Retracted: Ganoderic Acid A exerts the cytoprotection against hypoxia‐triggered impairment in PC12 cells via elevating microRNA‐153

Ganoderic Acid A (GAA) is often applied for healing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ailments, but the influences in cerebral ischemia injury are still hazy. The research delved into the functions of GAA in hypoxia‐triggered impairment in PC12 cells. PC12 cells received hypoxia management for 12 hr, and subsequently, cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and correlative protein levels were assessed. After preprocessing with GAA, above cell behaviors were monitored again. The vector of microRNA (miR)‐153 inhibitor was utilized for PC12 cell transfection to further explore the functions of miR‐153 in hypoxia‐impaired cells. Pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were investigated via executing western blot for uncovering the latent mechanism. Results revealed that hypoxia disposition triggered PC12 cells impairment via restraining cell viability and migration and accelerating apoptosis. However, GAA visibly mollified hypoxia‐provoked impairment in PC12 cells. Interestingly, the enhancement of miR‐153 triggered by GAA was observed in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells. After miR‐153 inhibitor transfection, the protective functions of GAA in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells were dramatically inversed. Furthermore, GAA caused PI3K/AKT and mTOR activations via enhancement of miR‐153 in hypoxia‐impaired PC12 cells. The findings evinced that GAA exhibited the protective functions in PC12 cells against hypoxia‐evoked impairment through activating PI3K/AKT and mTOR via elevating miR‐153.     

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine induces apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells by accumulating ROS to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway

6-Methoxydihydrosanguinarine (6-MDS) is a natural benzophenanthridine alkaloid extracted from Hylomecon japonica (Thunb.) Prantl. It is the first time to explore the effect and mechanism of 6-MDS in breast cancer. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation technology were adopted to identify the potential targets and pathways of 6-MDS in breast cancer. Besides, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and western blotting assays were conducted to investigate the effect of 6-MDS on MCF-7 cells. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation results confirmed the effect of 6-MDS on resisting breast cancer via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the functional experiments results demonstrated that 6-MDS inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy. The autophagy inhibitor chloroquine and the silence of Atg5 augmented the effect of 6-MDS on promoting apoptosis. Furthermore, 6-MDS suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 enhanced these changes and promoted the 6-MDS pro-apoptotic and autophagy effects. 6-MDS triggered the generation of reactive oxygen species. The pretreatment with antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine reversed the changes induced by 6-MDS, including increases in apoptosis and autophagy and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, 6-MDS induces the apoptosis and autophagy of MCF-7 cells by ROS accumulation to suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.     

Involvement of mTOR‐related signaling in antidepressant effects of Sophoraflavanone G on chronically stressed mice

SophoraflavanoneG (SG), an important prenylated flavonoid isolated from Sophoraalopecuroides.L, is effective for many illnesses. The present study was designed to investigate whether the compound could reverse depressive‐like symptoms and investigate its possible mechanisms. Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) mice were treated with fluoxetine and SG. The immobility time in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were recorded. The levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters in the hippocampus were evaluated. Furthermore, the protein expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, p70S6K, BDNF, and Trkb in hippocampus were detected. Rapamycin, the selective mTOR inhibitor, was used to estimate the potential mechanism. As a result, after 7 days of SG treatment, the immobility time in FST and TST was declined obviously. The levels of IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α in the hippocampus were significantly reduced, and the quantity of 5‐HT and NE was raised considerably in SG‐treated group compared with the CUMS‐exposed group. Additionally, SG could up‐regulate the expressions of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, 70S6K, BDNF, and Trkb. The blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling blunted the antidepressant effect and reversed the up‐regulation of BDNF expression caused by SG. These findings suggested that SG treatment alleviated depressive‐like symptoms via mTOR‐mediated BDNF/Trkb signaling.     

