MRI鉴别诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤价值

目的 探讨MRI鉴别诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的价值。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月~2015年12月在笔者医院经术后病理确诊的乳腺叶状肿瘤患者25例（28个病灶）和乳腺纤维腺瘤患者65例（74个病灶）。术前均进行了MRI和乳腺超声检查。比较乳腺叶状肿瘤和纤维腺瘤患者MRI表现的差异;比较MRI和超声诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤和纤维腺瘤的准确率的差异。结果 乳腺叶状肿瘤患者MRI表现病灶形状主要为分叶状、多结节融合状、圆形或类圆形,且大部分边界清楚（96.43%）,多数出现T₂WI高信号（89.29%）和不均匀强化（71.43%）,有非增强低信号分隔13个（46.43%）,有囊性病变11个（39.29%）;乳腺纤维腺瘤患者MRI表现病灶形状主要为圆形或类圆形56个（75.68%）,且边界均清楚74个（100%）,全部出现T₁WI高信号74个（100%）,多数出现T₂WI高信号48个（64.86%）和不均匀强化47个（63.51%）,有非增强低信号分隔14个（18.92%）,均无囊性病变74个（100%）;乳腺叶状肿瘤和纤维腺瘤患者MRI表现在病灶形状、T₁WI和T₂WI信号、非增强低信号分隔和囊性病变的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;MRI的诊断准确率（97例,95.09%）高于超声检查（83例,81.37%）,且差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 MRI对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断具有明确的价值;两者的病灶形状、信号、增强方式等差异显著,MRI的诊断准确性优于超声检查。     

神经鞘瘤的X线和MRI表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨神经鞘瘤的X线与MRI表现及二者在神经鞘瘤临床诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择2012年1月至2016年3月广州医科大学附属第四医院及广州医科大学附属第二医院收治的神经鞘瘤患者27例（27个病灶）作为研究对象进行回顾性分析,总结患者的X线与MRI表现及鉴别诊断要点。结果 神经鞘瘤的X线主要表现为软组织肿胀及肿块影,可伴有病理性钙化,骨内神经鞘瘤的X线表现主要为局限性单囊状类圆形改变,一般无钙化、骨化。恶性病例多边界不清,可见硬化缘,正常皮质髓质过度带大幅增宽,肿瘤穿破皮质累及周围软组织,脂肪间隙消失;良性病例边界清晰、皮质变薄,边缘硬化,周围软组织不受累及。神经鞘瘤的MRI增强可见病灶有完整包膜,可见靶征与神经出入征。恶性病例多表现为T₁WI等信号、T₂WI不均匀高信号;良性肿瘤亦可信号不均,T₁WI呈等信号,T₂WI呈高、低、等混杂信号。结论 MRI具有良好的软组织分辨力,多方位与多参数成像可精确显示肿瘤大小、形态、边缘及其与周围组织结构关系,对神经鞘瘤的诊断效果优于X线,诊断过程中需注意观察相关征象并予以鉴别。     

脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化的CT、MRI表现

目的 探讨脾脏硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化（sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation,SANT）的影像学特征,提高对脾脏SANT的术前诊断水平。方法 回顾性收集并分析经手术病理证实的7例脾脏SANT患者的临床及影像学资料,分析患者临床特点、病理基础及CT和（或）磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）的特征表现。结果 7例脾脏SANT患者中女性4例,男性3例,患者年龄28~62岁,中位年龄50岁。病理学特征为纤维硬化间质中形成多个血管瘤样结节。病灶在MRI的T₂-weighted imaging （T₂WI）及增强扫描动脉期表现为"轮辐征",增强扫描5min延迟期中心区域见星芒状延迟强化。病灶在CT上表现为动脉期周边结节样强化及后期渐进性强化,强化特点与MRI增强类似,但因延迟时间不够,中心纤维延迟强化的特点不明显。结论 脾脏SANT的典型MRI征象包括在T₂WI及动脉期的"轮辐征",以及延迟期的中心星芒状纤维组织延迟强化。MRI对脾脏SANT基本征象的显示优于CT。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断价值探讨

