及检验统计分析,主要观察Slow-4和Slow-5频率段AD组的脑功能活动特点,用REST软件呈现结果,确定有统计学意义的脑区解剖位置。结果与正常对照组相比,AD患者组ALFF值减低的脑区包括：后扣带回、楔前叶、双侧额叶及双侧顶下小叶（P<0.05）;双侧海马旁回和梭状回、右侧额顶叶、右侧小脑后叶和双侧基底节区的ALFF值则明显升高（P<0.05）;双侧基底节区的自发神经活动对Slow-5频率段更敏感,而较高频率的Slow-4频率段更适合检测出双侧海马旁回及梭状回等脑区自发神经活动的异常。结论 AD患者多个脑区自发神经元活动存在异常,且部分脑区的自发神经元活动存在频率依赖性。     

2型糖尿病患者脑部静息态的功能磁共振成像

目的 采用静息态脑功能成像探索2型糖尿病患者早期脑部功能损伤.方法 对18名2型糖尿病患者及18名健康志愿者进行脑部静息态功能成像及脑部结构像扫描,计算全脑局部一致性(regional homogeneity,ReHo)、低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuatio,ALFF)及双侧海马、后扣带回的功能连接.统计学方法采用成组t检验.结果 2型糖尿病患者较正常对照ReHo减低脑区主要位于右侧丘脑、海马、嗅皮质及左侧壳核,ALFF减低脑区主要位于左侧额中回及右侧缘上回、枕中回.2型糖尿病患者较正常对照海马功能连接主要表现双侧海马之间功能连接的减低,但与其他脑区之间无显著功能连接减低区域;双侧后扣带回与其他脑区之间未见显著功能连接减低区域.结论 2型糖尿病患者早期脑部静息态脑功能主要表现为局部脑区ReHo及ALFF的减低,双侧海马之间功能连接的减低,双侧后扣带回功能连接无显著改变.     

高血压对阿尔茨海默病患者脑结构和功能影响的MRI研究

目的 探讨高血压对阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者脑结构和功能的影响.方法 收集高血压和正常血压AD患者各20例,均行常规MRI、3DT1WI和静息态功能磁共振(rs-fMRI)扫描,采用基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)、低频振幅(ALFF)和局部一致性(ReHo)对两组数据进行对比分析.结果 与正常血压组患者比较,高血压组灰质体积(GM V)显著减少的脑区位于双侧背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶、顶下小叶和眶回(P<0.05);高血压组ALFF显著减低的脑区位于双侧背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶、顶下小叶和右侧颞上回、岛叶,增高的脑区位于右侧海马、海马旁回、岛叶和双侧前扣带回(P<0.05);高血压组ReHo显著减低的脑区位于左侧背外侧前额叶、内侧前额叶、顶下小叶、双侧后扣带回/楔前叶和右侧岛叶,增高的脑区位于左侧颞上回、右侧海马、双侧海马旁回和前扣带回(P<0.05).结论 高血压对 AD脑结构和功能影响主要表现在背外侧前额叶、后扣带回/楔前叶和顶下小叶脑质萎缩和自发神经元活动异常.     

基于局部一致性的重度抑郁症患者脑静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用脑静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)局部一致性(ReHo)方法探讨重度抑郁症(MDD)患者脑区自发性活动特征,评价其与抑郁严重程度的相关性.方法 对24例MDD患者和26例相匹配的康对照组(HC)进行rs-fMRI扫描,分析两组ReHo值,将差异显著的脑区内平均ReHo值与HAMD-17评分进行相关性分析.结果 MDD患者较HC组左侧直回、左侧海马、右侧楔前叶、右侧顶上回、左侧顶下缘角回、右侧楔叶ReHo值显著升高;右背外侧前额叶、右侧后扣带回、左侧枕下回、双侧颞下回、右侧颞上回ReHo值降低(P<0.05,Alphasim矫正).Pearson相关分析显示两组差异脑区左侧海马ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈正相关(r=0.593,P=0.002),右侧后扣带回ReHo值与HAMD-17评分呈负相关(r=-0.431,P=0.035).结论 MDD患者静息态下脑功能损害主要集中于边缘系统及默认网络等多个脑区,且左侧海马与右侧后扣带回局部脑区自发活动的时间同步性与抑郁严重程度存在相关性.ReHo分析可作为抑郁症严重程度评价的潜在生物学标记.     

脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像研究

目的探讨脑肿瘤患者认知异常的静息态脑功能成像。方法选择19例脑肿瘤患者为脑肿瘤组,23例健康体检的志愿者为对照组。所有受试者在静息状态下完成血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像（BOLD-fMRI）检查,采用静息态脑功能成像方法对静息态功能磁共振成像（rs-fMRI）数据进行局部一致性影像（ReHo）、低频振幅影像（ALFF）处理,通过RESTPLUS软件分析脑肿瘤组与对照组ReHo值、ALFF值的差异。结果与对照组比较,脑肿瘤组双侧额下回、双侧颞中回、双侧海马旁回、右侧前扣带回ALFF值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）;中脑、左侧颞中回、双侧颞上回、双侧海马旁回、双侧前扣带回、双侧顶上回、双侧额下回、双侧辅助运动区ReHo值均明显升高（均P＜0.01）。结论脑肿瘤患者在额叶、颞叶、边缘系统及辅助运动区存在着一系列脑部自发神经活动的变化,激活的区域与目前对该脑区认知功能的研究基本符合,且以双侧大脑半球改变为多。     

躯体形式障碍脑静息态功能磁共振成像的低频振幅研究

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍脑静息态低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)改变特点.方法 纳入21例躯体形式障碍(somatoform disorders,SFD)患者和21例年龄、性别、受教育水平严格匹配的正常对照(normal control,NC),使用3.0T磁共振扫描仪采集T2WI、T1WI结构像及静息态功能像数据.对两组受试者的ALFF map行组内和组间比较,并采用AlphaSim(P＜0.01,体素数＞40)进行多重比较校正.然后提取差异脑区的ALFF值与临床数据进行相关性分析.结果 与NC组比较,SFD组ALFF值增高的脑区有:双侧前额叶、双侧前扣带回;ALFF值减低的脑区有:右侧颞叶颞中回、左侧岛叶、左侧旁中央小叶双侧中央后回.SFD组蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA量表)评分与左侧腹内侧前额叶ALFF值呈显著负相关(r=-0.564,P=0.008),症状自评量表(SCL-90)评分与左侧岛叶ALFF值呈显著负相关(r=-0.505,P=0.020),病程与右侧颞叶ALFF值呈显著负相关(r=-0.514,P=0.017).结论 SFD患者脑静息态神经元自发活动存在广泛改变,这些异常活动可部分阐释躯体形式障碍的神经生理基础.     

海洛因成瘾者尾状核静息态功能连接的fMRI改变

目的 以尾状核为感兴趣区进行静息态功能连接分析,研究与海洛因成瘾相关的静息态功能连接异常。方法 以15名男性慢性海洛因成瘾者以及15名年龄、性别和香烟吸食量相当的健康对照作为研究对象。以3.0 T磁共振对受试者进行静息态功能磁共振(fMRI)扫描,利用SPM软件分析两组被试的静息态数据,并在全脑范围内定位与尾状核存在功能连接的脑区。比较成瘾组与健康组之间尾状核功能连接差异。将差异脑区与尾状核之间的功能连接度与海洛因成瘾者吸食毒品时间进行相关分析。结果 与健康对照组相比,成瘾组尾状核与豆状核、杏仁核以及海马之间的功能连接强度明显上升(t=2.8, P<0.005;voxel>5),而与前扣带回的功能连接却显著降低(t=2.8, P<0.005)。左侧杏仁核以及右侧海马与尾状核之间的功能连接度与吸食毒品的时间正相关(r=0.68, P<0.05;r=0.59, P<0.05)。结论 海洛因成瘾后涉及奖赏、记忆以及动机脑功能区之间的静息态功能连接上升,涉及认知控制功能的脑区之间功能连接下降,可能与海洛因成瘾相关。     

阿尔茨海默病的静息态fMRI低频振幅研究

  目的 应用静息态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)低频振幅（(ALFF)方法对阿尔茨海默病(AD) 基线脑活动变化进行研究。 方法　利用GE Signa 3.0T MRI对AD患者组和正常对照组（各18例）分别进行静息态fMRI扫描。应用低频振幅(ALFF)统计方法计算并对比2组ALFF改变的脑区。 结果　静息状态下,AD组患者右侧海马(BA28)及海马旁回(BA36)、左额下回(BA47) 、双侧小脑后叶脑区ALFF值较正常对照组增高,差异有统计学意义( P < 0.001, 未校正);AD组患者楔前叶(BA 7)、后扣带回(BA31) 、左侧丘脑ALFF值较正常对照组减少,差异有统计学意义( P < 0 .001, 未校正)。 结论 AD患者静息态下脑功能区ALFF值产生显著变化。     

静息态功能磁共振下早发未用药精神分裂症患者脑内环路研究

目的探讨静息态下功能磁共振下青少年首发未用药精神分裂症患者脑内环路的异常。方法纳入33例青少年首发未用药精神分裂症(患者组)和34名正常青少年(对照组)为研究对象,均接受静息态功能磁共振扫描(rs-f MRI);采用低频振幅(ALFF)方法对数据进行分析,进行独立样本t检验后分析静息态脑功能的差异。结果患者组在左侧颞下回、右侧海马、右侧尾状核、丘脑ALFF值升高,后扣带回、顶下小叶ALFF值降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论青少年精神分裂症的发病机制可能与纹状体-丘脑-默认网络环路中部分脑区功能异常有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.