基于PI3K/AKT信号通路的谷红注射液抗H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的机制研究

目的基于PI3K/AKT信号通路,探讨谷红注射液(guhong injection,GHI)对H9c2心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤的保护作用。方法培养H9c2心肌细胞,CCK-8比色法筛选GHI实验剂量。将细胞随机分为8组:正常组、模型组、GHI低、中、高剂量组(30、60和90μL·mL^-1)、阳性药组(维拉帕米注射液7.5μL·mL^-1)、GHI+LY294002(PI3K抑制剂)组和LY294002组。除正常组外,其他组均建立缺氧4 h复氧16 h的H/R损伤模型。ELISA检测各组细胞内肌酸激酶同工酶(CKMB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测各组细胞内p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT、AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组相比,各给药组LDH、CK-MB均降低(P<0.05),MDA降低(P<0.01)、SOD升高(P<0.01)。p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平均升高(P<0.01)。给予LY294002后,与模型组相比,LDH、CK-MB、MDA及SOD无显著性差异,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT及GSK-3β蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.01)。结论GHI可以明显减轻H/R对H9c2心肌细胞造成的损伤,表现出抗氧化应激与抗凋亡的作用,其作用机制可能与PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。     

乌索酸调节PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路在结直肠癌中的研究进展

乌索酸（Ursolic acid,UA）是一种广泛存在于植物的草、叶、花和果实中的具有抗氧化,抗菌,抗炎,肝保护,免疫调节,抗肿瘤,化学预防,心脏保护、抗高脂血症和降低血糖等活性的五环三萜类化合物。本文综述了乌索酸结构与抗肿瘤机制、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路参与结直肠癌进程以及乌索酸调节PI3K/AKT信号通路阻碍结直肠癌进展。     

黄芪多糖抑制缺氧/复氧损伤乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡与自噬机制研究

目的:探讨黄芪多糖(APS)对缺氧/复氧(H/R)所致乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡与自噬抑制作用的相关机制。方法:分离并体外培养乳鼠心肌细胞3 d后制备H/R损伤细胞模型,设正常对照组、H/R组、APS低、中、高剂量(20、40、80 μmol/ml)组,各组于造模前30 min给药处理。复氧2 h后,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖抑制率,Annexin V-FITC/PI染色法检测细胞凋亡水平,Western blot法检测p-Akt、Cleaved Caspase-3、Bcl-2、Bax、p-mTOR、Beclin1、LC3、P62蛋白表达。结果:与H/R组比较,APS中、高剂量细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率显著降低(P<0.01),p-Akt、p-mTOR、Bcl-2表达量显著升高而Cleaved Caspase-3、Bax、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅰ、LC3-Ⅱ、P62表达量显著降低(P<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax比值显著升高、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:APS可能通过激活Akt/mTOR通路调控凋亡和自噬相关蛋白表达,对H/R所致乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡与自噬起到抑制作用。     

Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus inhibits behavioral deficits induced by sleep deprivation and chronic unpredictable mild stress via increased signaling of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor

The present study was undertaken to explore the interactions between sleep deprivation (SD) and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) treatment in the antidepressant‐like effects. We observed that SD aggravated the anxiety‐like behavior induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in the elevated plus maze test. However, the forced swimming test and sucrose preference test showed that SD (12 hr) alleviated the depressive symptoms and SD (72 hr) has the opposite effects. Administration of SCF showed a promising therapeutic effect on depression and anxiety induced by CUMS and SD. Moreover, SCF could potential strengthen the antidepressant‐like effects of SD (12 hr) according to the behavioral tests. In addition, the BDNF level in hippocampus was elevated by SD (12 hr) and SCF treatment and together with the upregulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/mTOR signaling pathways. Besides, the protein levels of p70S6K and PSD95, which are downstream targets of mTOR, also increased by the treatment. These results indicated that the antidepressant‐like effect of SCF in the CUMS depends on the activation of BDNF and the modulation of TrkB/CREB/ERK and PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/mTOR signaling cascades, and SD (12 hr) shared a common etiology consisting of complex bidirectional interactions with SCF.     

