The Effect of Butin on the Vitiligo Mouse Model Induced by Hydroquinone

Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd has been traditionally used in the treatment of vitiligo in Uyghur medicine. This study used butin, the main component of V. anthelmintica, to study the influence on hydroquinone‐induced vitiligo in mice. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP, 4.25 mg/kg), and butin (0.425, 4.25, and 42.5 mg/kg) groups. The number of melanin‐containing hair follicles, basal layer melanocytes, melanin‐containing epidermal cells, the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), the malondialdehyde (MDA), and cholinesterase (CHE) activity in serum were measured. Our results indicated that compared with the model group, the melanin‐containing hair follicles, the expression of TYR and TRP‐1 increased, the activity of CHE decreased after treatment with 8‐MOP and all doses of butin (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), the basal layer melanocytes and melanin‐containing epidermal cells increased significantly after treatment with butin 4.25 and 42.5 mg/kg (p < 0.05, p < 0.01), and the MDA activity decreased after using butin 4.25 and 42.5 mg/kg and 8‐MOP (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). Our results support the use of butin on vitiligo, and its possible mechanisms may be related to increase the TYR and TRP‐1 protein expression and decrease the activity of MDA and CHE in hydroquinone‐induced vitiligo model in mice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effects of Galangin on a Mouse Model of Vitiligo Induced by Hydroquinone

Galangin, the main active component of Alpinia officinarum Hance, was tested in a mouse model of vitiligo induced in C57BL/6 mice by the topical application of 2 mL of 2.5% hydroquinone daily to shaved areas (2 × 2 cm) of dorsal skin for 60 days. Thirty days after the final application of hydroquinone, galangin (0.425, and 4.25 mg/kg) was administered orally for 30 days. The hair colour darkened when it grew back after treatment, and histological analysis showed that the number of melanin‐containing hair follicles had increased after treatment with all doses of galangin groups and 8‐methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP, the positive control) compared with the untreated vitiligo group (p < 0.05). The number of skin basal layer melanocytes and melanin‐containing epidermal cells had also increased significantly with the application of 4.25 mg/kg of galangin. The concentration of tyrosinase (TYR) in serum was found to have increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of cholinesterase had decreased after treatment with all doses of galangin and 8‐MOP, compared with control (p < 0.05). The expression of TYR protein in treated areas of skin also increased with the application of 4.25 mg/kg galangin and 8‐MOP. In conclusion, the results showed that galangin was able to improve vitiligo induced by hydroquinone in mice, with the activity related to concentrations of TYR, expression of TYR protein, activity of malondialdehyde and content of cholinesterase. Galangin may therefore be a potential candidate for the treatment of vitiligo, subject to further investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Quercetin inhibits α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells

Quercetin is known to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanocytes. However, several reports suggest that quercetin has different and opposite effects on melanogenesis. This study examined the precise effects of quercetin on melanogenesis using cell‐free assay systems and melanocytes. Quercetin inhibited the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase, and melanin synthesis in cell‐free assay systems. Quercetin induced mild stimulation of the tyrosinase activity and dihydroxyphenylalaminechrome tautomerase (TRP‐2) expression but only at low concentrations (<20 μm ) in B16F10 melanoma cells. In contrast, the addition of 50 μm quercetin to the cells led to a significant decrease in the activity and synthesis of tyrosinase, as well as a decrease in the expression of tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 and TRP‐2 proteins, regardless of the presence or absence of α‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH). Quercetin also reduced the intracellular cAMP and the phosphorylated protein kinase A levels in α‐MSH‐stimulated B16F10 cells. Moreover, quercetin (20 μm ) diminished the expression and activity of tyrosinase, and melanin content in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes. These effects were not related to its cytotoxic action. Although the in vivo effects of quercetin are still unclear, these results suggest that quercetin could play important roles in controlling melanogenesis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