目的探讨子宫腺肌病的MRI表现及MRI扫描的诊断价值。方法对19例经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌症患者行MRI检查并回顾性分析。结果19例中，弥漫性子宫腺肌症11例，子宫壁结合带弥漫性增厚，结合带与肌层分界不清；在T1WI上表现为等信号，在T2WI上表现为等或略低信号，混杂有散在多发点状高信号灶。局限性子宫腺肌症8例，表现为子宫体部或底部局限性增大，相应部位结合带增厚，与肌层分界不清，在T1WI上呈等信号，T2WI上呈略低信号，病灶信号可不均匀，中央部可有多发点状高信号。结论MRI能对子宫腺肌症作出明确诊断，矢状位T2WI是显示病变的最佳扫描序列。     

MRI在子宫腺肌症的诊断价值

目的分析子宫腺肌症的MRI表现,探讨子宫腺肌症的临床症状及MRI表现与CA125、PRL相关性,提高子宫腺肌症的诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析2011年1月至2014年6月我院62例子宫腺肌症的MRI及临床资料,其中57例经手术病理证实,5例通过介入栓塞术后症状缓解。结果在62例患者中,弥漫型子宫腺肌症45例,局限型子宫腺肌症17例。弥漫型表现为子宫较弥漫性增大,结合带广泛增厚,与肌层分界不清,呈T2WI稍低信号、T1WI等信号,其间混杂多发点状高信号,呈"雪花样"改变;局限型表现为子宫可局限性增大,相应结合带增厚,与肌层分界不清,呈T2WI稍低信号、T1W等信号,信号可均匀或不均匀,不均匀为内多发点状高信号。主要临床表现依次子宫增大(55/62,88.7%)、进行性痛经(48/62,77%)、月经异常(25/62,40%)、下腹痛(20/62,32%)、不孕(10/62,16%)。子宫腺肌症患者的CA125、PRL分泌增多。结论MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断具有较高临床价值;子宫腺肌症的MRI表现具有特征性,且与CA125及PRL存在相关性,有助于子宫腺肌症诊断及鉴别诊断。     

磁共振高分辨率T2加权成像联合分段读出平面回波成像鉴别诊断肌层和非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床价值

目的 评估磁共振高分辨率T₂加权成像（HR-T₂WI）、分段读出平面回波成像（RS-EPI）和两者联合鉴别肌层与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的临床价值。方法 前瞻性纳入2016年6月至2017年12月于我院经膀胱镜活组织检查证实为膀胱癌、最终行手术治疗并明确病理分期的9 5例患者,所有患者均行HR-T₂WI、RS-EPI检查。分别应用HR-T₂WI、RS-EPI及HR-T₂WI+RS-EPI图像明确膀胱癌是否浸润肌层,并采用Kappa检验将3种方法的诊断结果与病理结果进行比较。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线并计算曲线下面积（AUC）,评估3种诊断方法的灵敏度、特异度和准确度,采用DeLong检验对3种诊断方法的AUC进行两两比较。结果 HR-T₂WI、RS-EPI和HR-T₂WI+RS-EPI的诊断结果与病理结果的一致性均较好,Kappa值分别为0.770、0.787、0.936（P均<0.01）。3种方法鉴别肌层与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的AUC、灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为0.899、95.5%（42/44）、82.4%（42/51）和88.4%（84/95）,0.891、84.1%（37/44）、94.1%（48/51）和89.5%（85/95）,以及0.966、93.2%（41/44）、100.0%（51/51）和96.8%（92/95）。HR-T₂WI+RS-EPI鉴别诊断肌层与非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的AUC大于HR-T₂WI和RS-EPI（Z=-2.627 8、-2.720 5,P=0.008 6、0.006 5）。结论 HR-T₂WI联合RS-EPI可作为术前无创、准确鉴别诊断肌层和非肌层浸润性膀胱癌的方法。     

子宫腺肌症的MRI诊断

目的：探讨MRI在子宫腺肌症中的诊断价值。方法对经手术病理证实的35例子宫腺肌症患者的MRI表现进行回顾性分析。结果①弥散型子宫腺肌症24例,表现为子宫体增大,结合带弥散增厚,与肌层分界不清,增厚的结合带内有点状长T2信号,部分于T1WI上呈高信号。②局限型子宫腺肌症11例,表现为子宫底或体部局限性增大,相应部位结合带增厚,共发现16个病灶,在T1WI上呈等信号,6例内见点状高信号,T2WI上表现为与结合带信号相近的肿块影,8例内见点状高信号。③有12例合并有其他妇科病,其中子宫肌瘤8例,卵巢囊肿4例。结论 MRI对子宫腺肌症能作出正确诊断,在定性、定位及鉴别诊断上具有重要价值。     