迷迭香酸通过AMPK/mTOR通路减轻新生大鼠缺血缺氧性脑损伤研究

目的 探讨迷迭香酸对新生大鼠缺血缺氧脑损伤（hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE）的影响,及其对单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶（adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK）/雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR）通路的调控作用,初步探讨其脑保护机制。方法 取7 d龄SD新生大鼠,随机分为对照组、模型组、迷迭香酸（300 mg/kg）组、AMPK/mTOR激动剂MT6378（10 mg/kg）组、AMPK抑制剂GSK-690693（30 mg/kg）组和迷迭香酸（300 mg/kg）+MT6378（10 mg/kg）组,每组20只。建立HIE模型,给予相应药物进行干预,采用TTC染色法检测大鼠脑梗死情况;透射电镜（TEM）观察大鼠海马神经元结构损伤及自噬状况;免疫荧光法检测大鼠海马神经元自噬标记物微管相关蛋白1轻链3B（microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B,LC3B）阳性表达;TUNEL法检测大鼠海马神经元凋亡率;免疫组化法检测大鼠海马神经元磷酸化AMPK（p-AMPK）阳性表达;Western blotting检测大鼠海马组织活化的半胱氨酸蛋白酶3（cleaved Caspase-3）、mTOR及其磷酸化蛋白（p-mTOR）、Unc-51样自噬激活激酶1（uncoordinated-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1,Ulk1）及其磷酸化蛋白（p-Ulk1）、LC3B表达。结果 与对照组相比,模型组大鼠脑梗死严重,海马神经元结构损伤及自噬空泡形成较多,细胞自噬及凋亡水平升高,AMPK/mTOR通路活化（P<0.05）。与模型组相比,迷迭香酸组及GSK-690693组大鼠脑梗死、海马神经元结构损伤、凋亡及自噬减弱,AMPK/mTOR通路被抑制（P<0.05）;MT6378组海马组织AMPK/mTOR通路进一步激活,大鼠脑梗死、海马神经元结构损伤、凋亡及自噬进一步加重（P<0.05）;MT6378可逆转迷迭香酸的上述作用（P<0.05）。结论 迷迭香酸可能通过抑制AMPK/mTOR通路激活,降低海马神经元自噬及凋亡进程,发挥抗HIE脑损伤作用。     

Casticin prevents DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice through inhibitions of NF‐κB pathway and ROS signaling

Casticin, a compound purified from the Chinese herb Viticis Fructus, has been proven effective in preventing tumor progression in previous studies. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease that affects millions of people worldwide, but no effective and safe drugs are available. In this study, we aimed to study how did casticin affect UC by evaluating its effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Our data suggested that casticin attenuated body weight loss, colon length shortening, and pathological damage in the colon of DSS‐treated mice. Casticin decreased reactive oxygen species level and chemocytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α) productions in colon tissue. The decreased reactive oxygen species level and suppressed proinflammatory cytokines productions were also confirmed in casticin‐treated LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 cells and hydrogen peroxide‐treated CACO‐2 cells in vitro. Mechanistically, casticin treatment prevented the profound activation of AKT signaling caused by DSS administration. And casticin inhibited the productions of proinflammatory chemocytokines through downregulating AKT/NF‐κB pathway in macrophages. Meanwhile, data revealed that casticin increased expressions of endogenous antioxidants peroxiredoxin 3 and MnSOD were through activation in FOXO3α signaling by downregulating AKT signaling in colon epithelium cells. Our findings demonstrated that casticin alleviated DSS‐induced UC by increasing the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 3 and MnSOD expressions, and decreasing the production of proinflammatory chemocytokines through inhibition of AKT signaling.     

Brassinin Induces Apoptosis in PC‐3 Human Prostate Cancer Cells through the Suppression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 Signaling Cascades

The oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis and its downstream effector, the ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) play a key role in mediating cell survival in various tumor cells. Here, we investigated the effects of brassinin (BSN), a phytoalexin first identified as a constituent of cabbage, on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 activation, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in PC‐3 human prostate cancer. BSN exerted a significant dose‐dependent cytotoxicity and reduced constitutive phosphorylation of Akt against androgen‐independent PC‐3 cells as compared to androgen‐dependent LNCaP cells. Moreover, knockdown of androgen receptor (AR) by small interfering RNA enhanced the potential effect of BSN on induction of apoptosis in LNCaP cells. BSN clearly suppressed the constitutive activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 signaling cascade, which correlated with the induction of apoptosis as characterized by accumulation of cells in subG1 phase, positive Annexin V binding, TUNEL staining, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, down‐regulation of antiapoptotic and proliferative proteins, activation of caspase‐3, and cleavage of PARP. Additionally, BSN could block broad‐spectrum inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K1 axes, and aberrant Akt activation by pcDNA3‐myr‐HA‐Akt1 plasmid could not prevent the observed suppressive effect of BSN on constitutive mTOR activation. Finally, overexpression of Bcl‐2 also attenuated BSN‐mediated apoptosis in PC‐3 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that BSN can interfere with multiple signaling cascades involved in tumorigenesis and might be provided as a potential therapeutic candidate for both the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Retracted: Bilobalide alleviates tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐induced pancreatic beta‐cell MIN6 apoptosis and dysfunction through upregulation of miR‐153

