Clinical outcome of microsurgical varicocelectomy done for pain

Surgical ligation for varicocele is primarily used in the management of male infertility patients. However, effectiveness of the ligation for painful varicocele is still controversial. We reviewed record s from 18 patients (average age 17.8 years) who underwent varicocele ligation done for pain at our institution from June 1999 to May 2010. The varicocele was on the left side and was grade III in 15 cases and grade II in 3 cases. The pain was classified into three types ; discomfort, dull pain and sharp pain. Microsurgical varicocelectomy was done with inguinal or subinguinal approach. Evaluation of postoperative pain was available in 17 patients, and 15 patients (88%) reported complete resolution of the pain with averaged follow up duration of 11 months (3 to 53 months). We concluded that microsurgical varicocelectomy using the inguinal or subinguinal approach was an effective treatment modality for varicocele-associated pain.     

Outcomes of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy for painful varicoceles

We assessed the effectiveness of microscopic subinguinal varicocelectomy for the treatment of painful varicoceles. Patients with painful varicocele (n = 81) treated by microsurgical varicocelectomy who attended a 1-year follow-up were retrospectively evaluated. We documented patient age, grade and location of the varicocele, duration and quality of pain, and response to surgical therapy. Telephone interviews and chart reviews were conducted to assess resolution of pain, recurrence of the varicocele, and complications of the procedure. Of the patients, 29 (35.8%) described the soreness as a sharp pain, 35 (43.2%) as a pulling sensation, and 17 (21%) as a dull pain. The varicocele was grade III in 62 patients (76.5%) and grade II in 19 (23.5%). After microsurgical varicocelectomy, 74 patients (91.3%) experienced improvement in their symptoms: 58 patients (71.6%) experienced a complete resolution of pain postoperatively, and 16 patients (19.7%) experienced partial resolution. Seven patients (8.6%) experienced no change. Of the 7 patients with persistent pain, 2 patients had sharp pain, 4 patients had a pulling sensation, and 1 experienced dull pain postoperatively. The resolution of pain was correlated with preoperative varicocele grade (P = .026) but not with quality of pain (P = .807). Subinguinal microsurgical varicocele ligation is an effective treatment for painful varicoceles.     

Predictors of pain resolution after varicocelectomy for painful varicocele

Varicocelectomy is a management option for patients with painful varicocele. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of varicocelectomy for painful varicocele and examined the factors that might be predictive of outcome. All patients who underwent a varicocelectomy for pain between February 2007 and July 2009 were included. A review of patient medical records was conducted; patient age, body mass index (BMI), grade, location of the varicocele, testicular volume, duration and quality of the pain (dull, dragging, throbbing or sharp) and surgical technique (inguinal versus subinguinal) were documented. All parameters were compared with the resolution of pain (complete, partial or failure). We followed up on 53 of 104 patients (51.0%). Complete postoperative resolution of pain was reported by 28 patients (52.8%), whereas 22 (41.5%) reported partial resolution. Only three patients (5.7%) reported failure. No relationship was observed between postoperative pain resolution and age, BMI, grade of varicocele, location of varicocele, ipsilateral testicular hypotrophy, quality of pain or surgical technique. The duration of pain before surgery was the only factor that correlated with postoperative pain resolution (univariate, P=0.004; multivariate, P=0.002). Our results indicate that varicocelectomy is an effective treatment for painful varicocele in properly selected patients, and that duration of pain before surgery may be predictive of outcome.     

