宁夏枸杞多糖对CC14损伤大鼠肝脏的保护作用

以ＣＣ１４诱发大鼠肝脏脂挝过氧化为自由基损伤模型，观察枸杞多糖，不同剂量（２５ｍｇ／１００ｇＮＷ６ｄ＾－１；５０ｍｇ／１００ｇＢＷ．ｄ＾－１）对鼠肝的保护作用。结果低剂量组能明显降低肝中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）及甘油三脂（ＴＧ）（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｐ〈０．０５）；两剂量组均能明显升高肝中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性（Ｐ〈０．００１）。提示ＬＢＰ对鼠肝自由基损伤有保护作用。高剂量级至ＭＤＡ是ＴＧ降低作用不明显     

山莨菪碱和肠道吸附剂对兔急性油酸肺损伤的作用

目的：探讨脂质过氧化和中分子物质在兔实验性急性油酸肺损伤中的作用以及山莨菪碱和肠道吸附剂对油酸肺损伤的防治效应。方法：１８ 只兔由耳缘静脉注入油酸０．１ ｍ ｌ／ｋｇ 体重形成急性肺损伤模型,其中１０ 只以山莨菪碱１０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重和肠道吸附剂１ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重分别处理（各５ 只）作为处理组,另８只作为实验组。结果：油酸组与生理盐水对照组相比,全血超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活力显著减低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 和Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;血浆和ＢＡＬＦ中的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）和丙二醛与脂质系数（ＭＤＡ／Ｌｉｐｉｄ）均明显增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０５～０．０１）;ＢＡＬＦ中的ＡＬＰ、ＡＬＢ和肺系数都显著增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;血浆和ＢＡＬＦ中的ＭＭＳ也显著增加（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。山莨菪碱组和肠道吸附剂组分别与油酸组相比,ＳＯＤ与ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ 活力均增加（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）;除了血浆ＭＤＡ外,其它相应指标均有减低（Ｐ＜ ０．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。结论：脂质过氧化和中分子物质参与油酸肺损伤的发病,山莨菪碱和肠道吸附剂对兔油酸肺损伤有防治作用。     

实验性慢性肾衰早期血浆脂质水平动态变化的研究

本文对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ鼠５／６肾切除ＣＲＦ条件形成分别在１０、２０、３０、４０ｄ各时相点，同时测定试组对照组血浆中ＴＧ、Ｔ－Ｃｈ、Ｔ－ＰＬ及相关的载体白（ａｐｏＡ＝１、ａｐｏＢ）和脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－Ｃｈ，ＨＤＬ－Ｃｈ）等项水平进行了系统动态观察。结果显示，ＴＧ水平在１０ｄ，Ｔ－ＣＬ、ＬＤＬ一Ｃｈ和ａｐｏＢ含量在２０ｄ时相点上始增多，并呈上升趋势。ＴＧ在２０ｄ，Ｔ－Ｃｈ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃｈ在３０ｄ分别开始明显高于同时相点对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）ａｐｏＢ在４０ｄ明显高于同时相点对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）．而ａｐｏＡ－１、ＨＤＬ－Ｃｈ、ＰＬ－Ｐ含量均在１０ｄ开始下降，并呈下降趋势，在３０ｄａｐｏＡ－１、ＨＤＬ－Ｃｈ开始明显低于同时相点对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）．揭示了ＣＲＦ早存在着脂质代谢异常，并提示尤为ＴＧ的增高，可能成为脂质代谢异常最早期的诊断指标。本文从分子水平阐明了ＣＲＦ早期脂质代谢异常的发生、发展及各组份的分布状态，它们之间的相互关系和作用。无疑为ＣＲＦ脂质代谢异常早期预防。治疗提供一定的理论根据。     

内源性高甘油三酯血症患者血浆高密度脂蛋白亚类分析

内源性高甘油三酯血症（ＨＴＧ）常伴血浆ＨＤＬ－Ｃ含量下降及ＨＤＬ组成异常。为了研究ＨＴＧ患者血浆ＨＤＬ亚类的改变,作者建立了密度梯度聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳法（ＧＧＥ）,对２５例ＨＴＧ患者（血浆ＴＧ＞２．２６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＴＣ＜６．７２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）及２５例年龄、性别匹配的血脂正常者（血浆ＴＧ＜１．６９ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,ＴＣ＜５．１７ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＨＤＬ亚类——ＨＤＬ２ａ、ＨＤＬ２ｂ、ＨＤＬ３ａ、ＨＤＬ３ｂ和ＨＤＬ３ｃ进行了分析,同时对血浆及ＨＤＬ中脂质及载脂蛋白（ａｐｏ）ＡⅠ、ＡⅡ、Ｂ１００、ＣⅡ、ＣⅢ及Ｅ进行了测定。结果发现,ＨＴＧ患者空腹血浆ＴＧ、ａｐｏＢ１００、ａｐｏＣⅡ、ａｐｃＣⅢ及ａｐｏＥ显著增加（Ｐ＜０．００１）,ＨＤＬ－Ｃ及ａｐｏＡⅠ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．００１及Ｐ＜０．０５）;患者血浆ＨＤＬ组成异常,ＨＤＬ中ＴＧ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜０．００１）,ＴＣ、ａｐｏＡⅠ、ａｐｏＣⅡ、ａｐｏＣⅢ及ａｐｏＥ含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）;患者血浆ＨＤＬ亚类含量改变,ＨＤＬ２ｂ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０２）,ＨＤＬ２ａ及ＨＤＬ３ａ增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且随血浆ＴＧ含量的升高而升高,ＨＤＬ３ｂ及ＨＤＬ３ｃ则未见改变     