低场MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨低场MRI对子宫腺肌症的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析14例经手术病理证实的子宫腺肌症的低场MRI影像表现.结果 14例中,弥漫性子宫腺肌症2例,表现为子宫体积增大呈类球形,T2WI子宫结合带弥漫性增厚,厚度13.2～35.0 mm,平均16.5 mm,结合带与肌层分界不清;在T1WI上表现为等信号,在T2WI上表现为等或略低信号,混杂有散在多发点状高信号灶;其中1例患者T1WI与T2WI均可见散在点状高信号灶.局限性子宫腺肌症12例,表现为子宫体部或底部局限性增大,相应部位结合带增厚,与肌层分界不清;在T1WI上呈等信号,T2WI上呈略低信号,病灶信号可不均匀,中央部可有多发点状高信号.结论 低场MRI对子宫腺肌症诊断有重要价值,MRI表现具有特征性,能对子宫腺肌症作出明确诊断.     

前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的磁共振诊断价值

目的 探讨磁共振成像对前置胎盘伴胎盘植入的诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析笔者医院34例因前置胎盘伴阴道流血入院孕妇,均行磁共振T₂WI和DWI扫描,结果经手术及病理证实。测量植入与非植入性胎盘组织的表观弥散系数(ADC),分析T₂WI、DWI序列及两者联合诊断胎盘植入的价值。 结果 34例中,胎盘植入18例。植入性胎盘中植入与非植入部位及非植入性胎盘组织ADC值差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.000、0.032)。T₂WI和DWI序列及两者联合诊断胎盘植入的敏感度、特异性分别为83.3%、87.5%,66.7%、62.5%和94.0%、63.0%。 结论 DWI对胎盘植入定性及定量诊断有一定参考价值。磁共振T₂WI联合DWI序列可提高诊断胎盘植入的敏感度,减少漏诊率,增加诊断信息。     

IVIM-DWI联合基于T2WI纹理分析术前鉴别直肠癌T2与T3分期的应用价值

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像（IVIM-DWI）和基于 T₂WI 纹理分析术前鉴别直肠癌 T₂与 T₃分期的价值。 方法 回顾性分析 2016 年 6 月至 2023 年 5 月于中国科学技术大学附属第一医院西区（安徽省肿瘤医院）就诊且经手术病理证实的 105 例直肠癌患者临床资料。根据术后病理 T 分期将患者分为 T₂期组（n=57）和 T₃期组（n=48）。所有患者均于术前行常规 MRI 及IVIM-DWI 检查。测量患者癌灶的 IVIM-DWI 参数表观扩散系数（ADC）、D、D*和 f,并提取 T₂WI 序列的三维纹理特征。比较两组患者IVIM-DWI 参数和纹理参数的差异,建立纹理特征模型、IVIM-DWI 和纹理特征参数的联合模型。用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估各参数和模型术前对直肠癌 T₂和 T₃分期的鉴别效能。 结果 IVIM-DWI 参数中,T₂期组 D 值大于 T₃期组 D 值,T₂期组 f 值小于 T₃期组f 值,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,ADC 值和 D* 值的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。从 T₂WI 提取的 1 874 个纹理参数中,筛选出 4个具有统计学意义的纹理参数：firstorder_90Percentile、glrlm_LRLGLE、glszm_SZN 和 glszm_SAHGLE。D 值、f 值及 4 个纹理特征参数的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为 0.705,0.664,0.840,0.740,0.801,0.656。纹理特征模型的 AUC 为 0.952,联合模型的 AUC 为 0.956。联合模型的 AUC 大于 D 值、f 值及 4 个纹理特征参数的 AUC,其灵敏度为 93.9%,特异度为 87.5%。 结论 IVIM-DWI 联合基于 T₂WI 纹理分析对术前直肠癌的 T₂期和 T₃期具有良好的鉴别效能,一定程度上弥补常规 MRI 技术之不足。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.