Long-term effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on pain and sperm parameters in clinical varicocele patients with scrotal pain complaints

We aimed to investigate the long-term effects of microsurgical varicocelectomy on pain improvement and sperm parameters in patients with varicocele-related pain. A total of 72 patients who had undergone microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy because of varicocele with scrotal pain between 2004 and 2009 were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of pain following surgical treatment. The patients expressing a decrease in frequency and severity of pain or minimal fullness sense were included in the pain-positive group. The mean follow-up period was 54.4 ± 18.06 months. There was left-sided varicocele in 80.3% of patients, while 19.7% had bilateral varicocele. In our study, complete success rate (Visual Analog Scale: 0-1) was found to be 79.2% (57/72), while failure (complete and partial failure) rate was 20.8% (15/72), and a significant difference was found (P < 0.05). Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy is a reliable approach for clinically varicocele patients with scrotal pain complaints. Regardless of the type of pain, varicocelectomy significantly decreases pain. The success of the treatment is not related to the degree of varicocele.     

Evaluation of the role of varicocelectomy including external spermatic vein ligation in patients with scrotal pain

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare pre- and postoperative scrotal pain in patients with varicocele who underwent varicocelectomy with different approaches. METHODS: The study included 144 consecutive patients with left-sided varicocele who had left scrotal pain for more than 3 months. All patients underwent varicocele ligation using either a subinguinal or inguinal approach with or without external spermatic vein ligation. We asked the patients to complete an 'Assessment Questionnaire for Scrotal Pain' both before and after the surgery. RESULTS: The surgery was successful in 101 (83.4%) of the 121 patients available for follow up. Seventy-four (61.1%) patients reported the complete resolution of pain while 27 patients (22.3%) reported partial resolution. Symptoms worsened in a single case and pain persisted postoperatively in 19 cases (15.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of the pain and grade of varicocele between postoperative groups. A significant difference was observed in postoperative success between patients who had external spermatic vein ligation and those who did not, regardless of the surgical approach (inguinal or subinguinal). All patients who reported complete or partial resolution of pain stated that they would recommend surgery to relatives with the same problem. CONCLUSIONS: Varicocelectomy using either inguinal or subinguinal approaches is an effective and reasonable treatment option in this patient group and should include external spermatic vein ligation for a satisfactory outcome.     

Minimal invasiveness and effectivity of subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy: a comparative study with retroperitoneal high and laparoscopic approaches

AIM: The standard management of varicocele repair is the subject of ongoing controversy. We retrospectively evaluated three surgical methods of varicocele treatment to determine the minimally invasive and most effective procedure. METHODS: We performed 144 varicocelectomies on infertile patients with left clinical varicocele. Of the patients, 50 were treated with retroperitoneal high ligation under lumbar anesthesia, 33 with laparoscopic ligation under general anesthesia, and 61 with subinguinal microscopic ligation under local anesthesia. Operative time, hospital days, and clinical outcomes were compared between these techniques. RESULTS: The operating time and hospitalization period required for subinguinal microscopic ligation was signi fi cantly shorter compared to those for the other procedures. All patients treated with subinguinal microscopic ligation could achieve normal activity as soon as they returned to their rooms. Postoperative complications were observed in fi ve (10.0%) cases treated with high ligation and three (9.1%) laparoscopic cases, but were not observed after the subinguinal procedure. There were six cases (12.0%) of recurrence in the high ligation group and six (6.1%) in the laparoscopic group, but none in the subinguinal group. Sperm density was signi fi cantly improved in all procedures postoperatively, but sperm motility was not improved. The two-year pregnancy rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 35.8% for high ligation, 40.4% for laparoscopic ligation and 50.9% for subinguinal microscopic ligation, although there were no statistical differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy could be a minimally invasive procedure compared to the other two techniques and a worthy method for treating male infertility due to clinical varicocele.     

