生地、知母、黄芪合剂对老年大鼠脑M受体亚型的影响

本文采用M受体选择性拮抗剂Pirenzepine对~3H-QNB与脑M受体结合的竞争性抑制实验,通过一定的数学模型算出M_1、M_2两种亚型受体的数量及KI值,用于观察自然衰老大鼠脑M受体亚型变化和补益药生地、知母、黄芪合剂对它们的影响,结果表明:老年大鼠脑M_1受体比青年对照组明显降低(t=4.4P<0.001),而老年大鼠用生知黄合剂后脑M_1受体明显升高(t=3.8 P<0.01)。KD值、Hill系数、以及M_2受体数均未见明显变化。     

老年大鼠脑M受体亚型的变化及知母的调整作用

用M_1受体选择性拮抗剂PZ对~3H—QNB与青年大鼠脑受体结合的竞争抑制实验,通过双位点数学模型求出M_1、M_2两种亚型受体的RT及K1值,均与文献值相近。对老年大鼠的平行实验表明,老年组脑内高亲和力受体(M_1)数明显降低,但亲和力不变;低亲和力受体(主要为M_2)数量及亲和力均无明显变化。连续口服知母水提物3～4个月的老年大鼠与配对的对照老年大鼠相比,表明知母能明显提高高亲和力受体的数量,但不影响其亲和力;知母对低亲和力受体数量及亲和力均无明显影响。     

ZMS对自然衰老小鼠脑M受体调整作用的时效和量效研究

目的:观察滋阴中药知母中活性成分ZMS的不同剂量和不同疗程对老龄小鼠脑M受体的调整作用.方法:纯系老年Balb/c小鼠,每天胃管灌服一定剂量ZMS,以对M受体无选择性3H-QNB为放射配基,用单点放射配基结合分析法测定脑M受体密度,和灌服溶媒的平行老年小鼠做统计比较.结果:ZMS 0.5-5.0mg/d 2个月后能使老年小鼠脑M受体密度明显高于不服药的同龄对照鼠.ZMS 0.5mg/d剂量下,随用药时间延长,对老龄小鼠脑M受体的上调作用越来越明显,用药60d和160d组与对照组比较有显著差异.上述大、中、小三种剂量组的死亡率与老年对照组做x2检验,均明显降低.结论:知母甙元ZMS对老龄小鼠脑M受体具有上调作用,并与剂量和疗程成正相关.     

知母对老年动物脑M受体数调整作用的机理

整体脑Ｍ受体代谢动力学实验表明，老年小鼠脑Ｍ受体的生成和降解均慢于青年对照，前者减慢的程度超过后者，导致生成和降解速率的失平衡，从而使受体密度在降低水平上达到新的稳态，知母水提物长期口服同时促进脑Ｍ受体的合成和降解，对合成的加快作用更强，所以知母提高衰老时脑Ｍ受体密度的机制主要在促进受体分子的生成，从而纠正生成和降解的失平衡。离体实验中知母有效成分ＳＡＲ对脑Ｍ受体与３Ｈ－ＱＮＢ的结合无竞争作用，故知母的上述作用并非属于Ｍ受体拮抗剂的性质。     

首乌制剂对老年大鼠脑胆碱能M受体的作用研究

本实验观察了中药首乌制剂对老年大鼠脑皮层和海马内胆碱能M受体结合容量（Rt）的影响，结果表明，老年大鼠脑皮层和海马内胆碱能M受体Rt值随增龄而明显下降，首乌醇提浸膏和水提浸膏（2g/kg天）可明显增强老年大鼠脑皮层和海马内胆碱能M受体Rt值，由此推测：首乌制剂具有延缓脑内胆碱能神经系统老化作用。     

滋阴,助阳药对β肾上腺素受体及M胆碱受体的双向调节作用

阴虚和阳虚是两组常见的症候群,可发生在很多原因和机制各不相同的疾病,且表现为多个器官和组织的功能变化,为此滋阴或助阳药的治疗作用可能不是直接影响个别脏器的功能,而是通过机体的调控系统来实现的,有些中药有可能直接或间接影响细胞调     