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a systemic disease and one classical type of total DM. Bilobalide (BB) is constituted of EGb 761. Our purpose was identifying the role of BB in TIDM in the current study. MIN6 cells were treated by TNF‐α; then, viability, apoptosis, and insulin secretion were assessed by performing Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay, flow cytometry, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion assay, and western blot. The effects of BB were assessed to identify its function. Further, the above mentioned parameters were reassessed when silencing miR‐153. TNF‐α declined viability and insulin secretion as well as raised apoptosis and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in MIN6 cells. BB alleviated the apoptosis and dysfunction induced by TNF‐α. MiR‐153 expression was elevated by BB when induced by TNF‐α. Increase of viability and insulin secretion as well as decline of apoptosis and iNOS induced by BB treatment was alleviated by silencing miR‐153. The rates of p/t‐p70S6K, p/t‐mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p/t‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) were raised by BB and suppressed by silencing miR‐153 under TNF‐α induced condition. BB raised viability and insulin secretion, declined apoptosis and iNOS expression by up‐regulating miR‐153. Furthermore, BB activated AMPK/mTOR pathway by up‐regulating miR‐153.     

补肾活血法调控PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路修复卵巢颗粒细胞自噬损伤机制研究

目的:观察补肾活血法调控磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(PI3K/AKT/mTOR)通路对体外培养大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞(OGCs)自噬损伤的影响。方法:将原代培养的大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞分为六组：空白对照组、模型组、中药低剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药高剂量组、果纳芬组。采用ELISA法检测各组中雌二醇(E₂)、孕酮(P)分泌量;Western blot法和免疫荧光法分别检测各组OGCs中PI3K、AKT、mTOR及自噬关键分子酵母Atg6同系物1(Beclin 1)、微管相关蛋1轻链3(LC3)、自噬受体蛋白p62的蛋白表达。结果:模型组E₂含量显著降低,中药各剂量组E₂含量均上升(均P<0.05),且中药高剂量组与果纳芬组E₂含量相当;各组对P的含量均没有影响(均P>0.05)。中药各剂量组及果纳芬组p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-mTOR水平和p62的表达上调,Beclin 1和LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ的表达下调,且中药高剂量组效果优于果纳芬组(均P<0.05)。结论:补肾...     

Protective Effects of Gastrodin Against Autophagy‐Mediated Astrocyte Death

Gastrodin is an active ingredient derived from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata. This compound is usually used to treat convulsive illness, dizziness, vertigo, and headache. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gastrodin on the autophagy of glial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 1 µg/mL). Autophagy is a form of programmed cell death, although it also promotes cell survival. In cultured astrocytes, LPS exposure induced excessive autophagy and apoptosis, which were significantly prevented by the pretreatment cells with gastrodin (10 μM). The protective effects of gastrodin via autophagy inhibition were verified by the decreased levels of LC3‐II, P62, and Beclin‐1, which are classical markers for autophagy. Furthermore, gastrodin protected astrocytes from apoptosis through Bcl‐2 and Bax signaling pathway. The treatment of astrocytes with rapamycin (500 nM), wortmannin (100 nM), and LY294002 (10 μM), which are inhibitors of mTOR and PI3K, respectively, eliminated the known effects of gastrodin on the inhibited Beclin‐1 expression. Furthermore, gastrodin blocked the down‐regulation of glutamine synthetase induced by LPS exposure in astrocytes. Our results suggest that gastrodin can be used as a preventive agent for the excessive autophagy induced by LPS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