经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径显微镜精索静脉结扎术的疗效对比

目的比较经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径显微镜精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2019年6月显微镜精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张145例资料,经腹股沟途径53例,经腹股沟下途径92例。比较两组手术时间、结扎精索静脉数量、阴囊疼痛缓解率、精子质量改善情况及并发症(睾丸鞘膜积液、睾丸萎缩、复发)。结果经腹股沟途径手术比经腹股沟下途径手术时间短[(34.2±5.0)min vs(37.8±8.4)min,t=–3.245,P=0.001],且结扎精索内静脉数量少[(6.1±1.3)根vs(8.3±1.5)根,t=–9.171,P<0.001]。两组术后精子质量改善情况、阴囊疼痛缓解率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论显微镜下经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张均疗效确切而且安全。经腹股沟途径需结扎的精索内静脉少,手术时间短。     

改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨分析改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术对精索静脉曲张的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析本院2012年8月至2014年6月收治的精索静脉曲张患者112例,按照不同的手术方式分成腹股沟结扎组28例,腹腔镜组28例,腹股沟外环下显微镜组28例,改良外环下显微镜组(外环口纵向切开约1 cm)28例.对比分析各组的手术效果及术后并发症.结果 四组手术均顺利完成.应用显微镜的两组间手术时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但比腹股沟结扎组、腹腔镜组手术时间长(P＜0.05).显微镜两组间住院时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),比腹股沟结扎组、腹腔镜组住院时间明显缩短(P＜0.05).根据术后疼痛(VAS)评分,显微镜的两组术后疼痛较轻(P＜0.05),且这两组组间比较无统计学差异.腹股沟外环下显微镜组与改良外环下显微镜组保留精索动脉数比较统计学有显著差异(P =0.001),改良外环下显微镜组遇到的动脉数更少.四组间术后并发症,显微镜两组较低(P＜0.05),而这两组组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).四组的复发率分别为28.6％、10.7％、0％、0％(P＜0.05),显微镜的两组均无复发.术后四组的精液密度、精液活力都较术前得到改善,其中显微镜的两组改善更明显,这两组组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).1年后自然怀孕率,四组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 显微镜治疗精索静脉曲张疗效好,并发症少,术后疼痛轻及住院时间短.同时改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术更易于操作,是一种安全有效的手术方式.     

Managing varicoceles in children: results with microsurgical varicocelectomy

Authors from New York present their experience of elective varicocelectomy, using microsurgical techniques, in a large series of children. They found the procedure to be safe and effective, and gave a much lower complication rate than the published rate in open varicocelectomy. The results of urethroplasty in post-traumatic paediatric urethral strictures are presented by authors from Mansoura. They found the overall success of one-stage perineal anastomotic repair of such strictures to be excellent, with very little morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in boys aged < or = 18 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Boys aged < or = 18 years treated with microsurgical varicocelectomy between 1996 and 2000 at one institution were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for surgery included ipsilateral testicular atrophy, large varicocele or pain. Microsurgery was assisted by an operating microscope (x10-25) allowing preservation of the lymphatics, and the testicular and cremasteric arteries. Patient age, varicocele grade, complications and follow-up interval were recorded. RESULTS: In all there were 97 microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomies (23 bilateral) in 74 boys (mean age 14.7 years). Left-sided varicoceles were significantly larger (mean grade 2.9) than right-sided (mean grade 1.4) varicoceles. The mean follow-up was 9.6 months. There were four complications: two hydroceles, of which one resolved spontaneously after 4 months; one patient had persistent orchialgia that resolved after 8 months; and one developed hypertrophic scarring at the inguinal incision site. There were no infections, haematomas or intraoperative injuries to the vas deferens or testicular arteries. All boys were discharged home on the day of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in boys is a safe, minimally invasive and effective means of treating varicoceles. Compared with published results of the retroperitoneal mass ligation technique, which has a 15% overall complication rate and a 7-9% hydrocele occurrence rate, the microsurgical subinguinal approach appears to offer less morbidity, with a 1% hydrocele rate. We consider that microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy offers the best results with lower morbidity than other techniques.     

