Ageing and longevity genes in cardiovascular diseases

Over the last century, Western societies experienced a demographic shift driven by increased lifespan and decreased fertility, resulting in the subversion of the world's demographic pyramid. In ageing societies, cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortality, thus representing a major societal and economic burden. Indeed, ageing associates with the deterioration of a genetic network implicated in senescence and longevity, orchestrating deleterious cellular processes that converge in the structural and functional decline of both the myocardium and the vasculature. In this review, we revise a compendium of genes involved in these processes and delineate possible strategies to interfere with them. Dietary interventions (eg intermittent fasting) and sirtuin‐activating compounds are among the most promising interventions shown to promote protective effects on the ageing cardiovascular system. We conclude that ageing and longevity genes modulate cardiovascular function by acting on deleterious downstream processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, thus representing promising targets for the prevention and treatment of age‐related cardiovascular dysfunction.     

盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏治疗中重度牙周炎近期疗效观察

目的：评价牙科用盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏（商品名派丽奥）对中重度牙周炎患者的临床疗效,并与常用药物甲硝唑棒（牙康）进行比较。方法：将76例中重度牙周炎患者随机分为盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏观察组和甲硝唑棒对照组,测定用药前后两组各项指标的变化。结果：盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏近期对牙周袋病原菌有很好抗菌作用。其有效率为91．3％,用药后两纽观察指标均有不同程度下降,各项指数治疗前后有显著性差异（P〉0．05）,近期用药两者之间的临床疗效比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：盐酸二甲胺四环素软膏可以和甲硝唑棒一样作为治疗中重度牙周炎的缓释抗菌药物,对减轻牙龈出血、消除牙龈炎症有良好治疗作用。     

Vitapex糊剂对牙根尖周病的临床治疗观察

目的探讨Vitapex治疗根尖周病的临床效果情况。方法分析口腔科收治的239例根尖周病患者临床资料,依据治疗根尖周病的方法不同进行随机分组,对照组39例和观察组200例。结果观察组X线片显示,观察组根尖周病患者疗效情况明显优于对照组,χ2=15.83,P<0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论 Vitapex治疗根尖周病患者临床症状改善明显,提高了抗菌效果,值得临床推广应用。     

牙周病实验动物模型的建立和应用

本文根据牙周病的最新研究进展,探讨在原有的造模方法基础上用改进的实验方法在短期内建立牙周病实验动物模型,用于牙周病病因分析、诊断治疗和经口腔黏膜给药的药理学研究等,也为其它口腔黏膜实验动物模型的建立提供参考。     

钙通道阻滞剂与心血管免疫炎症的关系

近年来发现钙离子活动与心血管免疫和炎症有密切关系,钙通道阻滞剂对心血管免疫炎症的影响正逐渐受到研究者的关注。该文分别阐述了心血管免疫炎症机制、钙离子在免疫炎症中的作用、钙通道阻滞剂对心血管免疫炎症的影响及其未来在心血管病应用中新的意义。     

老年患者慢性根尖周炎疗效观察

目的 研究老年患者慢性根尖周炎的疗效。方法 对98例患慢性根尖周炎的老年人在接受根管治疗或空管药物疗法2～10年后的116颗牙进行复查;以周期治疗的80例中青年人的100颗同类牙作对照复查。采用根尖周指数(periapi-cal index,PAI)评定X光片并结合临床检查,对其疗效进行评价。结果 两组总疗效差异无显著性(P>0.05),但治疗后5年以上的治愈率相比,老年组(62.7％)明显低于中青年组(76.4％)(P<0.05)。结论 老年组慢性根尖周炎的远期疗效较中青年组为差。     

超声洁治术后不同牙面抛光方法的研究

目的：探讨超声波洁治术及喷砂术后进行牙面磨光的理想方法。方法：选择32颗因牙周炎而拔除的牙齿，随机分为6组，未经超声洁治术组；超声洁治术后，不作抛光处理组；洁治术后用橡皮杯轮蘸国产抛光膏抛光组；洁治术后用美国3种不同直径颗粒抛光膏抛光组；洁治术后用喷砂抛光牙面组；洁治术后用日本产矽粒子抛光牙面组。磨光牙面后。用扫描电镜观察。结果：未洁治牙齿表面有呈纤维状或块状的牙垢和牙菌斑．洁治后未抛光牙面粗糙不平或有划痕缺损。抛光后表面整洁，且小颗粒抛光剂抛光后．表面平整光洁，见不到缺损痕迹。用日本产固体矽粒子抛光后，表面光洁度最高，原有缺损需极仔细对比观察方可判定。喷砂牙面表面光洁但可见众多浅凹痕，多数为不规则小点状。结论：经过超声波洁治术、喷砂后应该用一些进口的细颗粒抛光膏或矽粒子进行牙面磨光，使牙面提高光洁度，用矽粒子效果最好。     