补骨脂异黄酮对A375细胞黑素合成的影响

目的 观察补骨脂异黄酮对A375细胞黑素合成的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法 将细胞按随机数字表法分为空白组,雌二醇组,补骨脂异黄酮10-3、10-2、10-1、1、10、100μmol/L组.雌二醇组给予10-3μmol/L的雌二醇溶液干预,补骨脂异黄酮10-3、10-2、10-1、1、10、100μmol/L组分别给予10-3、10-2、10-1、1、10、100μmol/L补骨脂异黄酮溶液进行干预.分别采用MTT法、NaOH裂解法、多巴氧化法检测细胞增殖率、黑素含量和酪氨酸酶(tyrosinase,TYR)活性;采用RT-PCR法测定TYR、酪氨酸酶相关蛋白(tyrosinase related protein,TRP)-1及TRP-2 mRNA表达.结果 与空白组比较,10、100μmol/L补骨脂异黄酮组细胞增殖率下降(P<0.01);补骨脂异黄酮1、10-1、10-2μmol/L组细胞黑素含量、TYR活性下降(P<0.01或P<0.05);1μmol/L补骨脂异黄酮组TYR[(0.303±0.003)比(0.628±0.012)]、TRP-1[(0.313±0.008)比(0.677±0.022)]、TRP-2[(0.456±0.028)比(0.687±0.020)]mRNA表达降低(P<0.01).结论 补骨脂异黄酮可能通过抑制TYR活性和TYR、TRP-1/2 mRNA表达从而抑制黑素合成.     

Puerarin Exerts an Antiinflammatory Effect by Inhibiting NF‐kB and MAPK Activation in Staphylococcus aureus‐Induced Mastitis

Mastitis is defined as the inflammation of the mammary gland. There is generally no effective treatment for mastitis in animals. Puerarin, extracted from Radix puerariae, has been proven to possess many biological activities. The present study aims to reveal the potential mechanism that is responsible for the antiinflammatory action of puerarin in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced mastitis in mice. Histopathological changes showed that puerarin ameliorated the inflammatory injury induced by S. aureus. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and ELISA analysis indicated that puerarin not only suppressed the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 but also promoted the secretion of IL‐10. Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) is important in the immune defense against S. aureus infection. Research in molecular biology has shown that the expression of TLR2 was inhibited with administration of puerarin. Further studies were performed on NF‐kB and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways using western blot. The results demonstrated that puerarin suppressed phosphorylated IkBα, p65, p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1and 2 (ERK), and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in a dose‐dependent manner. All of the results suggested that puerarin may be a potential therapy for treating mastitis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

活血补肾合剂对白癜风小鼠模型皮损区酪氨酸酶及白细胞介素-6表达的影响

目的通过观察白癜风小鼠模型皮损区酪氨酸酶（TYR）及相关细胞因子白细胞介素一6（IL-6）表达的情况,探讨活血补肾合剂促进实验小鼠黑素生成的可能作用机制。方法将40只C57BL／6J小鼠随机分为空白对照组、活血补肾合剂组、白癜风胶囊组和模型组。除空白对照组外,其余各组均用化学脱色法造模,同时给以相应的药物治疗40天,观察各组黑素生成及酪氨酸酶（TYR）、IL-6表达情况。结果与白癜风胶囊组和模型组比较,活血补肾合剂组能显著促进白癜风小鼠模型黑素的生成,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。活血补肾合剂组皮损区TYR表达明显高于白癜风胶囊组和模型组,而IL-6的表达则明显低于白癜风胶囊组和模型组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论活血补肾合剂能够促进黑素的生成,可能与其增加酪氨酸酶的表达和抑制IL-6的表达有关。     

当归提取物对黑素瘤细胞与角质形成细胞共培养模型黑素合成的影响

目的:考察当归水提取物对体外构建的人黑素瘤细胞( A375)与角质形成细胞(HaCaT)共培养模型黑素合成的影响.方法:分别培养A375细胞与HaCaT细胞,A375细胞与HaCaT细胞以1∶2的比例接种于培养板后加入MEM培养基培养24 h.用MEM将当归提取物制备成0.1 ～2g·L-15个质量浓度,细胞给药作用48 h,采用MTT法、NaOH裂解法、多巴氧化法分别测定给各组A375细胞与HaCaT细胞共培养模型的细胞活力、黑素含量和酪氨酸酶活性.结果:与阴性对照组相比,2,1,0.5 g·L-1当归提取物对共培养细胞的增殖有显著促进作用(P＜0.01);2,1,0.5,0.25 g·L-1当归提取物对黑素合成有显著的抑制作用(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01),呈现浓度依赖性的抑制作用趋势;当归提取物各浓度组对酪氨酸酶活性均有显著抑制作用,2,1 g·L-1组的抑制作用弱于熊果苷组(P＜0.01),0.5,0.25,0.125 g·L-1组与熊果苷组作用相当.结论:当归水提取物能够通过抑制酪氨酸酶活性来抑制A375细胞和HaCaT细胞共培养体系的黑素合成,为临床使用当归治疗黄褐斑提供了实验依据.