花朱顶红中非生物碱类成分研究

目的研究石蒜科植物花朱顶红中非生物碱类成分。方法采用大孔树脂、硅胶、ODS柱色谱分离纯化,经理化常数、光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果分离得到了5个葡糖鞘脂类成分,其结构分别鉴定为(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R-2-羟基十六酰)氨基]-4,8-十八二烯-1,3-二醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷()、(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2R-2-羟基十六酰)氨基]-4,8-十八二烯-1,3-二醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷()、(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R-2-羟基十八酰)氨基]-4,8-十八二烯-1,3-二醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷()、(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-[(2R-2-羟基十八酰)氨基]-4,8-十八二烯-1,3-二醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷()、(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R-2-羟基二十酰)氨基]-4,8-十八二烯-1,3-二醇1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷()。结论它们均为首次从花朱顶红中分得。     

滇重楼的化学成分研究

目的研究滇重楼Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis根茎中的化学成分。方法利用正相硅胶柱色谱、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20、反相制备色谱等手段进行分离纯化,并通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、ESI-MS等波谱技术进行结构鉴定。结果从醋酸乙酯层中分离得到了7个化合物,分别鉴定为豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、1-O-(β-D-葡萄糖基)-(2S,3S,4E,8E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-羟基十六酰氨基]-4(E),8(E)-十八二烯-1,3-二醇(Ⅱ)、β-蜕皮激素(Ⅲ)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)和偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ)。结论化合物Ⅱ为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

灵芝一共生真菌的脑苷类成分研究

目的：为了从灵芝Ganoderma lucidum中寻找新的天然抗肿瘤活性产物，对其次生代谢产物进行了较系统的研究。方法：利用柱层析和制备RP－HPLC从灵芝一共生真菌（Calcarisporium arbuscula)的发酵菌丝体中分得4个脑苷类化合物。结果：通过光谱分析鉴定，分别为：（4E，8E，3‘E,2S,3R,2‘R)-2‘-羟基－3‘-十六烯酰基－1－O－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－9－甲基－4，8－二氢鞘氨二烯醇（I),(4E,8E,2S,3R,2‘R)-2‘-羟基十六烷酰基－1－O－β－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－9－甲基－4，8－二氢鞘氨二烯醇（Ⅱ），（4E,8E,3‘E,2S,3R,2‘R)-2‘-羟基－3‘-十八烯酰基－1－O－D－吡喃葡萄糖基－9－甲基－4，8－二氢鞘氨二烯醇（Ⅲ，2－（2－羟基二十四烷酰氨基）－1，3，4－十八烷三醇（Ⅳ）。结论：I－Ⅳ均首次从齿梗孢属真菌中分离得到。     

黑乳海参中两个新的三萜皂苷

目的从黑乳海参中分离活性皂苷类成分。方法从黑乳海参体内得到的总皂苷溶于吡啶-二氧六环(1∶1)的混合液中,120℃加热2.5 h,应用多种色谱技术对回流产物进行分离纯化,分离得到2个三萜皂苷类化合物。结果应用现代光谱技术(尤其是2D-NM R和ES I-M S技术)和化学方法鉴定其结构:3-O-〔3-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-β-D-吡喃奎诺糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃奎诺糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖〕-海参烷-9-烯-3,β12,α17,α25β-四醇(Ⅰ),命名为黑乳海参皂苷1a;3-O-〔3-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃奎诺糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖〕-海参烷-22,25-环氧-9-烯-3,β12,α17α-三醇(Ⅱ),命名为黑乳海参皂苷2a。结论2个化合物均为新化合物。     

卷丹化学成分的研究

目的研究卷丹Lilium lancifolium Thunb.鳞茎中的化学成分。方法利用柱色谱和重结晶等进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果分离得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为:①β-D-葡萄糖糖基-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,②β-D-果呋喃糖基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,③甲基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,④甲基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,⑤腺嘌呤核苷,⑥胡萝卜苷,⑦1-O-对香豆酰基甘油酯,⑧薯蓣皂苷元3-O-{O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷},⑨(25R)-3β,17α-二羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷,⑩(25R)-3β-羟基-5α-螺甾烷-6-酮-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖基-(1→2)-β-D-葡萄糖苷,(11)(25R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)]β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,(12)二十九烷醇,(13)正二十二烷酸,(14)豆甾醇,(15)β-谷甾醇。结论化合物2、3和化合物5～11均首次从该植物中分离得到。     