脑尔康对老年痴呆小鼠学习记忆障碍及脑M受体的影响

中药抗痴呆是临床治疗研究老年期痴呆的重要手段［１］，脑尔康系复方中药制剂，临床用于治疗脑血管疾病，前期研究表明：该药对东莨菪碱所致小鼠学习记忆障碍有明显的改善作用［２］，并有清除氧自由基的作用。为进一步探讨其作用机理，本研究通过慢性铝中毒造成老年痴呆小鼠模型，观察该药对小鼠学习记忆障碍及脑Ｍ受体含量的影响。１材料与方法１．１动物 健康昆明种雄性小鼠 ２只，体重 ３０ ４ｇ，月龄 １２ ２月。随机分为６组，每组１０只，分笼饲养。１．２主要仪器和设备 小鼠跳台：按文献自制［３］，为一１０× １０ × ｃｍ的被…     

知母皂甙元对原代培养的神经细胞M受体密度和代谢动力学的影响

本文目的是用原代培养的神经细胞探讨知母皂甙元（ＺＭＳ）对神经细胞Ｍ受体的调节作用。主要方法是：用原代培养的神经细胞，用Ｍ受体非选择性拮抗剂３Ｈ－ＱＮＢ结合分析法测定Ｍ受体密度，并以Ｍ受体不可逆阻断剂苯甲基偶酰基胆碱氮芥（ＢＣＭ）为工具，测定Ｍ受体代谢动力学参数。主要结果：向不同培养天数（９～１５天）的神经细胞加入ＺＭＳ（０．１ｍｍｏｌＬ－１），作用４８小时后对Ｍ受体密度均有显著的上调作用（Ｐ＜０．０１）。各种浓度的ＺＭＳ（０．１～１００ｕｍｏｌＬ－１）对３Ｈ－ＱＮＢ的结合均无明显抑制作用。用（０．１ｍｍｏｌＬ－１）的ＺＭＳ显著升高Ｍ受体的合成速率（Ｐ＜０．０１），而对降解速率常数无影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：ＺＭＳ能使培养９～１５天的原代配养的大鼠神经细胞的Ｍ受体密度上调，这种作用和激动剂或拮抗剂不同，并非ＺＭＳ直接作用于Ｍ受体结合位点所引起，而是由于ＺＭＳ能促进Ｍ受体的生成。离体培养的环境相对衡定，可以排除神经体液的间接作用。     

黄芪对老年大鼠脑M胆碱受体的调节作用

用放射自显影方法观察自然衰老大鼠不同脑区M胆碱受体密度的变化和温阳益气药黄芪的调整作用。结果显示,所得脑切片自显影灰度层次清晰,主要分布在皮质、海马、纹状体等部位,非特异结合灰度很低。老年鼠组皮质、海马、纹状体的灰度显著低于青年鼠组,分别降低24.87％、14.12％、12.76％(P均<0.05),老年鼠服黄芪组3个部位的灰度均明显高于老年鼠对照组,分别升高24.15％、14.38％和13.47％(P<0.05)。表明黄芪对衰老大鼠降低的脑M胆碱受体密度有上调作用。     

调神方对类AD大鼠胆碱能系统和NO含量的影响

目的 :观察调神方对类 AD大鼠胆碱能系统和 NO含量的影响。方法 :在 D-半乳糖皮下注射导致大鼠亚急性中毒而致早衰的基础上 ,再用兴奋性氨基酸受体激动剂喹啉酸 (QA)海马内注射 ,造成类 AD大鼠模型 ,采用 Y-电迷宫、放射免疫法和硝酸还原酶法分别检测大鼠的学习记忆、胆碱能系统和 NO。结果 :调神方能明显提高模型大鼠 Y-电迷宫正确次数 ,明显上调 Ch AT活性、 M-受体 Rt值和降低 NO含量。结论 :调神方可改善类 AD大鼠的学习记忆能力     

Efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis

The study was designed to investigate efficacy and safety of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) in the treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). AM is an active component in the herbal and mineral complex (HMC) registered in Croatia as a food supplement Lectranal^®. The study was designed as a 6‐weeks, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial and conducted in 48 adult patients with a moderate to severe SAR. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by the mean change in the symptom score (TSS), quality of life (QoL), specific serum IgE and IgG, nasal eosinophils, and physicians' and patients' global evaluation. Compared to placebo, HMC significantly decreased the intensity of rhinorrhea while for other primary efficacy variables the treatment groups did not differ. In contrast, investigators and patients equally judged the treatment with HMC as more efficacious. In addition, the analysis of changes from baseline inside the groups for TSS, QoL, and 4 main symptoms of SAR were strikingly in favor of the active treatment. In patients with SAR due to weed pollen allergy HMC significantly improved primary variables, reflective TSS and QoL. The study revealed a significant number of positive signals indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of the HMC in patients with SAR which should be further tested in larger, multicentre trials with more patients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Decreased muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Aegle marmelose leaf extract's therapeutic function

AIM: In the present study we have investigated the changes in the total muscarinic and muscarinic M1 receptor ([(3)H]QNB) binding and gene expression in the cerebral cortex of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic, insulin and aqueous extract of Aegle marmelose leaf treated diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced in rats by intrafemoral injection of streptozotocin. Aegle marmelose leaves was given orally to one group of rats at a dosage of 1g/kg body weight per day for fourteen days. Blood glucose and plasma insulin level were measured. Muscarinic and Muscarinic M1 receptor binding studies were done in the cerebral cortex of experimental rats. Muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression was studied using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Scatchard analysis for total muscarinic receptors in cerebral cortex showed that the B(max) was decreased significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic rats with a significant decrease (p<0.01) in the K(d) when compared to control group. Binding analysis of Muscarinic M1 receptors showed that B(max) was decreased significantly (p<0.001) in diabetic group when compared to control group. The K(d) also decreased significantly (p<0.01) when compared to control group. The binding parameters were reversed to near control by the treatment of diabetic rats with Aegle marmelose. Real-Time PCR analysis also showed a similar change in the mRNA levels of muscarinic M1 receptors. CONCLUSION: The results showed that there is decrease in total muscarinic and muscarinic M1 receptors during diabetes which is up regulated by insulin and Aegle marmelose leaf extract treatment. This has clinical significance in therapeutic management of diabetes.     

大剂量黄芪对急性白血病患儿外周血树突状细胞的诱导和抗原呈递功能的影响

目的观察大剂量黄芪对急性白血病患儿外周血单核细胞体外诱导扩增为树突状细胞（DC）及对DC抗原呈递功能的影响。方法44例急性白血病完全缓解期患儿分为黄芪组与对照组,黄芪组20例,对照组24例。黄芪组于常规化疗同时应用大剂量黄芪（90g／d）1个月,对照组仅常规化疗。提取两组外周血单个核细胞（MNC）,贴壁获得单核细胞,加入白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM—CSF）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）等细胞因子培养7～8天,利用流式细胞仪进行DC的表型鉴定,用混合淋巴细胞反应鉴定DC的抗原呈递能力。结果黄芪组与对照组从外周血单核细胞诱导生成的DC形态学差异无显著性;黄芪组DC的细胞数量平均为4．4×10^6／2．5×10^6MNC,对照组DC的数量平均为2．6×10^6／2．5×10^6MNC,两组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．001）;黄芪组DC可较强地刺激同种异体淋巴细胞增殖,与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．001）。结论大剂量黄芪可提高急性白血病患者外周血单核细胞诱导生成DC的数量并增强DC的抗原呈递功能。     

黄芪及其衍生物对慢性心力衰竭大鼠模型保护作用的研究进展

综述黄芪及其衍生物治疗大鼠心力衰竭的作用机制。黄芪及其衍生物可通过“多途径、多靶点”治疗慢性心力衰竭,其作用机制主要表现在改善心功能、抑制心肌肥厚、改善能量代谢 、抑制钙超载、抑制心力衰竭相关细胞因子、干预神经内分泌系统、降低氧自由基含量抑制等方面。     

Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of hexane extract of some Astragalus species grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey

Medical plants and their various extracts have been occasionally used in the treatment of many diseases. Astragalus is one of those medical plants and it has several biological activities. In the present study, the hexane extracts of six Astragalus species, which are grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, were isolated, and their mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA tester strains at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/plate concentrations. Known mutagens sodium azide (NaN₃), 9‐Aminoacridine (9‐AA) and N‐Methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used to determine antimutagenic properties of hexane extracts. The results showed that all hexane extracts, investigated in the present study, can be considered genotoxically safe because they do not have mutagenic activity at the tested concentrations. But, a great many of them have antimutagenic activity against 9‐Aminoacridine known as a model intercalator agent. The inhibition rates obtained from the antimutagenicity assays ranged from 27.51% (A. macrocephalus – 0.05 μg/plate) to 54.39% (A. galegiformis – 5 μg/plate). These activities are valuable toward an extension of the employ of these drugs as new phytotherapeutic or preservative ingredients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vitro study of the interaction of Tilia europeae L. aqueous extract with GABAA receptors in rat brain

The interaction of GABA_A receptor-complex in rat brain was investigated in vitro with aqueous extracts obtained from the inflorescences of Tilia europeae L., using the [³H]muscimol and [³H]flunitrazepam binding techniques to synaptic membranes and the uptake of ³⁶Cl^- to synaptoneurosomes from cortices. The extract inhibited [³H]muscimol binding, stimulated ³⁶ClCl^- uptake by synaptoneurosomes and displaced at high concentrations, the [³H]flunitrazepam bound to synaptic membranes. When analysed by HPLC, the aqueous extract of Tilia europeae L. contained several amino acids, including GABA (about 100 μM ). This GABA content can justify the displacement of [³H]muscimol produced by the extract but it did not increase the binding of [³H]flunitrazepam, as expected. Probably the extract contains other benzodiazepine-like substances which displace the [³H]flunitrazepam binding and counteract the expected GABA-induced increase in [³H]flunitrazepam binding. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中医药治疗2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗及对IL-6的影响

搜集近10年来中医药治疗2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗及对IL-6的影响的研究成果,分析IL-6与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的关系、IL-6在2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗中的作用机理以及中医药对IL-6的影响,探讨中医药治疗2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的研究现状,寻找不足,促进发展。     

The effects of ear-point stimulation on the contents of somatostatin and Amino acid neurotransmitters in brain of rat with experimental seizure

The goal of this study was to elucidate the anti-convulsion mechanisms of ear-point stimulation in rat with experimental seizure. We prepared the epilepsy rats by intrahippocampal injection of penicillin. One hour later the lower 1/2 auricular lobules of seizure rats, containing ear-points Pizhixia and Shenmen etc., was electrically stimulated, which was imitated as ear-point electrical acupuncture in humans. Radioimmunoassay and biochemical techniques were used to determine the contents of somatostatin and amino acid neurotransmitters in hippocampus of rats. The outcomes revealed epileptiform behaviors of rat were appeared after penicillin-injected. The contents of somatostatin, aspartic acid, glutamine and GABA were increased. When these rats were subsequently given the ear-point electrical stimulation, the convulsion behaviors were definitely improved. At the same time the contents of the somatostatin, aspartic acid and glutamine in hippocampus of seizure rat were significantly decreased correspondingly. The contents of glycine, taurine and GABA had increased. Based on the results above, it was suggestive that ear-point electrical stimulation had anti-epilepsy effects, which might be involved in the decreases of the contents of the somatostatin, aspartic acid and glutamine, and increases of the contents of glycine, taurine and GABA in hippocampus of seizure rat.     

基于脑心同治理论探讨老年高血压的论治特点

高血压是心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素之一,老年高血压具有特殊的临床表现,运用脑心同治理论,临床辨证施治,既可平稳血压,又对靶器官有一定保护和治疗作用,体现了中医药的整体观念、标本兼治、治未病的理念和优势,值得深入研究。