牙周炎与糖尿病相互作用影响的分子机制研究进展

糖尿病和牙周炎之间存在相互影响关系,糖尿病患者常会伴发重度牙周炎或难治性牙周炎,而牙周炎的发生往往会进一步加重糖尿病病情,但二者之间相互作用的机制尚不清楚。从氧化应激通路、DAG-PKC通路、炎性因子机制、AGEs-RAGE通路、凋亡通路等信号通路角度,综述了糖尿病与牙周炎相互促进的分子作用机制研究进展,以期为糖尿病性牙周炎的临床治疗和药物研发提供参考。     

某地区广泛性侵袭性牙周炎发病特点的初步研究

目的通过收集固原地区牙周病患者中广泛性侵袭性牙周炎的患者来分析固原地区发病特点来知道以后牙周炎的治疗。方法选取无全身疾病牙周病患者215例,依照民族和年龄分别比较广泛性侵袭性牙周炎的发病比例。结果回族侵袭性性牙周炎发病率明显高于汉族,固原地区广泛性侵袭性牙周炎的好发年龄在31～40岁。结论两族教育普及水平与侵袭性牙周炎发展密切相关。     

IL-19 and IL-20: two novel cytokines with importance in inflammatory diseases

IL-19 and IL-20 are two cytokines that were discovered in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Based on the structure and location of their genes, their primary and secondary protein structures and the used receptor complexes, they were classified with IL-10, IL-22, IL-24, IL-26, IL-28 and IL-29 in the IL-10 family of cytokines, and form a subgroup with IL-24 within this family. IL-19 and IL-20 are produced by monocytes as well as non-immune tissue cells under inflammatory conditions. IL-19 and IL-20 act via a receptor complex that consists of the IL-20R1 and IL-20R2 chains. IL-20 is additionally able to signal via a second receptor complex (IL-22R1/IL-20R2). It is controversial whether or not IL-19 and IL-20 regulate the function of immune cells. However, the expression of their receptors aliments the perception that the cells of the skin, lungs and reproductive organs as well as various glands are major targets of these mediators. Results from animal experiments and massively increased expression of these mediators in human inflamed tissues support the assumption that they play an important role in the pathogenesis of a few inflammatory diseases. For this reason, the authors have reviewed the facts known at present regarding these cytokines and postulate that IL-19 and IL-20 are pharmacologically interesting distal elements of an inflammatory cascade.     

白细胞介素22结合蛋白在炎症相关性疾病中的研究进展

白细胞介素22结合蛋白（IL-22BP）是一种可溶性受体同系物,与白细胞介素受体（IL-22R）具有高度同源性,且其与白细胞介素（IL）-22结合的亲和力远高于IL-22R。IL-22BP可通过与IL-22结合抑制其表达来发挥维持机体免疫稳态的作用。该文对IL-22BP的产生、调节、分型以及在炎症相关性疾病中的研究进展加以综述,并探讨其作为治疗靶标的可行性。     

Vagal nerve modulation: a promising new therapeutic approach for cardiovascular diseases

The physiological activities of the mammalian heart are regulated by the autonomic nervous system. An imbalanced autonomic nervous system with increased sympathetic tone and reduced vagal tone has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases. Experimental and clinical reports have demonstrated that vagal nerve activation is able to improve outcomes for multiple cardiovascular diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia and hypertension. In this paper, we mainly focus on the potential cardioprotective mechanisms of vagal nerve activation. Based on the knowledge gained from our experiments and other published reports, vagal activation results in cardioprotection is not only associated with heart rate, anti-adrenergic effect but also related to anti-inflammatory activity, regulation of cellular redox states and regulation of mitochondrial targets. In conclusion, vagal nerve activation may be a promising new therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.     