剑叶龙血树叶化学成分研究

目的对剑叶龙血树叶的化学成分进行研究。方法采用柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,利用理化性质及波谱方法对实验得到的单体化合物进行结构鉴定。结果共得到13个单体化合物,分别鉴定为异鼠李素(Ⅰ)、槲皮素(Ⅱ)、25(R)-螺甾烷-5烯-3-β-醇(Ⅲ)、纤细皂苷(Ⅳ)、25(R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β,14α-二醇(Ⅴ)、25(R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β,14α-二醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅵ)、25(R)-螺甾烷-5-烯-3β,14α-二醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(Ⅶ)、25(R)-螺甾烷-14α-羟基-4-烯-3-酮(Ⅷ)、7β-羟基-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、β-豆甾醇(Ⅹ)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅺ)、胡萝卜苷(ⅩⅡ)、β-甲基葡萄糖苷(ⅩⅢ)。结论剑叶龙血树叶的主要成分为螺甾类化合物。化合物Ⅰ~Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ均为首次从该植物中得到。     

二色桌片参中两个新三萜皂苷脱硫衍生物

目的:分离并鉴定二色桌片参体内的皂苷类化合物的结构.方法:从二色桌片参体内提取得到的总皂苷溶于吡啶∶二氧六环(1∶1)的混合液中,120℃加热2.5 h,应用多种色谱技术对回流产物进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构.结果:分离并鉴定了2个三萜皂苷类化合物:16β-乙酰氧基-3-O-[3-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃木糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃奎诺糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-海参烷-7,22 Z,24-三烯-3β-醇(Ⅰ),16β-乙酰氧基-3-O-[3-O-甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃木糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃奎诺糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃木糖]-海参烷-7,24-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅱ).结论:二色桌片参中提取的2个三萜皂苷脱硫衍生物均为新化合物.     

盾叶薯蓣中甾体皂苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的 对盾叶薯蓣进行化学成分研究.方法 利用反相色谱技术分离盾叶薯蓣水相部分中的化学成分,用1H-NMR、13C-NMR、135DEPT、HMQC和HMBC等方法鉴定其结构.结果 从新鲜的盾叶薯蓣根茎分得3个甾体皂苷,分别鉴定为薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-毗喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅰ)、(25R)-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-呋甾烷-5-烯-3β,22ζ二醇-7-羰基3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→4)-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)]0β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ).结论 化合物Ⅱ为一新甾体皂苷,命名为盾叶薯蓣皂苷H(zingiberenin H).     

兴安白头翁根茎的化学成分研究

目的 研究毛莨科兴安白头翁Pulsatilla dahurica根茎的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、高效液相制备色谱对兴安白头翁化学成分进行分离,通过理化性质和波谱方法鉴定其结构.结果 从兴安白头翁根茎中分离得到11个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅰ)、3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅱ)、ciwujianoside C3(Ⅲ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅳ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅴ)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂苷元28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(Ⅵ)、6,7-二甲氧基香豆素(Ⅶ)、5,6,7-三甲氧基香豆素(Ⅷ)、4,7-二甲氧基-5-甲基香豆素(Ⅸ)、5,7-二甲氧基-6-羟基香豆素(Ⅹ)、(4S,5R)-4-羟基-5-羟甲基-呋喃-2-酮(Ⅺ).结论 以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

半夏中抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α产生的新脑苷

目的 研究半夏Pinellia ternata鲜块茎中的生物活性成分,为其质量评价提供科学依据.方法 采用多种柱色谱方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和谱学方法鉴定结构.采用MTT法,体外观察化合物对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的抑制作用.结果 分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为环阿屯醇(Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)、α-棕榈精(Ⅲ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅳ)、异半夏苷(1-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(2S,3R,4E,11Z)-2-[(2R-羟基十六碳烯酰基)氨基]-4,11-十八碳二烯-1,3-二醇,Ⅴ)、胡萝卜苷-6'-O-二十烷酸酯(β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-6'-O-二十烷酸酯,Ⅵ)、尿嘧啶(Ⅶ)和蔗糖(Ⅷ).环阿屯醇和异半夏苷在10 μmol/L对LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞产生TNF-α的抑制率分别为54.7%和47.5%.结论 异半夏苷为新化合物,半夏抗炎作用可能与环阿屯醇和异半夏苷有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.