微型血管多普勒在改良腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术中的应用：附视频

目的 探讨微型血管多普勒在改良腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2013年1月期间中山大学附属第一医院东院收治的89例精索静脉曲张患者的临床资料.患者均行改良的腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术,2012年9月之前术中未应用微型血管多普勒,2012年9月之后术中常规应用微型血管多普勒辨别动脉和静脉.比较两组患者的临床资料.结果 89例患者共138次手术均获成功,术后随访3～6个月,未见睾丸萎缩和鞘膜积液发生.非多普勒组术中有1例精索内动脉被误扎,2例术中精索动静脉辨认不清,术后1例复发;多普勒组术中辨别动脉和静脉准确,无动脉损伤和误扎情况发生,术后无复发.结论 在微型血管多普勒辅助下行显微精索静脉结扎术更安全有效.     

Impact of varicocelectomy on premature ejaculation in varicocele patients

In a prospective manner, we studied the effect of varicocelectomy on premature ejaculation and testicular hormonal function in patients with varicocele. Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy was carried out in 73 patients with clinical varicocele associated with premature ejaculation (group 1) and compared with 56 patients without operative intervention (group 2; control). The primary efficacy variable was the mean change in the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool. The changes in International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, total serum testosterone and testicular size were also assessed. In group 1, the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool decreased significantly after varicocelectomy, from 15.56 to 11.37 (P < 0.001), indicating improvement of premature ejaculation. Thirty patients (41.1%) showed improvement of premature ejaculation compared to 5.3% in the control group (P < 0.001). In group I, but not in group II, testosterone levels and International Index of Erectile Function values increased significantly when compared with pre‐operative values (P < 0.001 and 0.040 respectively). Testicular size increased after varicocelectomy, but this increase was nonsignificant till the end of study (P = 0.054). We concluded that varicocelectomy is clearly related to improvement of premature ejaculation and testicular hormonal function in varicocele patients.     

Microsurgical varicocelectomy: a review

Varicocelectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for the treatment of male infertility. Although several different techniques for varicocele repair have been described in the literature, microsurgical varicocelectomy performed through a subinguinal or inguinal incision is recognized as the gold-standard approach for varicocelectomy, due to high success rates with minimal complications. Standard indications for varicocelectomy include palpable varicocele(s), with one or more abnormal semen parameters, and, for the couple trying to conceive, in the setting of normal or correctable female infertility. However, varicocele repair is often recommended and undertaken for reasons other than infertility, including low serum testosterone, testicular pain, testicular hypotrophy and poor sperm DNA quality. This article reviews the technical aspects of microsurgical varicocelectomy, and its indications in adults and adolescents.     

Varicocele anatomy during subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy in Chinese men

Knowledge of subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy is of fundamental importance to ensure that varicocele is resolved and testicular function is preserved. Our study aimed to describe the number of veins, arteries and lymphatics in the subinguinal spermatic cord and to clarify their differences between two sides, between patients with different complaints and between varicoceles with different clinical grades. A total of 102 consecutive patients underwent 162 primary subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomies, during which the number of vessels with different diameters was recorded. A mean number of 12.9 internal spermatic veins, 0.9 external spermatic veins, 1.8 internal spermatic arteries and 2.9 lymphatics were identified per cord. 88.2% of the internal spermatic arteries were surrounded by a dense complex of adherent veins. The external spermatic vein or veins were found in 49.4% of the cases. The mean number of medium (1–3 mm in diameter) internal spermatic veins on the left was larger than that on the right (P < 0.001). The mean number of medium internal spermatic veins in grade III varicocele was larger than that in grade I or grade II (P < 0.015). There was no significant anatomical difference between the men presenting for infertility, chronic testicular pain and both the two complaints.     