红花多糖通过阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的研究红花多糖通过阻断PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡的作用及其作用机制。方法将MDA-MB-435细胞分为对照组和红花多糖0.5、1.0 mg/mL组。MTT法及流式检测仪分别检测不同质量浓度红花多糖对MDA-MB-435细胞生长及凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及Western blotting法分别检测不同质量浓度红花多糖对MDA-MB-435细胞PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白表达的影响。结果与对照组比较,红花多糖0.5 mg/mL组MDA-MB-435细胞抑制率为(21.52±2.43)%,红花多糖1.0 mg/mL组细胞抑制率为(27.73±3.75)%,显著高于红花多糖0.5 mg/m L组(P0.05);与对照组比较,红花多糖能够显著提高MDA-MB-435细胞凋亡率(P0.01),且呈剂量依赖性。RT-PCR及Western blotting实验结果显示,与对照组比较,红花多糖能够使MDA-MB-435细胞中PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05、0.01)。结论红花多糖能有效抑制MDA-MB-435细胞的生长,促进其凋亡,作用可能是通过对PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路的阻断实现的。     

蠲痛饮对子宫内膜异位症大鼠PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的影响

目的:探讨蠲痛饮对子宫内膜异位症(EMS)大鼠磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/雷帕霉素靶分子(mTOR)信号通路蛋白的影响。方法:采用自体子宫内膜移植法建立EMS大鼠模型,随机将48只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、蠲痛饮低、中、高剂量组、通路阻滞剂组(LY294002) 6组,分别给予蠲痛饮高、中、低剂量(42. 9,14. 3,4. 8 g·kg~(-1))灌胃,通路阻滞剂组予PI3K通路阻滞剂LY294002(0. 04 g·kg~(-1))腹腔注射,正常组及模型组每天按照10 mL·kg~(-1)给予生理盐水灌胃,各组持续用药28 d。应用透射电镜观察大鼠异位内膜组织超微结构,免疫组化法检测异位内膜组织PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白表达,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)检测核糖体蛋白S6激酶(p70S6K) mRNA相对含量。结果:与正常组比较,模型组异位内膜PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白和p70S6K mRNA的表达都明显升高(P 0. 05);与模型组比较,蠲痛饮中、高剂量、通路阻滞剂组干预后PI3K,Akt,mTOR蛋白和p70S6K mRNA的表达明显降低(P 0. 05)。透射电镜下可见蠲痛饮低、中、高剂量组和通路阻滞剂组均能促进腺上皮细胞萎缩或欠整齐,微绒毛减少或消失,胞核固缩,胞内线粒体肿胀或减少,间质细胞凋亡。结论:PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路参与子宫内膜异位症发生;蠲痛饮可能通过下调PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路蛋白的表达及p70S6K mRNA表达,从而抑制上皮间质细胞活性,促进细胞凋亡,治疗子宫内膜异位症。     

基于PI3K/AKT通路研究升降通癃方对前列腺增生细胞的影响

目的:研究升降通癃方通过调节磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/丝氧酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)信号通路对前列腺增生细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:培养人前列腺增生细胞(BPH-1),随机分为对照组、升降通癃方低、中、高浓度组、阳性组五组,分别给予各组需要的药物处理24 h后,通过四唑盐比色法(CCK8法)检测药物对BPH-1细胞增殖的影响;用细胞划痕实验测定BPH-1的水平迁移能力;通过流式细胞术(FCM)检测升降通癃方对BPH-1细胞细胞凋亡的影响;通过蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测药物对细胞中半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase-3)、Bcl-2关联X蛋白(Bax)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)、丝氧酸-苏氨酸蛋白激酶(AKT)、重组人α晶状体球蛋白B(Cryab)蛋白表达的影响。结果:加入升降通癃方后,BPH-1的迁移能力明显受到抑制,升降通癃方高、中、低浓度组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);FCM检测结果显示,升降通癃方组低、中、高浓度组的细胞凋亡率明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Weste...     