根管治疗术治疗干髓术后根尖周炎87例临床观察

目的：探讨根管治疗术治疗干髓术后根尖周炎的疗效。方法：对2002—2006年收治的干髓术失败引起根尖周炎病例87例共102颗患牙进行根管治疗。结果：经治2年,成功率为83．3％。结论：根管治疗术是治疗干髓术后根尖周炎的有效方法。     

盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效分析

目的探讨盐酸米诺环素软膏治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效。方法选择于2011年11月至2012年11月在我院口腔门诊治疗的慢性牙周炎患者150例,将其分为观察组和对照组,每组75例,观察组采用常规治疗手段并辅用盐酸米诺软膏治疗,对照组给予常规治疗,观察对比两组患者的临床治疗效果。结果两组治疗后的菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周袋探诊深度(PD)、牙龈出血指数(SBI)与治疗前相比,均有明显改善,实验组改善程度更为明显(P<0.05)。结论使用常规治疗手段并辅以盐酸米诺环素软膏,对慢性牙周炎治疗效果明显,值得临床推广。     

心理暗示治疗对慢性牙周炎患者负性情绪及疼痛的效果分析

目的:探析在慢牙周炎患者中选取心理暗示治疗对疼痛和负性情绪的临床影响作用。方法:项目资料为2017年11月~2018年11月期间收治的66例慢性牙周炎患者,参考随机法实施研究。参照组(n=33)行常规超声洁治处理,实验组(n=33)行心理暗示治疗,观察两组治疗情况。结果:参照组慢性牙周炎患者疼痛评分、SAS评分、SDS评分与实验组数值比对,P<0.05,表明数据指标之间的统计学意义。结论:使用心理暗示治疗在慢性牙周炎患者中可显著缓解不良情绪,降低疼痛程度,提升治疗效果。     

Kinins and cardiovascular diseases

Kinins are synthesized from their precursors by different enzymes and participate in the regulation of cardiovascular function through bradykinin (BK) B1 and B2 receptors. They modulate blood coagulation by exerting antithrombotic and profibrinolytic actions. By activating B2 receptors that results in the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin, kinins inhibit vascular smooth muscle growth and neointima formation, which may play an inhibitory role on the atherosclerosis development, while through the activation of B1 receptors, they may play a deleterious role in this disease. Kinins are potent endogenous vasodilators that are involved in the regulation of coronary vascular tone. However, due to their metabolic characteristics, these peptides act mainly as an autocrine/paracrine factor to locally regulate blood perfusion of organs. By modulating cellular energy metabolism and myocardial oxygen consumption, they protect cardiac and vascular endothelial function in myocardial ischemia and heart failure. Finally, mounting evidence indicates that kinins are involved in the actions of some drugs actually used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin AT1 receptor antagonists. Taken together, the kinin system constitutes a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. Experiments in animals attempted to explore the kinin system as a therapeutic means, including the mobilization of endogenous kinins using pharmacological agents, searching BK analogs with long-acting properties and gene therapies. However, the potential values of the kinin system have not been taken into consideration in clinical practice for cardiovascular indications.     

Leptin and cardiovascular diseases

Although obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the endogenous relationship between obesity and CVD is still not fully clear. Emerging evidence from both animal and human studies indicates that leptin may play an important role in obesity-related CVD. Besides modulating appetite and metabolism, leptin has also been shown to increase sympathetic nerve activity, stimulate generation of reactive oxygen species, upregulate endothelin-1 production and potentiate platelet aggregation. These effects of leptin may contribute to hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis in obese individuals. Better understanding the mechanisms of leptin resistance should facilitate therapeutic approaches to reverse the phenomenon of selective leptin resistance. These recent discoveries could lead to novel strategies for treatment of obesity-associated CVD.     

健脾护齿方治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效评价

目的通过健脾护齿方结合牙周基础治疗治疗慢性牙周炎的临床观察,观察其治疗慢性牙周炎的临床疗效。方法将40例中、重度慢性牙周炎患者随机分为两组。实验组予以健脾护齿方结合牙周基础治疗,对照组仅予以牙周基础治疗,疗程3个月。对治疗前后患者的菌斑指数(PLI)、牙周探诊出血指数(BOP)、牙周探诊深度(PPD)和牙周附着水平(PAL),龈沟液中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-8以及血清中总钙(Ca)、无机磷(P)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)进行检测。结果治疗3个月后两组病例各项指标较治疗前均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组病例间治疗后PLI和BOP不存在统计学差异(P>0.05);但PPD和PAL则有明显下降(P<0.05)。实验组治疗3个月后ALP水平有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论表明健脾护齿方结合牙周基础治疗对慢性牙周炎患者有较好的治疗效果,同时对血清ALP也有调节作用。     

炎性细胞因子与阿尔采末病

阿尔采末病 (AD)是一个复杂的病理生理过程 ,脑特异性炎症反应在其发病中起重要作用 ,有多种炎症细胞因子的参与 ,如IL 1、IL 6、TNF α和TGF β等。这些细胞因子在AD患者的脑中表达都明显地增加 ,可以激活小胶质细胞(MC)和星形细胞 (AC) ,活化的MC和AC又可引起炎症细胞因子产生 ,它们共同参与脑局部炎症过程 ,与神经纤维缠结和老年斑的形成密切相关。