山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛含量的影响

目的：观察山药对糖尿病小鼠组织丙二醛（ ＭＤＡ） 含量的影响。方法：采用四氧嘧啶制作糖尿病小鼠模型,并以优降糖作阳性对照,连续２１ 天用不同剂量山药灌胃治疗,比较各组心脏、肝脏、肾脏和胰脏过氧化脂质的终末代谢产物ＭＤＡ 含量。结果：①对照组四器官ＭＤＡ显著高于正常组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ;②剂量在６ ．００ｇ／ｋｇ·ｄ－ １ 以上山药各治疗组四器官ＭＤＡ显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ;③与优降糖组比,除肝脏ＭＤＡ 较高外（Ｐ＜ ０．００１） ,中、大剂量山药组心、胰、肾组织ＭＤＡ 较低（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５ 或Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 。结论：山药能明显降低糖尿病小鼠组织内过氧化脂质含量,尤其对心组织作用最强,其次为胰、肾和肝组织,而优降糖对胰组织过氧化脂质无明显影响。     

人参二醇皂甙对沙土鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

用结扎蒙古沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉制成的急性脑缺血－再灌注损伤模型研究人参二醇皂甙（ＰＤＳ）对损伤的保护作用。实验观察了脑缺血４０ｍｉｎ再灌注１ｈ后脑内的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）、乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）活性及脑水含量的变化。结果发现ＰＤＳ２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ缺血前３０ｍｉｎｉｐ能明显保护脑组织ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ及ＬＤＨ活性（Ｐ）值分别为Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０１），抑制ＭＤＡ生成（Ｐ＜０．００１），减轻脑水肿（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果表明ＰＤＳ对急性脑缺血－再灌注损伤具有保护作用，其作用机理可能与抑制自由基及脂质过氧化作用有关。     

氦－氖激光血管内照射治疗慢性乙肝临床观察

应用氦－氖激光血管内照射（ＩＬＩＢ）方法治疗１８例慢性乙型肝炎患者，结果显示丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）降低，Ｐ＜０．０１；而总超氧化物歧化萌（ＳＯＤ）、锰超氧化物歧化酶（ＭｎＳＯＤ）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）增高，同时５０％～６０％的病人ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转阴，且与患者临床症状好转相符合。结果还显示Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ８（Ｔｓ／Ｔｃ）、大颗粒淋巴细胞（ＬＧＬ）提高（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），然而ＴＨ亚群变动不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），提示ＩＬＩＢ具有免疫调节及抗病毒感染的作用。文中还讨论了ＩＬＩＢ治疗慢性乙型肝炎效应的机理，为乙型肝炎的治疗提供了一个新的方法。     

成都地区正常男性中老年人血清apo B100含量与脂质及apoAⅠ、AⅡ、CⅡ、CⅢ、E的关系

为研究血清ａｐｏＢ１００与血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及ａｐｏＡⅠ、ＡⅡ、ＣⅡ、ＣⅢ和Ｅ的关系，对４３８例４０～７０岁正常男性中老年人空腹１２～１４小时的血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及ａｐｏＢ１００、ＡⅠ、ＡⅡ、ＣⅡ、ＣⅢ和Ｅ的水平进行了全面的分析。结果表明，血清ａｐｏＢ１００水平为７４２．５±１６５．８ｍｇ／Ｌ，且有随年龄上升的趋势。其中５组及６组的ａｐｏＢ１００水平比１、２、３、４组均显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。血清脂质水平（ｘ±ｓ，ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）：ＴＧ为１．３９±０．４５、ＴＣ为４．７９±０．８２、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ为１．６２±０．４０、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ为２．６５±０．８１，且５组及６组的ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平均比１、２、３、４组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。相关分析表明：血清ａｐｏＢ１００与血清ＴＧ、ＴＣ、ＬＤＬ－Ｃ及ａｐｏＣⅡ、ＣⅢ和Ｅ均呈显著正相关（Ｐ＜０．００１）；与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ呈显著负相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）。以上结果提示：中老年男性，尤其是６０～７０岁年龄段的血清ａｐｏＢ１００水平与血清脂质及ａｐｏＣⅡ、ＣⅢ和Ｅ有密切的关系。     

氦－氖激光血管内照射治疗慢性乙肝临床观察

应用氦－氖激光血管内照射（ＩＬＩＢ）方法治疗１８例慢性乙型肝炎患者，结果显示丙氨酸转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）、过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）降低，Ｐ＜０．０１；而总超氧化物歧化萌（ＳＯＤ）、锰超氧化物歧化酶（ＭｎＳＯＤ）、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）增高，同时５０％～６０％的病人ＨＢｅＡｇ、ＨＢＶＤＮＡ转阴，且与患者临床症状好转相符合。结果还显示Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群ＣＤ８（Ｔｓ／Ｔｃ）、大颗粒淋巴细胞（ＬＧＬ）提高（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１），然而ＴＨ亚群变动不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），提示ＩＬＩＢ具有免疫调节及抗病毒感染的作用。文中还讨论了ＩＬＩＢ治疗慢性乙型肝炎效应的机理，为乙型肝炎的治疗提供了一个新的方法。     

调和油对大鼠血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

目的为改善人群油脂营养提供科学依据。方法３０只ＳＤ系雄性大鼠随机分为３组，分别给予基础饲料、含１２％猪油饲料及含１２％调和油（主要由豆油和菜油调制而成）饲料喂饲２１ｄ。结果猪油组（阳性对照）大鼠血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、血清ＴＣ／ＨＤＬｃ及血清脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）水平均显著高于基础组（阴性对照，Ｐ＜０．０５）；调和油组血清ＴＣ、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及ＭＤＡ水平均显著低于猪油组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；调和油组血清ＴＧ显著低于基础组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论调和油可以作为比较理想的食用油。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.