Brucea javanica oil inhibits proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and induces apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway

Background:Brucea javanica oil(BJO),distributed primarily in Southeast Asia,has long been utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating malignancies.However,its anticancer mechanisms are not clearly understood.The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying its treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Methods:CCK8 assay was used to evaluate cell viability.Hoechst33342 staining and flow cytometry analyses were used to examine apoptosis.Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos kit was used to measure the membrane potential of mitochondria.ATP assay kit was used to evaluate ATP levels.Western blots were used to assess the presence of AKT,adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,Caspase3,Caspase9,Bax,and Bcl-2.Results:BJO inhibited the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.It induced apoptosis,with the percentage of cells treated with 50–150μg/mL BJO increasing from 8.01%to 28.02%in a concentration-dependent manner(P<0.05,when 50μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group;P<0.001,when 100 or 150μg/mL of BJO group compared with the control group).After exposed to BJO,the expression of C-caspase3,C-caspase9 and Bax upregulated while that of Bcl-2 downregulated.BJO suppressed the PI3K/AKT pathway and promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase,while repressing the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin.Compared with treatment by BJO alone,the PI3K/AKT agonist 740Y-P increased the survival rate of HepG2 cells(P<0.01)and attenuated the inhibitory effect of BJO on cell apoptosis(P<0.05).Conclusion:BJO is capable of inhibiting proliferation of HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT pathway.     

化瘀消癥复方对PI3 K/Akt/mTOR信号通路及输卵管妊娠滋养细胞的作用机制研究

目的探讨化瘀消癥复方对输卵管妊娠滋养细胞的凋亡、侵袭影响及PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的调控机制。方法以不同浓度的化瘀消癥复方水提液干预输卵管妊娠滋养细胞,设立空白组、甲氨蝶呤作为西药组、胞磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,PI3K)抑制剂LY294002与雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian taget of rapamycin,mTOR)抑制剂雷帕霉素作为对照组,采用流式细胞术检测干预72小时后的细胞凋亡率,采用Transwell法检测细胞侵袭能力,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路蛋白的表达情况。结果各给药组均能上调细胞凋亡率,随着中药浓度的增加,细胞凋亡率上升,中药高剂量组较西药组对凋亡的促进作用更加明显(P<0.05);各给药组均能下调细胞过膜数,随着中药浓度的增加,穿过Transwell侵袭小室的细胞数减少,侵袭减弱,中药高剂量组与西药组对细胞侵袭力影响的对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中药各组细胞中的p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白的表达水平随着浓度增加而降低(P<0.05),与上下游通路抑制剂对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论化瘀消癥复方能够促进输卵管妊娠滋养细胞凋亡,抑制侵袭,且呈浓度依赖性,可能与其负调控细胞中PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路的活性有关。     

He-Wei Granule enhances anti-tumor activity of cyclophosphamide by changing tumor microenvironment

Objective: He-Wei Granule (HWKL) is a modern product derived from the modified formulation of traditional Chinese medicine Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD), which remarkedly enhanced the anti-proliferation activity of cyclophosphamide (CTX) on HepG2 and SGC-7901 cell lines in vitro in our previous research. The aim of the study was to investigate the synergistic effects of HWKL and CTX using a transplanted H22 hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Methods: The CTX-toxic-reducing efficacy of HWKL was evaluated by hematology indexes, organ indexes and marrow DNA detection. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, histopathology test, immunohistochemistry test and TUNEL staining were conducted. The efficacy of HWKL on the micro-vessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue was also evaluated by measuring CD34 level. Results: High dose HWKL (6.75 g/kg) markedly attenuated CTX-induced hepatotoxicity and myelosuppression while significantly enhanced CTX anticancer efficacy in vivo. Further mechanism investigation suggested that high dose HWKL significantly increased cleaved Caspase 3 level and promoted apoptosis in tumor tissue by up-regulating Bax expression and down-regulating Bcl-2 and FasL expressions. Compared with CTX alone group, the decrease in LC-3B and Beclin 1 levels suggested that the autophagy in H22 carcinoma was significantly inhibited with addition of high dose HWKL. ELISA assay results indicated that the autophagy inhibition was achieved by decreasing p53 expression, blocking PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and recovering Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. In addition, CD34 and EGFR immunohistochemistry assay suggest that high dose HWKL could significantly decrease micro-vessel density (MVD) and inhibit angiogenesis in H22 carcinoma. Conclusion: It could be concluded that high-dose HWKL enhanced CTX efficacy by promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy and angiogenesis in tumor tissue while significantly alleviated CTX-induced toxicity, and could be applied along with CTX in clinical treatment as a supplement agent.