Laparoscopic varicocelectomy for painful varicoceles: merits and outcomes

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic ligation as an option offered to patients with painful varicocele. Laparoscopy has been an established technique for varicocelectomy in infertile patients, but little objective data exist addressing its effectiveness in the control of pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed records of 68 patients who underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy for pain from March 1988 through March 2000. We documented patient age at operation, grade and side of the varicocele, duration and quality of the pain, and response to conservative treatment and laparoscopic ligation. RESULTS: Follow-up data were available for 58 patients. Their average age was 21.5 years (range 14-39 years). The varicocele was left sided in 51 patients and bilateral in 7. Forty patients described their pain as dull or throbbing ache and 13 as a dragging sensation, while 5 patients were unable to characterize their pain. Initial conservative treatment failed in all patients. Varicocele was grade III in 29 patients, grade II in 27, and grade I in 2. In 49 patients (84.5%), there was complete postoperative resolution of pain, while 6 (10.3%) had partial resolution. Only three patients had persistent symptoms. Hydrocele formation occurred in 3 patients (5.2%), and varicocele persisted in 2 (3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review supports varicocele ligation for the relief of pain. Laparoscopic ligation is an effective and safe approach to achieve this outcome.     

Randomised clinical trial of comparing effects of acupuncture and varicocelectomy on sperm parameters in infertile varicocele patients

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the acupuncture treatment on sperm parameters and pregnancy rates in patients with primary infertility. Between January 2008 and May 2010, 30 men with the primary infertility (one year of unprotected intercourse, healthy wife) and varicocele with normal hormone levels and abnormal semen analysis were randomised into two groups. Group 1 underwent subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy, and Group 2 underwent acupuncture treatment twice a week for 2 months. Both groups were evaluated with semen analysis at 6 months after the treatment. Patients in both groups evaluated with telephone calls and e‐mail in terms of pregnancy. The mean age of the patients was 27.2, and groups were comparable regarding the age (P = 0.542). The pre‐treatment sperm concentration, motility and morphological characteristics were similar in both groups. Sperm concentration and motility improved significantly in both groups after the treatment. Increase in sperm concentration was higher in the acupuncture group compared to the varicocelectomy group (P = 0.039). The average follow‐up was 42 months, and pregnancy rates were emphasised 33% in both groups. Acupuncture treatment in primary infertile varicocele patients with semen abnormalities seems to be effective and has comparable results with the varicocelectomy treatment.     

The impact of age on fertility rate in patients who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy

Impacts of a subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy on the sperm parameters and fertility rates were investigated in three different ages according to their age at the time of the varicocelectomy: Group 1 was ≤20 years old, Group 2 was 21–30 years old, and Group 3 was ≥31 years old. The patients were also classified both preoperatively and post‐operatively according to the total motile sperm count (TMSC) into the following categories: invitro fertilisation, intrauterine insemination and naturally fertile. The proportion of patients who upgraded to a higher TMSC category level was calculated, and natural fertility rates were recorded. The mean infertility duration was statistically longer in Group 3, compared to Group 1 and 2. The mean TMSCs and normal sperm morphology rates increased in all groups. The mean post‐operative natural fertility rates were similar. The highest rate of TMSC upgrade was observed in Grade 3 varicocele patients under 20 years of age, compared to other grades of varicocele in patients older than 20 years. A microsurgical subinguinal varicocele repair, which is an effective treatment modality reduces the need for any type of ART, has an important impact on the TMSC increase in patients, particularly in the younger population.     

Effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy on fertility outcome and treatment plans of patients with severe oligozoospermia: An original report and meta-analysis

Varicocele ligation has been proven to restore semen parameters and improve pregnancy rates in men with clinical disease. However, its effect in men with severe oligozoospermia (SO) is less clearly elucidated. This original report and meta-analysis examined the impact of subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy on semen parameters and fertility outcomes of men with SO. A retrospective chart review of 85 patients was conducted on patients with SO who underwent microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy. A literature search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 8 studies investigating the effects of varicocele ligation in men with SO were included for the meta-analysis. The original study reported significant improvements in semen parameters following surgery. 78 patients had a pre-operative TMSC < 5 million. Following surgery, 9 (11.5%) patients had a total motile sperm count (TMSC) between 5 and 9 million, while 14 (17.9%) patients had a TMSC > 9 million. Furthermore, the meta-analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in sperm count, total motility and TMSC following surgery. The reported natural pregnancy rate was 27.5%. Varicocelectomy does present as an important treatment option for SO patients because improvements in TMSC can broaden their fertility treatment options.     

OUTCOMES OF VARICOCELE LIGATION DONE FOR PAIN

Purpose

Surgical ligation is an option in the management of patients with painful varicocele. Little objective data exist addressing the effectiveness of this treatment. We reviewed records from 58 patients who underwent varicocele ligation at our institution from January 1985 to May 1996 to establish success of surgical ligation of the painful varicocele.

Materials and Methods

ICD-9 billing codes were used to identify all patients who had undergone varicocele ligation for pain since 1985. We documented patient age, grade and location of varicocele, duration and quality of pain, response to conservative therapy and surgical approach to ligation. Telephone interviews and chart reviews were conducted to determine resolution of pain, complications of the procedure and if the patient would choose surgery again.

Results

We obtained followup on 35 of the 58 painful varicocele patients (60%). Average patient age was 25.7 years (range 15 to 65). The varicocele was on the left side in 30 men and bilateral in 5. Of the patients 31 described the pain as a dull throbbing ache, 2 as sharp and 2 as a pulling sensation. Initial conservative therapy failed in all 35 men. Varicocele was grade III in 18 cases, grade II in 16 and grade I in 1. The inguinal or subinguinal approach was used in 24 patients, high ligation in 10 and laparoscopic repair in 1. In 30 patients there was (86%) complete resolution of pain postoperatively and 1 had partial resolution. Only 4 patients (11%) had persistent or worse symptoms.

Conclusions

This retrospective review supports the conclusion that varicocele ligation is an effective treatment for painful varicocele in properly selected patients.     

Microsurgical varicocelectomy for clinical varicocele: A review for potential new indications

Microsurgical varicocelectomy is considered the gold‐standard technique treating varicocele in both adults and adolescents, due to relatively more favourable outcomes and lower post‐operative recurrence and complication rates. Despite of mounting literature on this topic, several aspects are still not well defined. We summarised the most recent literature and presented findings that might extend its indications. Microsurgical varicocelectomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection are both effective to father a child for infertile men with clinical varicocele even for those with worst condition of spermatozoa, nonobstructive azoospermia, and prior varicocele repair has substantial benefits for couples with a clinical varicocele. Microsurgical subinguinal and inguinal varicocelectomy seem to have comparable effectiveness for adolescents and infertile men with varicoceles. However, the subinguinal approach may have some advantages to deal with painful varicocele. The superior outcomes of bilateral varicocelectomy for patients with clinical left varicocele and concomitant clinical right varicocele are justified, while the benefit is still uncertain for concomitant subclinical right varicocele. Varicocelectomy may have the potential to improve sexual function along with serum testosterone. In conclusion, indications for microsurgical varicocelectomy may be extended by the concomitant right and left clinical varicocele and sexual dysfunction with varicocele.     

微通道腹腔镜高选择性双侧精索静脉结扎术的临床应用价值

目的探讨微通道腹腔镜高选择性精索静脉结扎术治疗双侧精索静脉曲张的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析中山大学附属东华医院74例双侧精索静脉曲张患者的临床资料,其中42例行微通道腹腔镜高选择性双侧精索静脉结扎术,32例行显微镜经外环口双侧精索静脉结扎术。术后随访6~12个月,比较不同术式间手术情况、有效性、安全性及医疗费用等的差异。结果腹腔镜组手术时间更短,切口更小,疼痛评分更低,切口美容评分更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);显微镜组住院费用更低(P<0.05);两组在缓解阴囊胀痛和改善精液质量方面均有较好效果,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月曲张复发率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论微通道腹腔镜高选择性精索静脉结扎术安全、有效,且手术时间短、疼痛轻、疤痕小,值得临床推广应用,可作为双侧精索静脉曲张患者的可选术式。